fix: SQLAlchemy deprecation warnings for default parameter (#33980)

Co-authored-by: Asuka Minato <i@asukaminato.eu.org>

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: backend-code-review
+description: Review backend code for quality, security, maintainability, and best practices based on established checklist rules. Use when the user requests a review, analysis, or improvement of backend files (e.g., `.py`) under the `api/` directory. Do NOT use for frontend files (e.g., `.tsx`, `.ts`, `.js`). Supports pending-change review, code snippets review, and file-focused review.
+---
+
+# Backend Code Review
+
+## When to use this skill
+
+Use this skill whenever the user asks to **review, analyze, or improve** backend code (e.g., `.py`) under the `api/` directory. Supports the following review modes:
+
+- **Pending-change review**: when the user asks to review current changes (inspect staged/working-tree files slated for commit to get the changes).
+- **Code snippets review**: when the user pastes code snippets (e.g., a function/class/module excerpt) into the chat and asks for a review.
+- **File-focused review**: when the user points to specific files and asks for a review of those files (one file or a small, explicit set of files, e.g., `api/...`, `api/app.py`).
+
+Do NOT use this skill when:
+
+- The request is about frontend code or UI (e.g., `.tsx`, `.ts`, `.js`, `web/`).
+- The user is not asking for a review/analysis/improvement of backend code.
+- The scope is not under `api/` (unless the user explicitly asks to review backend-related changes outside `api/`).
+
+## How to use this skill
+
+Follow these steps when using this skill:
+
+1. **Identify the review mode** (pending-change vs snippet vs file-focused) based on the user’s input. Keep the scope tight: review only what the user provided or explicitly referenced.
+2. Follow the rules defined in **Checklist** to perform the review. If no Checklist rule matches, apply **General Review Rules** as a fallback to perform the best-effort review.
+3. Compose the final output strictly follow the **Required Output Format**.
+
+Notes when using this skill:
+- Always include actionable fixes or suggestions (including possible code snippets).
+- Use best-effort `File:Line` references when a file path and line numbers are available; otherwise, use the most specific identifier you can.
+
+## Checklist
+
+- db schema design: if the review scope includes code/files under `api/models/` or `api/migrations/`, follow [references/db-schema-rule.md](references/db-schema-rule.md) to perform the review
+- architecture: if the review scope involves controller/service/core-domain/libs/model layering, dependency direction, or moving responsibilities across modules, follow [references/architecture-rule.md](references/architecture-rule.md) to perform the review
+- repositories abstraction: if the review scope contains table/model operations (e.g., `select(...)`, `session.execute(...)`, joins, CRUD) and is not under `api/repositories`, `api/core/repositories`, or `api/extensions/*/repositories/`, follow [references/repositories-rule.md](references/repositories-rule.md) to perform the review
+- sqlalchemy patterns: if the review scope involves SQLAlchemy session/query usage, db transaction/crud usage, or raw SQL usage, follow [references/sqlalchemy-rule.md](references/sqlalchemy-rule.md) to perform the review
+
+## General Review Rules
+
+### 1. Security Review
+
+Check for:
+- SQL injection vulnerabilities
+- Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
+- Command injection
+- Insecure deserialization
+- Hardcoded secrets/credentials
+- Improper authentication/authorization
+- Insecure direct object references
+
+### 2. Performance Review
+
+Check for:
+- N+1 queries
+- Missing database indexes
+- Memory leaks
+- Blocking operations in async code
+- Missing caching opportunities
+
+### 3. Code Quality Review
+
+Check for:
+- Code forward compatibility
+- Code duplication (DRY violations)
+- Functions doing too much (SRP violations)
+- Deep nesting / complex conditionals
+- Magic numbers/strings
+- Poor naming
+- Missing error handling
+- Incomplete type coverage
+
+### 4. Testing Review
+
+Check for:
+- Missing test coverage for new code
+- Tests that don't test behavior
+- Flaky test patterns
+- Missing edge cases
+
+## Required Output Format
+
+When this skill invoked, the response must exactly follow one of the two templates:
+
+### Template A (any findings)
+
+```markdown
+# Code Review Summary
+
+Found <X> critical issues need to be fixed:
+
+## 🔴 Critical (Must Fix)
+
+### 1. <brief description of the issue>
+
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+#### Explanation
+
+<detailed explanation and references of the issue>
+
+#### Suggested Fix
+
+1. <brief description of suggested fix>
+2. <code example> (optional, omit if not applicable)
+
+---
+... (repeat for each critical issue) ...
+
+Found <Y> suggestions for improvement:
+
+## 🟡 Suggestions (Should Consider)
+
+### 1. <brief description of the suggestion>
+
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+#### Explanation
+
+<detailed explanation and references of the suggestion>
+
+#### Suggested Fix
+
+1. <brief description of suggested fix>
+2. <code example> (optional, omit if not applicable)
+
+---
+... (repeat for each suggestion) ...
+
+Found <Z> optional nits:
+
+## 🟢 Nits (Optional)
+### 1. <brief description of the nit>
+
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+#### Explanation
+
+<explanation and references of the optional nit>
+
+#### Suggested Fix
+
+- <minor suggestions>
+
+---
+... (repeat for each nits) ...
+
+## ✅ What's Good
+
+- <Positive feedback on good patterns>
+```
+
+- If there are no critical issues or suggestions or option nits or good points, just omit that section.
+- If the issue number is more than 10, summarize as "Found 10+ critical issues/suggestions/optional nits" and only output the first 10 items.
+- Don't compress the blank lines between sections; keep them as-is for readability.
+- If there is any issue requires code changes, append a brief follow-up question to ask whether the user wants to apply the fix(es) after the structured output. For example: "Would you like me to use the Suggested fix(es) to address these issues?"
+
+### Template B (no issues)
+
+```markdown
+## Code Review Summary
+✅ No issues found.
+```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/architecture-rule.md

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+# Rule Catalog — Architecture
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: controller/service/core-domain/libs/model layering, dependency direction, responsibility placement, observability-friendly flow.
+
+## Rules
+
+### Keep business logic out of controllers
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Controllers should parse input, call services, and return serialized responses. Business decisions inside controllers make behavior hard to reuse and test.
+- Suggested fix: Move domain/business logic into the service or core/domain layer. Keep controller handlers thin and orchestration-focused.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    @bp.post("/apps/<app_id>/publish")
+    def publish_app(app_id: str):
+        payload = request.get_json() or {}
+        if payload.get("force") and current_user.role != "admin":
+            raise ValueError("only admin can force publish")
+        app = App.query.get(app_id)
+        app.status = "published"
+        db.session.commit()
+        return {"result": "ok"}
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    @bp.post("/apps/<app_id>/publish")
+    def publish_app(app_id: str):
+        payload = PublishRequest.model_validate(request.get_json() or {})
+        app_service.publish_app(app_id=app_id, force=payload.force, actor_id=current_user.id)
+        return {"result": "ok"}
+    ```
+
+### Preserve layer dependency direction
+- Category: best practices
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Controllers may depend on services, and services may depend on core/domain abstractions. Reversing this direction (for example, core importing controller/web modules) creates cycles and leaks transport concerns into domain code.
+- Suggested fix: Extract shared contracts into core/domain or service-level modules and make upper layers depend on lower, not the reverse.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # core/policy/publish_policy.py
+    from controllers.console.app import request_context
+
+    def can_publish() -> bool:
+        return request_context.current_user.is_admin
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # core/policy/publish_policy.py
+    def can_publish(role: str) -> bool:
+        return role == "admin"
+
+    # service layer adapts web/user context to domain input
+    allowed = can_publish(role=current_user.role)
+    ```
+
+### Keep libs business-agnostic
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Modules under `api/libs/` should remain reusable, business-agnostic building blocks. They must not encode product/domain-specific rules, workflow orchestration, or business decisions.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - If business logic appears in `api/libs/`, extract it into the appropriate `services/` or `core/` module and keep `libs` focused on generic, cross-cutting helpers.
+  - Keep `libs` dependencies clean: avoid importing service/controller/domain-specific modules into `api/libs/`.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # api/libs/conversation_filter.py
+    from services.conversation_service import ConversationService
+
+    def should_archive_conversation(conversation, tenant_id: str) -> bool:
+        # Domain policy and service dependency are leaking into libs.
+        service = ConversationService()
+        if service.has_paid_plan(tenant_id):
+            return conversation.idle_days > 90
+        return conversation.idle_days > 30
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # api/libs/datetime_utils.py (business-agnostic helper)
+    def older_than_days(idle_days: int, threshold_days: int) -> bool:
+        return idle_days > threshold_days
+
+    # services/conversation_service.py (business logic stays in service/core)
+    from libs.datetime_utils import older_than_days
+
+    def should_archive_conversation(conversation, tenant_id: str) -> bool:
+        threshold_days = 90 if has_paid_plan(tenant_id) else 30
+        return older_than_days(conversation.idle_days, threshold_days)
+    ```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/db-schema-rule.md

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+# Rule Catalog — DB Schema Design
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: model/base inheritance, schema boundaries in model properties, tenant-aware schema design, index redundancy checks, dialect portability in models, and cross-database compatibility in migrations.
+- Does NOT cover: session lifecycle, transaction boundaries, and query execution patterns (handled by `sqlalchemy-rule.md`).
+
+## Rules
+
+### Do not query other tables inside `@property`
+- Category: [maintainability, performance]
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: A model `@property` must not open sessions or query other tables. This hides dependencies across models, tightly couples schema objects to data access, and can cause N+1 query explosions when iterating collections.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Keep model properties pure and local to already-loaded fields.
+  - Move cross-table data fetching to service/repository methods.
+  - For list/batch reads, fetch required related data explicitly (join/preload/bulk query) before rendering derived values.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    class Conversation(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "conversations"
+
+        @property
+        def app_name(self) -> str:
+            with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+                app = session.execute(select(App).where(App.id == self.app_id)).scalar_one()
+                return app.name
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    class Conversation(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "conversations"
+
+        @property
+        def display_title(self) -> str:
+            return self.name or "Untitled"
+
+
+    # Service/repository layer performs explicit batch fetch for related App rows.
+    ```
+
+### Prefer including `tenant_id` in model definitions
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: In multi-tenant domains, include `tenant_id` in schema definitions whenever the entity belongs to tenant-owned data. This improves data isolation safety and keeps future partitioning/sharding strategies practical as data volume grows.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Add a `tenant_id` column and ensure related unique/index constraints include tenant dimension when applicable.
+  - Propagate `tenant_id` through service/repository contracts to keep access paths tenant-aware.
+  - Exception: if a table is explicitly designed as non-tenant-scoped global metadata, document that design decision clearly.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    class Dataset(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "datasets"
+        id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True)
+        name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(255), nullable=False)
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    class Dataset(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "datasets"
+        id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True)
+        tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, index=True)
+        name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(255), nullable=False)
+    ```
+
+### Detect and avoid duplicate/redundant indexes
+- Category: performance
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: Review index definitions for leftmost-prefix redundancy. For example, index `(a, b, c)` can safely cover most lookups for `(a, b)`. Keeping both may increase write overhead and can mislead the optimizer into suboptimal execution plans.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Before adding an index, compare against existing composite indexes by leftmost-prefix rules.
+  - Drop or avoid creating redundant prefixes unless there is a proven query-pattern need.
+  - Apply the same review standard in both model `__table_args__` and migration index DDL.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sa.Index("idx_msg_tenant_app", "tenant_id", "app_id"),
+        sa.Index("idx_msg_tenant_app_created", "tenant_id", "app_id", "created_at"),
+    )
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    __table_args__ = (
+        # Keep the wider index unless profiling proves a dedicated short index is needed.
+        sa.Index("idx_msg_tenant_app_created", "tenant_id", "app_id", "created_at"),
+    )
+    ```
+
+### Avoid PostgreSQL-only dialect usage in models; wrap in `models.types`
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Model/schema definitions should avoid PostgreSQL-only constructs directly in business models. When database-specific behavior is required, encapsulate it in `api/models/types.py` using both PostgreSQL and MySQL dialect implementations, then consume that abstraction from model code.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Do not directly place dialect-only types/operators in model columns when a portable wrapper can be used.
+  - Add or extend wrappers in `models.types` (for example, `AdjustedJSON`, `LongText`, `BinaryData`) to normalize behavior across PostgreSQL and MySQL.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    class ToolConfig(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "tool_configs"
+        config: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column(JSONB, nullable=False)
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
+
+    from models.types import AdjustedJSON
+
+    class ToolConfig(TypeBase):
+        __tablename__ = "tool_configs"
+        config: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column(AdjustedJSON(), nullable=False)
+    ```
+
+### Guard migration incompatibilities with dialect checks and shared types
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Migration scripts under `api/migrations/versions/` must account for PostgreSQL/MySQL incompatibilities explicitly. For dialect-sensitive DDL or defaults, branch on the active dialect (for example, `conn.dialect.name == "postgresql"`), and prefer reusable compatibility abstractions from `models.types` where applicable.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - In migration upgrades/downgrades, bind connection and branch by dialect for incompatible SQL fragments.
+  - Reuse `models.types` wrappers in column definitions when that keeps behavior aligned with runtime models.
+  - Avoid one-dialect-only migration logic unless there is a documented, deliberate compatibility exception.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    with op.batch_alter_table("dataset_keyword_tables") as batch_op:
+        batch_op.add_column(
+            sa.Column(
+                "data_source_type",
+                sa.String(255),
+                server_default=sa.text("'database'::character varying"),
+                nullable=False,
+            )
+        )
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    def _is_pg(conn) -> bool:
+        return conn.dialect.name == "postgresql"
+
+
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    default_expr = sa.text("'database'::character varying") if _is_pg(conn) else sa.text("'database'")
+
+    with op.batch_alter_table("dataset_keyword_tables") as batch_op:
+        batch_op.add_column(
+            sa.Column("data_source_type", sa.String(255), server_default=default_expr, nullable=False)
+        )
+    ```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/repositories-rule.md

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+# Rule Catalog - Repositories Abstraction
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: when to reuse existing repository abstractions, when to introduce new repositories, and how to preserve dependency direction between service/core and infrastructure implementations.
+- Does NOT cover: SQLAlchemy session lifecycle and query-shape specifics (handled by `sqlalchemy-rule.md`), and table schema/migration design (handled by `db-schema-rule.md`).
+
+## Rules
+
+### Introduce repositories abstraction
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: If a table/model already has a repository abstraction, all reads/writes/queries for that table should use the existing repository. If no repository exists, introduce one only when complexity justifies it, such as large/high-volume tables, repeated complex query logic, or likely storage-strategy variation.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - First check  `api/repositories`, `api/core/repositories`, and `api/extensions/*/repositories/` to verify whether the table/model already has a repository abstraction. If it exists, route all operations through it and add missing repository methods instead of bypassing it with ad-hoc SQLAlchemy access.
+  - If no repository exists, add one only when complexity warrants it (for example, repeated complex queries, large data domains, or multiple storage strategies), while preserving dependency direction (service/core depends on abstraction; infra provides implementation).
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # Existing repository is ignored and service uses ad-hoc table queries.
+    class AppService:
+        def archive_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str) -> None:
+            app = self.session.execute(
+                select(App).where(App.id == app_id, App.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+            ).scalar_one()
+            app.archived = True
+            self.session.commit()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # Case A: Existing repository must be reused for all table operations.
+    class AppService:
+        def archive_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str) -> None:
+            app = self.app_repo.get_by_id(app_id=app_id, tenant_id=tenant_id)
+            app.archived = True
+            self.app_repo.save(app)
+
+    # If the query is missing, extend the existing abstraction.
+    active_apps = self.app_repo.list_active_for_tenant(tenant_id=tenant_id)
+    ```
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # No repository exists, but large-domain query logic is scattered in service code.
+    class ConversationService:
+        def list_recent_for_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, limit: int) -> list[Conversation]:
+            ...
+            # many filters/joins/pagination variants duplicated across services
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # Case B: Introduce repository for large/complex domains or storage variation.
+    class ConversationRepository(Protocol):
+        def list_recent_for_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, limit: int) -> list[Conversation]: ...
+
+    class SqlAlchemyConversationRepository:
+        def list_recent_for_app(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, limit: int) -> list[Conversation]:
+            ...
+
+    class ConversationService:
+        def __init__(self, conversation_repo: ConversationRepository):
+            self.conversation_repo = conversation_repo
+    ```

.agents/skills/backend-code-review/references/sqlalchemy-rule.md

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+# Rule Catalog — SQLAlchemy Patterns
+
+## Scope
+- Covers: SQLAlchemy session and transaction lifecycle, query construction, tenant scoping, raw SQL boundaries, and write-path concurrency safeguards.
+- Does NOT cover: table/model schema and migration design details (handled by `db-schema-rule.md`).
+
+## Rules
+
+### Use Session context manager with explicit transaction control behavior
+- Category: best practices
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Session and transaction lifecycle must be explicit and bounded on write paths. Missing commits can silently drop intended updates, while ad-hoc or long-lived transactions increase contention, lock duration, and deadlock risk.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - Use **explicit `session.commit()`** after completing a related write unit.
+  - Or use **`session.begin()` context manager** for automatic commit/rollback on a scoped block.
+  - Keep transaction windows short: avoid network I/O, heavy computation, or unrelated work inside the transaction.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # Missing commit: write may never be persisted.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+
+    # Long transaction: external I/O inside a DB transaction.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session, session.begin():
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+        call_external_api()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # Option 1: explicit commit.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+        session.commit()
+
+    # Option 2: scoped transaction with automatic commit/rollback.
+    with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session, session.begin():
+        run = session.get(WorkflowRun, run_id)
+        run.status = "cancelled"
+
+    # Keep non-DB work outside transaction scope.
+    call_external_api()
+    ```
+
+### Enforce tenant_id scoping on shared-resource queries
+- Category: security
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Reads and writes against shared tables must be scoped by `tenant_id` to prevent cross-tenant data leakage or corruption.
+- Suggested fix: Add `tenant_id` predicate to all tenant-owned entity queries and propagate tenant context through service/repository interfaces.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(Workflow.id == workflow_id)
+    workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(
+        Workflow.id == workflow_id,
+        Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+    )
+    workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+    ```
+
+### Prefer SQLAlchemy expressions over raw SQL by default
+- Category: maintainability
+- Severity: suggestion
+- Description: Raw SQL should be exceptional. ORM/Core expressions are easier to evolve, safer to compose, and more consistent with the codebase.
+- Suggested fix: Rewrite straightforward raw SQL into SQLAlchemy `select/update/delete` expressions; keep raw SQL only when required by clear technical constraints.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    row = session.execute(
+        text("SELECT * FROM workflows WHERE id = :id AND tenant_id = :tenant_id"),
+        {"id": workflow_id, "tenant_id": tenant_id},
+    ).first()
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(
+        Workflow.id == workflow_id,
+        Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+    )
+    row = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+    ```
+
+### Protect write paths with concurrency safeguards
+- Category: quality
+- Severity: critical
+- Description: Multi-writer paths without explicit concurrency control can silently overwrite data. Choose the safeguard based on contention level, lock scope, and throughput cost instead of defaulting to one strategy.
+- Suggested fix:
+  - **Optimistic locking**: Use when contention is usually low and retries are acceptable. Add a version (or updated_at) guard in `WHERE` and treat `rowcount == 0` as a conflict.
+  - **Redis distributed lock**: Use when the critical section spans multiple steps/processes (or includes non-DB side effects) and you need cross-worker mutual exclusion.
+  - **SELECT ... FOR UPDATE**: Use when contention is high on the same rows and strict in-transaction serialization is required. Keep transactions short to reduce lock wait/deadlock risk.
+  - In all cases, scope by `tenant_id` and verify affected row counts for conditional writes.
+- Example:
+  - Bad:
+    ```python
+    # No tenant scope, no conflict detection, and no lock on a contested write path.
+    session.execute(update(WorkflowRun).where(WorkflowRun.id == run_id).values(status="cancelled"))
+    session.commit()  # silently overwrites concurrent updates
+    ```
+  - Good:
+    ```python
+    # 1) Optimistic lock (low contention, retry on conflict)
+    result = session.execute(
+        update(WorkflowRun)
+        .where(
+            WorkflowRun.id == run_id,
+            WorkflowRun.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+            WorkflowRun.version == expected_version,
+        )
+        .values(status="cancelled", version=WorkflowRun.version + 1)
+    )
+    if result.rowcount == 0:
+        raise WorkflowStateConflictError("stale version, retry")
+
+    # 2) Redis distributed lock (cross-worker critical section)
+    lock_name = f"workflow_run_lock:{tenant_id}:{run_id}"
+    with redis_client.lock(lock_name, timeout=20):
+        session.execute(
+            update(WorkflowRun)
+            .where(WorkflowRun.id == run_id, WorkflowRun.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+            .values(status="cancelled")
+        )
+        session.commit()
+
+    # 3) Pessimistic lock with SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (high contention)
+    run = session.execute(
+        select(WorkflowRun)
+        .where(WorkflowRun.id == run_id, WorkflowRun.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+        .with_for_update()
+    ).scalar_one()
+    run.status = "cancelled"
+    session.commit()
+    ```

.agents/skills/component-refactoring/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+---
+name: component-refactoring
+description: Refactor high-complexity React components in Dify frontend. Use when `pnpm analyze-component --json` shows complexity > 50 or lineCount > 300, when the user asks for code splitting, hook extraction, or complexity reduction, or when `pnpm analyze-component` warns to refactor before testing; avoid for simple/well-structured components, third-party wrappers, or when the user explicitly wants testing without refactoring.
+---
+
+# Dify Component Refactoring Skill
+
+Refactor high-complexity React components in the Dify frontend codebase with the patterns and workflow below.
+
+> **Complexity Threshold**: Components with complexity > 50 (measured by `pnpm analyze-component`) should be refactored before testing.
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+### Commands (run from `web/`)
+
+Use paths relative to `web/` (e.g., `app/components/...`).
+Use `refactor-component` for refactoring prompts and `analyze-component` for testing prompts and metrics.
+
+```bash
+cd web
+
+# Generate refactoring prompt
+pnpm refactor-component <path>
+
+# Output refactoring analysis as JSON
+pnpm refactor-component <path> --json
+
+# Generate testing prompt (after refactoring)
+pnpm analyze-component <path>
+
+# Output testing analysis as JSON
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+```
+
+### Complexity Analysis
+
+```bash
+# Analyze component complexity
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+
+# Key metrics to check:
+# - complexity: normalized score 0-100 (target < 50)
+# - maxComplexity: highest single function complexity
+# - lineCount: total lines (target < 300)
+```
+
+### Complexity Score Interpretation
+
+| Score | Level | Action |
+|-------|-------|--------|
+| 0-25 | 🟢 Simple | Ready for testing |
+| 26-50 | 🟡 Medium | Consider minor refactoring |
+| 51-75 | 🟠 Complex | **Refactor before testing** |
+| 76-100 | 🔴 Very Complex | **Must refactor** |
+
+## Core Refactoring Patterns
+
+### Pattern 1: Extract Custom Hooks
+
+**When**: Component has complex state management, multiple `useState`/`useEffect`, or business logic mixed with UI.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Place hooks in a `hooks/` subdirectory or alongside the component as `use-<feature>.ts`.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Complex state logic in component
+const Configuration: FC = () => {
+  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
+  const [datasetConfigs, setDatasetConfigs] = useState<DatasetConfigs>(...)
+  const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
+  
+  // 50+ lines of state management logic...
+  
+  return <div>...</div>
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Extract to custom hook
+// hooks/use-model-config.ts
+export const useModelConfig = (appId: string) => {
+  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
+  const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
+  
+  // Related state management logic here
+  
+  return { modelConfig, setModelConfig, completionParams, setCompletionParams }
+}
+
+// Component becomes cleaner
+const Configuration: FC = () => {
+  const { modelConfig, setModelConfig } = useModelConfig(appId)
+  return <div>...</div>
+}
+```
+
+**Dify Examples**:
+- `web/app/components/app/configuration/hooks/use-advanced-prompt-config.ts`
+- `web/app/components/app/configuration/debug/hooks.tsx`
+- `web/app/components/workflow/hooks/use-workflow.ts`
+
+### Pattern 2: Extract Sub-Components
+
+**When**: Single component has multiple UI sections, conditional rendering blocks, or repeated patterns.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Place sub-components in subdirectories or as separate files in the same directory.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Monolithic JSX with multiple sections
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* 100 lines of header UI */}
+      {/* 100 lines of operations UI */}
+      {/* 100 lines of modals */}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Split into focused components
+// app-info/
+//   ├── index.tsx           (orchestration only)
+//   ├── app-header.tsx      (header UI)
+//   ├── app-operations.tsx  (operations UI)
+//   └── app-modals.tsx      (modal management)
+
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  const { showModal, setShowModal } = useAppInfoModals()
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <AppHeader appDetail={appDetail} />
+      <AppOperations onAction={handleAction} />
+      <AppModals show={showModal} onClose={() => setShowModal(null)} />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+**Dify Examples**:
+- `web/app/components/app/configuration/` directory structure
+- `web/app/components/workflow/nodes/` per-node organization
+
+### Pattern 3: Simplify Conditional Logic
+
+**When**: Deep nesting (> 3 levels), complex ternaries, or multiple `if/else` chains.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Deeply nested conditionals
+const Template = useMemo(() => {
+  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.CHAT) {
+    switch (locale) {
+      case LanguagesSupported[1]:
+        return <TemplateChatZh />
+      case LanguagesSupported[7]:
+        return <TemplateChatJa />
+      default:
+        return <TemplateChatEn />
+    }
+  }
+  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT) {
+    // Another 15 lines...
+  }
+  // More conditions...
+}, [appDetail, locale])
+
+// ✅ After: Use lookup tables + early returns
+const TEMPLATE_MAP = {
+  [AppModeEnum.CHAT]: {
+    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateChatZh,
+    [LanguagesSupported[7]]: TemplateChatJa,
+    default: TemplateChatEn,
+  },
+  [AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT]: {
+    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateAdvancedChatZh,
+    // ...
+  },
+}
+
+const Template = useMemo(() => {
+  const modeTemplates = TEMPLATE_MAP[appDetail?.mode]
+  if (!modeTemplates) return null
+  
+  const TemplateComponent = modeTemplates[locale] || modeTemplates.default
+  return <TemplateComponent appDetail={appDetail} />
+}, [appDetail, locale])
+```
+
+### Pattern 4: Extract API/Data Logic
+
+**When**: Component directly handles API calls, data transformation, or complex async operations.
+
+**Dify Convention**:
+- This skill is for component decomposition, not query/mutation design.
+- When refactoring data fetching, follow `web/AGENTS.md`.
+- Use `frontend-query-mutation` for contracts, query shape, data-fetching wrappers, query/mutation call-site patterns, conditional queries, invalidation, and mutation error handling.
+- Do not introduce deprecated `useInvalid` / `useReset`.
+- Do not add thin passthrough `useQuery` wrappers during refactoring; only extract a custom hook when it truly orchestrates multiple queries/mutations or shared derived state.
+
+**Dify Examples**:
+- `web/service/use-workflow.ts`
+- `web/service/use-common.ts`
+- `web/service/knowledge/use-dataset.ts`
+- `web/service/knowledge/use-document.ts`
+
+### Pattern 5: Extract Modal/Dialog Management
+
+**When**: Component manages multiple modals with complex open/close states.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Modals should be extracted with their state management.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Multiple modal states in component
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  const [showEditModal, setShowEditModal] = useState(false)
+  const [showDuplicateModal, setShowDuplicateModal] = useState(false)
+  const [showConfirmDelete, setShowConfirmDelete] = useState(false)
+  const [showSwitchModal, setShowSwitchModal] = useState(false)
+  const [showImportDSLModal, setShowImportDSLModal] = useState(false)
+  // 5+ more modal states...
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Extract to modal management hook
+type ModalType = 'edit' | 'duplicate' | 'delete' | 'switch' | 'import' | null
+
+const useAppInfoModals = () => {
+  const [activeModal, setActiveModal] = useState<ModalType>(null)
+  
+  const openModal = useCallback((type: ModalType) => setActiveModal(type), [])
+  const closeModal = useCallback(() => setActiveModal(null), [])
+  
+  return {
+    activeModal,
+    openModal,
+    closeModal,
+    isOpen: (type: ModalType) => activeModal === type,
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Pattern 6: Extract Form Logic
+
+**When**: Complex form validation, submission handling, or field transformation.
+
+**Dify Convention**: Use `@tanstack/react-form` patterns from `web/app/components/base/form/`.
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Use existing form infrastructure
+import { useAppForm } from '@/app/components/base/form'
+
+const ConfigForm = () => {
+  const form = useAppForm({
+    defaultValues: { name: '', description: '' },
+    onSubmit: handleSubmit,
+  })
+  
+  return <form.Provider>...</form.Provider>
+}
+```
+
+## Dify-Specific Refactoring Guidelines
+
+### 1. Context Provider Extraction
+
+**When**: Component provides complex context values with multiple states.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Large context value object
+const value = {
+  appId, isAPIKeySet, isTrailFinished, mode, modelModeType,
+  promptMode, isAdvancedMode, isAgent, isOpenAI, isFunctionCall,
+  // 50+ more properties...
+}
+return <ConfigContext.Provider value={value}>...</ConfigContext.Provider>
+
+// ✅ After: Split into domain-specific contexts
+<ModelConfigProvider value={modelConfigValue}>
+  <DatasetConfigProvider value={datasetConfigValue}>
+    <UIConfigProvider value={uiConfigValue}>
+      {children}
+    </UIConfigProvider>
+  </DatasetConfigProvider>
+</ModelConfigProvider>
+```
+
+**Dify Reference**: `web/context/` directory structure
+
+### 2. Workflow Node Components
+
+**When**: Refactoring workflow node components (`web/app/components/workflow/nodes/`).
+
+**Conventions**:
+- Keep node logic in `use-interactions.ts`
+- Extract panel UI to separate files
+- Use `_base` components for common patterns
+
+```
+nodes/<node-type>/
+  ├── index.tsx              # Node registration
+  ├── node.tsx               # Node visual component
+  ├── panel.tsx              # Configuration panel
+  ├── use-interactions.ts    # Node-specific hooks
+  └── types.ts               # Type definitions
+```
+
+### 3. Configuration Components
+
+**When**: Refactoring app configuration components.
+
+**Conventions**:
+- Separate config sections into subdirectories
+- Use existing patterns from `web/app/components/app/configuration/`
+- Keep feature toggles in dedicated components
+
+### 4. Tool/Plugin Components
+
+**When**: Refactoring tool-related components (`web/app/components/tools/`).
+
+**Conventions**:
+- Follow existing modal patterns
+- Use service hooks from `web/service/use-tools.ts`
+- Keep provider-specific logic isolated
+
+## Refactoring Workflow
+
+### Step 1: Generate Refactoring Prompt
+
+```bash
+pnpm refactor-component <path>
+```
+
+This command will:
+- Analyze component complexity and features
+- Identify specific refactoring actions needed
+- Generate a prompt for AI assistant (auto-copied to clipboard on macOS)
+- Provide detailed requirements based on detected patterns
+
+### Step 2: Analyze Details
+
+```bash
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+```
+
+Identify:
+- Total complexity score
+- Max function complexity
+- Line count
+- Features detected (state, effects, API, etc.)
+
+### Step 3: Plan
+
+Create a refactoring plan based on detected features:
+
+| Detected Feature | Refactoring Action |
+|------------------|-------------------|
+| `hasState: true` + `hasEffects: true` | Extract custom hook |
+| `hasAPI: true` | Extract data/service hook |
+| `hasEvents: true` (many) | Extract event handlers |
+| `lineCount > 300` | Split into sub-components |
+| `maxComplexity > 50` | Simplify conditional logic |
+
+### Step 4: Execute Incrementally
+
+1. **Extract one piece at a time**
+2. **Run lint, type-check, and tests after each extraction**
+3. **Verify functionality before next step**
+
+```
+For each extraction:
+  ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ 1. Extract code                        │
+  │ 2. Run: pnpm lint:fix                  │
+  │ 3. Run: pnpm type-check:tsgo           │
+  │ 4. Run: pnpm test                      │
+  │ 5. Test functionality manually         │
+  │ 6. PASS? → Next extraction             │
+  │    FAIL? → Fix before continuing       │
+  └────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Step 5: Verify
+
+After refactoring:
+
+```bash
+# Re-run refactor command to verify improvements
+pnpm refactor-component <path>
+
+# If complexity < 25 and lines < 200, you'll see:
+# ✅ COMPONENT IS WELL-STRUCTURED
+
+# For detailed metrics:
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --json
+
+# Target metrics:
+# - complexity < 50
+# - lineCount < 300
+# - maxComplexity < 30
+```
+
+## Common Mistakes to Avoid
+
+### ❌ Over-Engineering
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Too many tiny hooks
+const useButtonText = () => useState('Click')
+const useButtonDisabled = () => useState(false)
+const useButtonLoading = () => useState(false)
+
+// ✅ Cohesive hook with related state
+const useButtonState = () => {
+  const [text, setText] = useState('Click')
+  const [disabled, setDisabled] = useState(false)
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
+  return { text, setText, disabled, setDisabled, loading, setLoading }
+}
+```
+
+### ❌ Breaking Existing Patterns
+
+- Follow existing directory structures
+- Maintain naming conventions
+- Preserve export patterns for compatibility
+
+### ❌ Premature Abstraction
+
+- Only extract when there's clear complexity benefit
+- Don't create abstractions for single-use code
+- Keep refactored code in the same domain area
+
+## References
+
+### Dify Codebase Examples
+
+- **Hook extraction**: `web/app/components/app/configuration/hooks/`
+- **Component splitting**: `web/app/components/app/configuration/`
+- **Service hooks**: `web/service/use-*.ts`
+- **Workflow patterns**: `web/app/components/workflow/hooks/`
+- **Form patterns**: `web/app/components/base/form/`
+
+### Related Skills
+
+- `frontend-testing` - For testing refactored components
+- `web/docs/test.md` - Testing specification

.agents/skills/component-refactoring/references/complexity-patterns.md

@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+# Complexity Reduction Patterns
+
+This document provides patterns for reducing cognitive complexity in Dify React components.
+
+## Understanding Complexity
+
+### SonarJS Cognitive Complexity
+
+The `pnpm analyze-component` tool uses SonarJS cognitive complexity metrics:
+
+- **Total Complexity**: Sum of all functions' complexity in the file
+- **Max Complexity**: Highest single function complexity
+
+### What Increases Complexity
+
+| Pattern | Complexity Impact |
+|---------|-------------------|
+| `if/else` | +1 per branch |
+| Nested conditions | +1 per nesting level |
+| `switch/case` | +1 per case |
+| `for/while/do` | +1 per loop |
+| `&&`/`||` chains | +1 per operator |
+| Nested callbacks | +1 per nesting level |
+| `try/catch` | +1 per catch |
+| Ternary expressions | +1 per nesting |
+
+## Pattern 1: Replace Conditionals with Lookup Tables
+
+**Before** (complexity: ~15):
+
+```typescript
+const Template = useMemo(() => {
+  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.CHAT) {
+    switch (locale) {
+      case LanguagesSupported[1]:
+        return <TemplateChatZh appDetail={appDetail} />
+      case LanguagesSupported[7]:
+        return <TemplateChatJa appDetail={appDetail} />
+      default:
+        return <TemplateChatEn appDetail={appDetail} />
+    }
+  }
+  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT) {
+    switch (locale) {
+      case LanguagesSupported[1]:
+        return <TemplateAdvancedChatZh appDetail={appDetail} />
+      case LanguagesSupported[7]:
+        return <TemplateAdvancedChatJa appDetail={appDetail} />
+      default:
+        return <TemplateAdvancedChatEn appDetail={appDetail} />
+    }
+  }
+  if (appDetail?.mode === AppModeEnum.WORKFLOW) {
+    // Similar pattern...
+  }
+  return null
+}, [appDetail, locale])
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: ~3):
+
+```typescript
+// Define lookup table outside component
+const TEMPLATE_MAP: Record<AppModeEnum, Record<string, FC<TemplateProps>>> = {
+  [AppModeEnum.CHAT]: {
+    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateChatZh,
+    [LanguagesSupported[7]]: TemplateChatJa,
+    default: TemplateChatEn,
+  },
+  [AppModeEnum.ADVANCED_CHAT]: {
+    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateAdvancedChatZh,
+    [LanguagesSupported[7]]: TemplateAdvancedChatJa,
+    default: TemplateAdvancedChatEn,
+  },
+  [AppModeEnum.WORKFLOW]: {
+    [LanguagesSupported[1]]: TemplateWorkflowZh,
+    [LanguagesSupported[7]]: TemplateWorkflowJa,
+    default: TemplateWorkflowEn,
+  },
+  // ...
+}
+
+// Clean component logic
+const Template = useMemo(() => {
+  if (!appDetail?.mode) return null
+  
+  const templates = TEMPLATE_MAP[appDetail.mode]
+  if (!templates) return null
+  
+  const TemplateComponent = templates[locale] ?? templates.default
+  return <TemplateComponent appDetail={appDetail} />
+}, [appDetail, locale])
+```
+
+## Pattern 2: Use Early Returns
+
+**Before** (complexity: ~10):
+
+```typescript
+const handleSubmit = () => {
+  if (isValid) {
+    if (hasChanges) {
+      if (isConnected) {
+        submitData()
+      } else {
+        showConnectionError()
+      }
+    } else {
+      showNoChangesMessage()
+    }
+  } else {
+    showValidationError()
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: ~4):
+
+```typescript
+const handleSubmit = () => {
+  if (!isValid) {
+    showValidationError()
+    return
+  }
+  
+  if (!hasChanges) {
+    showNoChangesMessage()
+    return
+  }
+  
+  if (!isConnected) {
+    showConnectionError()
+    return
+  }
+  
+  submitData()
+}
+```
+
+## Pattern 3: Extract Complex Conditions
+
+**Before** (complexity: high):
+
+```typescript
+const canPublish = (() => {
+  if (mode !== AppModeEnum.COMPLETION) {
+    if (!isAdvancedMode)
+      return true
+
+    if (modelModeType === ModelModeType.completion) {
+      if (!hasSetBlockStatus.history || !hasSetBlockStatus.query)
+        return false
+      return true
+    }
+    return true
+  }
+  return !promptEmpty
+})()
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: lower):
+
+```typescript
+// Extract to named functions
+const canPublishInCompletionMode = () => !promptEmpty
+
+const canPublishInChatMode = () => {
+  if (!isAdvancedMode) return true
+  if (modelModeType !== ModelModeType.completion) return true
+  return hasSetBlockStatus.history && hasSetBlockStatus.query
+}
+
+// Clean main logic
+const canPublish = mode === AppModeEnum.COMPLETION
+  ? canPublishInCompletionMode()
+  : canPublishInChatMode()
+```
+
+## Pattern 4: Replace Chained Ternaries
+
+**Before** (complexity: ~5):
+
+```typescript
+const statusText = serverActivated
+  ? t('status.running')
+  : serverPublished
+    ? t('status.inactive')
+    : appUnpublished
+      ? t('status.unpublished')
+      : t('status.notConfigured')
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: ~2):
+
+```typescript
+const getStatusText = () => {
+  if (serverActivated) return t('status.running')
+  if (serverPublished) return t('status.inactive')
+  if (appUnpublished) return t('status.unpublished')
+  return t('status.notConfigured')
+}
+
+const statusText = getStatusText()
+```
+
+Or use lookup:
+
+```typescript
+const STATUS_TEXT_MAP = {
+  running: 'status.running',
+  inactive: 'status.inactive',
+  unpublished: 'status.unpublished',
+  notConfigured: 'status.notConfigured',
+} as const
+
+const getStatusKey = (): keyof typeof STATUS_TEXT_MAP => {
+  if (serverActivated) return 'running'
+  if (serverPublished) return 'inactive'
+  if (appUnpublished) return 'unpublished'
+  return 'notConfigured'
+}
+
+const statusText = t(STATUS_TEXT_MAP[getStatusKey()])
+```
+
+## Pattern 5: Flatten Nested Loops
+
+**Before** (complexity: high):
+
+```typescript
+const processData = (items: Item[]) => {
+  const results: ProcessedItem[] = []
+  
+  for (const item of items) {
+    if (item.isValid) {
+      for (const child of item.children) {
+        if (child.isActive) {
+          for (const prop of child.properties) {
+            if (prop.value !== null) {
+              results.push({
+                itemId: item.id,
+                childId: child.id,
+                propValue: prop.value,
+              })
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  return results
+}
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: lower):
+
+```typescript
+// Use functional approach
+const processData = (items: Item[]) => {
+  return items
+    .filter(item => item.isValid)
+    .flatMap(item =>
+      item.children
+        .filter(child => child.isActive)
+        .flatMap(child =>
+          child.properties
+            .filter(prop => prop.value !== null)
+            .map(prop => ({
+              itemId: item.id,
+              childId: child.id,
+              propValue: prop.value,
+            }))
+        )
+    )
+}
+```
+
+## Pattern 6: Extract Event Handler Logic
+
+**Before** (complexity: high in component):
+
+```typescript
+const Component = () => {
+  const handleSelect = (data: DataSet[]) => {
+    if (isEqual(data.map(item => item.id), dataSets.map(item => item.id))) {
+      hideSelectDataSet()
+      return
+    }
+
+    formattingChangedDispatcher()
+    let newDatasets = data
+    if (data.find(item => !item.name)) {
+      const newSelected = produce(data, (draft) => {
+        data.forEach((item, index) => {
+          if (!item.name) {
+            const newItem = dataSets.find(i => i.id === item.id)
+            if (newItem)
+              draft[index] = newItem
+          }
+        })
+      })
+      setDataSets(newSelected)
+      newDatasets = newSelected
+    }
+    else {
+      setDataSets(data)
+    }
+    hideSelectDataSet()
+    
+    // 40 more lines of logic...
+  }
+  
+  return <div>...</div>
+}
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: lower):
+
+```typescript
+// Extract to hook or utility
+const useDatasetSelection = (dataSets: DataSet[], setDataSets: SetState<DataSet[]>) => {
+  const normalizeSelection = (data: DataSet[]) => {
+    const hasUnloadedItem = data.some(item => !item.name)
+    if (!hasUnloadedItem) return data
+    
+    return produce(data, (draft) => {
+      data.forEach((item, index) => {
+        if (!item.name) {
+          const existing = dataSets.find(i => i.id === item.id)
+          if (existing) draft[index] = existing
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  }
+  
+  const hasSelectionChanged = (newData: DataSet[]) => {
+    return !isEqual(
+      newData.map(item => item.id),
+      dataSets.map(item => item.id)
+    )
+  }
+  
+  return { normalizeSelection, hasSelectionChanged }
+}
+
+// Component becomes cleaner
+const Component = () => {
+  const { normalizeSelection, hasSelectionChanged } = useDatasetSelection(dataSets, setDataSets)
+  
+  const handleSelect = (data: DataSet[]) => {
+    if (!hasSelectionChanged(data)) {
+      hideSelectDataSet()
+      return
+    }
+    
+    formattingChangedDispatcher()
+    const normalized = normalizeSelection(data)
+    setDataSets(normalized)
+    hideSelectDataSet()
+  }
+  
+  return <div>...</div>
+}
+```
+
+## Pattern 7: Reduce Boolean Logic Complexity
+
+**Before** (complexity: ~8):
+
+```typescript
+const toggleDisabled = hasInsufficientPermissions
+  || appUnpublished
+  || missingStartNode
+  || triggerModeDisabled
+  || (isAdvancedApp && !currentWorkflow?.graph)
+  || (isBasicApp && !basicAppConfig.updated_at)
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: ~3):
+
+```typescript
+// Extract meaningful boolean functions
+const isAppReady = () => {
+  if (isAdvancedApp) return !!currentWorkflow?.graph
+  return !!basicAppConfig.updated_at
+}
+
+const hasRequiredPermissions = () => {
+  return isCurrentWorkspaceEditor && !hasInsufficientPermissions
+}
+
+const canToggle = () => {
+  if (!hasRequiredPermissions()) return false
+  if (!isAppReady()) return false
+  if (missingStartNode) return false
+  if (triggerModeDisabled) return false
+  return true
+}
+
+const toggleDisabled = !canToggle()
+```
+
+## Pattern 8: Simplify useMemo/useCallback Dependencies
+
+**Before** (complexity: multiple recalculations):
+
+```typescript
+const payload = useMemo(() => {
+  let parameters: Parameter[] = []
+  let outputParameters: OutputParameter[] = []
+
+  if (!published) {
+    parameters = (inputs || []).map((item) => ({
+      name: item.variable,
+      description: '',
+      form: 'llm',
+      required: item.required,
+      type: item.type,
+    }))
+    outputParameters = (outputs || []).map((item) => ({
+      name: item.variable,
+      description: '',
+      type: item.value_type,
+    }))
+  }
+  else if (detail && detail.tool) {
+    parameters = (inputs || []).map((item) => ({
+      // Complex transformation...
+    }))
+    outputParameters = (outputs || []).map((item) => ({
+      // Complex transformation...
+    }))
+  }
+  
+  return {
+    icon: detail?.icon || icon,
+    label: detail?.label || name,
+    // ...more fields
+  }
+}, [detail, published, workflowAppId, icon, name, description, inputs, outputs])
+```
+
+**After** (complexity: separated concerns):
+
+```typescript
+// Separate transformations
+const useParameterTransform = (inputs: InputVar[], detail?: ToolDetail, published?: boolean) => {
+  return useMemo(() => {
+    if (!published) {
+      return inputs.map(item => ({
+        name: item.variable,
+        description: '',
+        form: 'llm',
+        required: item.required,
+        type: item.type,
+      }))
+    }
+    
+    if (!detail?.tool) return []
+    
+    return inputs.map(item => ({
+      name: item.variable,
+      required: item.required,
+      type: item.type === 'paragraph' ? 'string' : item.type,
+      description: detail.tool.parameters.find(p => p.name === item.variable)?.llm_description || '',
+      form: detail.tool.parameters.find(p => p.name === item.variable)?.form || 'llm',
+    }))
+  }, [inputs, detail, published])
+}
+
+// Component uses hook
+const parameters = useParameterTransform(inputs, detail, published)
+const outputParameters = useOutputTransform(outputs, detail, published)
+
+const payload = useMemo(() => ({
+  icon: detail?.icon || icon,
+  label: detail?.label || name,
+  parameters,
+  outputParameters,
+  // ...
+}), [detail, icon, name, parameters, outputParameters])
+```
+
+## Target Metrics After Refactoring
+
+| Metric | Target |
+|--------|--------|
+| Total Complexity | < 50 |
+| Max Function Complexity | < 30 |
+| Function Length | < 30 lines |
+| Nesting Depth | ≤ 3 levels |
+| Conditional Chains | ≤ 3 conditions |

.agents/skills/component-refactoring/references/component-splitting.md

@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+# Component Splitting Patterns
+
+This document provides detailed guidance on splitting large components into smaller, focused components in Dify.
+
+## When to Split Components
+
+Split a component when you identify:
+
+1. **Multiple UI sections** - Distinct visual areas with minimal coupling that can be composed independently
+1. **Conditional rendering blocks** - Large `{condition && <JSX />}` blocks
+1. **Repeated patterns** - Similar UI structures used multiple times
+1. **300+ lines** - Component exceeds manageable size
+1. **Modal clusters** - Multiple modals rendered in one component
+
+## Splitting Strategies
+
+### Strategy 1: Section-Based Splitting
+
+Identify visual sections and extract each as a component.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Monolithic component (500+ lines)
+const ConfigurationPage = () => {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* Header Section - 50 lines */}
+      <div className="header">
+        <h1>{t('configuration.title')}</h1>
+        <div className="actions">
+          {isAdvancedMode && <Badge>Advanced</Badge>}
+          <ModelParameterModal ... />
+          <AppPublisher ... />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      
+      {/* Config Section - 200 lines */}
+      <div className="config">
+        <Config />
+      </div>
+      
+      {/* Debug Section - 150 lines */}
+      <div className="debug">
+        <Debug ... />
+      </div>
+      
+      {/* Modals Section - 100 lines */}
+      {showSelectDataSet && <SelectDataSet ... />}
+      {showHistoryModal && <EditHistoryModal ... />}
+      {showUseGPT4Confirm && <Confirm ... />}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Split into focused components
+// configuration/
+//   ├── index.tsx              (orchestration)
+//   ├── configuration-header.tsx
+//   ├── configuration-content.tsx
+//   ├── configuration-debug.tsx
+//   └── configuration-modals.tsx
+
+// configuration-header.tsx
+interface ConfigurationHeaderProps {
+  isAdvancedMode: boolean
+  onPublish: () => void
+}
+
+const ConfigurationHeader: FC<ConfigurationHeaderProps> = ({
+  isAdvancedMode,
+  onPublish,
+}) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  
+  return (
+    <div className="header">
+      <h1>{t('configuration.title')}</h1>
+      <div className="actions">
+        {isAdvancedMode && <Badge>Advanced</Badge>}
+        <ModelParameterModal ... />
+        <AppPublisher onPublish={onPublish} />
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// index.tsx (orchestration only)
+const ConfigurationPage = () => {
+  const { modelConfig, setModelConfig } = useModelConfig()
+  const { activeModal, openModal, closeModal } = useModalState()
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <ConfigurationHeader
+        isAdvancedMode={isAdvancedMode}
+        onPublish={handlePublish}
+      />
+      <ConfigurationContent
+        modelConfig={modelConfig}
+        onConfigChange={setModelConfig}
+      />
+      {!isMobile && (
+        <ConfigurationDebug
+          inputs={inputs}
+          onSetting={handleSetting}
+        />
+      )}
+      <ConfigurationModals
+        activeModal={activeModal}
+        onClose={closeModal}
+      />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Strategy 2: Conditional Block Extraction
+
+Extract large conditional rendering blocks.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Large conditional blocks
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {expand ? (
+        <div className="expanded">
+          {/* 100 lines of expanded view */}
+        </div>
+      ) : (
+        <div className="collapsed">
+          {/* 50 lines of collapsed view */}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Separate view components
+const AppInfoExpanded: FC<AppInfoViewProps> = ({ appDetail, onAction }) => {
+  return (
+    <div className="expanded">
+      {/* Clean, focused expanded view */}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+const AppInfoCollapsed: FC<AppInfoViewProps> = ({ appDetail, onAction }) => {
+  return (
+    <div className="collapsed">
+      {/* Clean, focused collapsed view */}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {expand
+        ? <AppInfoExpanded appDetail={appDetail} onAction={handleAction} />
+        : <AppInfoCollapsed appDetail={appDetail} onAction={handleAction} />
+      }
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Strategy 3: Modal Extraction
+
+Extract modals with their trigger logic.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Multiple modals in one component
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  const [showEdit, setShowEdit] = useState(false)
+  const [showDuplicate, setShowDuplicate] = useState(false)
+  const [showDelete, setShowDelete] = useState(false)
+  const [showSwitch, setShowSwitch] = useState(false)
+  
+  const onEdit = async (data) => { /* 20 lines */ }
+  const onDuplicate = async (data) => { /* 20 lines */ }
+  const onDelete = async () => { /* 15 lines */ }
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* Main content */}
+      
+      {showEdit && <EditModal onConfirm={onEdit} onClose={() => setShowEdit(false)} />}
+      {showDuplicate && <DuplicateModal onConfirm={onDuplicate} onClose={() => setShowDuplicate(false)} />}
+      {showDelete && <DeleteConfirm onConfirm={onDelete} onClose={() => setShowDelete(false)} />}
+      {showSwitch && <SwitchModal ... />}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Modal manager component
+// app-info-modals.tsx
+type ModalType = 'edit' | 'duplicate' | 'delete' | 'switch' | null
+
+interface AppInfoModalsProps {
+  appDetail: AppDetail
+  activeModal: ModalType
+  onClose: () => void
+  onSuccess: () => void
+}
+
+const AppInfoModals: FC<AppInfoModalsProps> = ({
+  appDetail,
+  activeModal,
+  onClose,
+  onSuccess,
+}) => {
+  const handleEdit = async (data) => { /* logic */ }
+  const handleDuplicate = async (data) => { /* logic */ }
+  const handleDelete = async () => { /* logic */ }
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {activeModal === 'edit' && (
+        <EditModal
+          appDetail={appDetail}
+          onConfirm={handleEdit}
+          onClose={onClose}
+        />
+      )}
+      {activeModal === 'duplicate' && (
+        <DuplicateModal
+          appDetail={appDetail}
+          onConfirm={handleDuplicate}
+          onClose={onClose}
+        />
+      )}
+      {activeModal === 'delete' && (
+        <DeleteConfirm
+          onConfirm={handleDelete}
+          onClose={onClose}
+        />
+      )}
+      {activeModal === 'switch' && (
+        <SwitchModal
+          appDetail={appDetail}
+          onClose={onClose}
+        />
+      )}
+    </>
+  )
+}
+
+// Parent component
+const AppInfo = () => {
+  const { activeModal, openModal, closeModal } = useModalState()
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* Main content with openModal triggers */}
+      <Button onClick={() => openModal('edit')}>Edit</Button>
+      
+      <AppInfoModals
+        appDetail={appDetail}
+        activeModal={activeModal}
+        onClose={closeModal}
+        onSuccess={handleSuccess}
+      />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Strategy 4: List Item Extraction
+
+Extract repeated item rendering.
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Before: Inline item rendering
+const OperationsList = () => {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {operations.map(op => (
+        <div key={op.id} className="operation-item">
+          <span className="icon">{op.icon}</span>
+          <span className="title">{op.title}</span>
+          <span className="description">{op.description}</span>
+          <button onClick={() => op.onClick()}>
+            {op.actionLabel}
+          </button>
+          {op.badge && <Badge>{op.badge}</Badge>}
+          {/* More complex rendering... */}
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// ✅ After: Extracted item component
+interface OperationItemProps {
+  operation: Operation
+  onAction: (id: string) => void
+}
+
+const OperationItem: FC<OperationItemProps> = ({ operation, onAction }) => {
+  return (
+    <div className="operation-item">
+      <span className="icon">{operation.icon}</span>
+      <span className="title">{operation.title}</span>
+      <span className="description">{operation.description}</span>
+      <button onClick={() => onAction(operation.id)}>
+        {operation.actionLabel}
+      </button>
+      {operation.badge && <Badge>{operation.badge}</Badge>}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+const OperationsList = () => {
+  const handleAction = useCallback((id: string) => {
+    const op = operations.find(o => o.id === id)
+    op?.onClick()
+  }, [operations])
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {operations.map(op => (
+        <OperationItem
+          key={op.id}
+          operation={op}
+          onAction={handleAction}
+        />
+      ))}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+## Directory Structure Patterns
+
+### Pattern A: Flat Structure (Simple Components)
+
+For components with 2-3 sub-components:
+
+```
+component-name/
+  ├── index.tsx           # Main component
+  ├── sub-component-a.tsx
+  ├── sub-component-b.tsx
+  └── types.ts            # Shared types
+```
+
+### Pattern B: Nested Structure (Complex Components)
+
+For components with many sub-components:
+
+```
+component-name/
+  ├── index.tsx           # Main orchestration
+  ├── types.ts            # Shared types
+  ├── hooks/
+  │   ├── use-feature-a.ts
+  │   └── use-feature-b.ts
+  ├── components/
+  │   ├── header/
+  │   │   └── index.tsx
+  │   ├── content/
+  │   │   └── index.tsx
+  │   └── modals/
+  │       └── index.tsx
+  └── utils/
+      └── helpers.ts
+```
+
+### Pattern C: Feature-Based Structure (Dify Standard)
+
+Following Dify's existing patterns:
+
+```
+configuration/
+  ├── index.tsx           # Main page component
+  ├── base/               # Base/shared components
+  │   ├── feature-panel/
+  │   ├── group-name/
+  │   └── operation-btn/
+  ├── config/             # Config section
+  │   ├── index.tsx
+  │   ├── agent/
+  │   └── automatic/
+  ├── dataset-config/     # Dataset section
+  │   ├── index.tsx
+  │   ├── card-item/
+  │   └── params-config/
+  ├── debug/              # Debug section
+  │   ├── index.tsx
+  │   └── hooks.tsx
+  └── hooks/              # Shared hooks
+      └── use-advanced-prompt-config.ts
+```
+
+## Props Design
+
+### Minimal Props Principle
+
+Pass only what's needed:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Bad: Passing entire objects when only some fields needed
+<ConfigHeader appDetail={appDetail} modelConfig={modelConfig} />
+
+// ✅ Good: Destructure to minimum required
+<ConfigHeader
+  appName={appDetail.name}
+  isAdvancedMode={modelConfig.isAdvanced}
+  onPublish={handlePublish}
+/>
+```
+
+### Callback Props Pattern
+
+Use callbacks for child-to-parent communication:
+
+```typescript
+// Parent
+const Parent = () => {
+  const [value, setValue] = useState('')
+  
+  return (
+    <Child
+      value={value}
+      onChange={setValue}
+      onSubmit={handleSubmit}
+    />
+  )
+}
+
+// Child
+interface ChildProps {
+  value: string
+  onChange: (value: string) => void
+  onSubmit: () => void
+}
+
+const Child: FC<ChildProps> = ({ value, onChange, onSubmit }) => {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <input value={value} onChange={e => onChange(e.target.value)} />
+      <button onClick={onSubmit}>Submit</button>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Render Props for Flexibility
+
+When sub-components need parent context:
+
+```typescript
+interface ListProps<T> {
+  items: T[]
+  renderItem: (item: T, index: number) => React.ReactNode
+  renderEmpty?: () => React.ReactNode
+}
+
+function List<T>({ items, renderItem, renderEmpty }: ListProps<T>) {
+  if (items.length === 0 && renderEmpty) {
+    return <>{renderEmpty()}</>
+  }
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {items.map((item, index) => renderItem(item, index))}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+// Usage
+<List
+  items={operations}
+  renderItem={(op, i) => <OperationItem key={i} operation={op} />}
+  renderEmpty={() => <EmptyState message="No operations" />}
+/>
+```

.agents/skills/component-refactoring/references/hook-extraction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+# Hook Extraction Patterns
+
+This document provides detailed guidance on extracting custom hooks from complex components in Dify.
+
+## When to Extract Hooks
+
+Extract a custom hook when you identify:
+
+1. **Coupled state groups** - Multiple `useState` hooks that are always used together
+1. **Complex effects** - `useEffect` with multiple dependencies or cleanup logic
+1. **Business logic** - Data transformations, validations, or calculations
+1. **Reusable patterns** - Logic that appears in multiple components
+
+## Extraction Process
+
+### Step 1: Identify State Groups
+
+Look for state variables that are logically related:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ These belong together - extract to hook
+const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
+const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
+const [modelModeType, setModelModeType] = useState<ModelModeType>(...)
+
+// These are model-related state that should be in useModelConfig()
+```
+
+### Step 2: Identify Related Effects
+
+Find effects that modify the grouped state:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ These effects belong with the state above
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (hasFetchedDetail && !modelModeType) {
+    const mode = currModel?.model_properties.mode
+    if (mode) {
+      const newModelConfig = produce(modelConfig, (draft) => {
+        draft.mode = mode
+      })
+      setModelConfig(newModelConfig)
+    }
+  }
+}, [textGenerationModelList, hasFetchedDetail, modelModeType, currModel])
+```
+
+### Step 3: Create the Hook
+
+```typescript
+// hooks/use-model-config.ts
+import type { FormValue } from '@/app/components/header/account-setting/model-provider-page/declarations'
+import type { ModelConfig } from '@/models/debug'
+import { produce } from 'immer'
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
+import { ModelModeType } from '@/types/app'
+
+interface UseModelConfigParams {
+  initialConfig?: Partial<ModelConfig>
+  currModel?: { model_properties?: { mode?: ModelModeType } }
+  hasFetchedDetail: boolean
+}
+
+interface UseModelConfigReturn {
+  modelConfig: ModelConfig
+  setModelConfig: (config: ModelConfig) => void
+  completionParams: FormValue
+  setCompletionParams: (params: FormValue) => void
+  modelModeType: ModelModeType
+}
+
+export const useModelConfig = ({
+  initialConfig,
+  currModel,
+  hasFetchedDetail,
+}: UseModelConfigParams): UseModelConfigReturn => {
+  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>({
+    provider: 'langgenius/openai/openai',
+    model_id: 'gpt-3.5-turbo',
+    mode: ModelModeType.unset,
+    // ... default values
+    ...initialConfig,
+  })
+  
+  const [completionParams, setCompletionParams] = useState<FormValue>({})
+  
+  const modelModeType = modelConfig.mode
+
+  // Fill old app data missing model mode
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (hasFetchedDetail && !modelModeType) {
+      const mode = currModel?.model_properties?.mode
+      if (mode) {
+        setModelConfig(produce(modelConfig, (draft) => {
+          draft.mode = mode
+        }))
+      }
+    }
+  }, [hasFetchedDetail, modelModeType, currModel])
+
+  return {
+    modelConfig,
+    setModelConfig,
+    completionParams,
+    setCompletionParams,
+    modelModeType,
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Step 4: Update Component
+
+```typescript
+// Before: 50+ lines of state management
+const Configuration: FC = () => {
+  const [modelConfig, setModelConfig] = useState<ModelConfig>(...)
+  // ... lots of related state and effects
+}
+
+// After: Clean component
+const Configuration: FC = () => {
+  const {
+    modelConfig,
+    setModelConfig,
+    completionParams,
+    setCompletionParams,
+    modelModeType,
+  } = useModelConfig({
+    currModel,
+    hasFetchedDetail,
+  })
+  
+  // Component now focuses on UI
+}
+```
+
+## Naming Conventions
+
+### Hook Names
+
+- Use `use` prefix: `useModelConfig`, `useDatasetConfig`
+- Be specific: `useAdvancedPromptConfig` not `usePrompt`
+- Include domain: `useWorkflowVariables`, `useMCPServer`
+
+### File Names
+
+- Kebab-case: `use-model-config.ts`
+- Place in `hooks/` subdirectory when multiple hooks exist
+- Place alongside component for single-use hooks
+
+### Return Type Names
+
+- Suffix with `Return`: `UseModelConfigReturn`
+- Suffix params with `Params`: `UseModelConfigParams`
+
+## Common Hook Patterns in Dify
+
+### 1. Data Fetching / Mutation Hooks
+
+When hook extraction touches query or mutation code, do not use this reference as the source of truth for data-layer patterns.
+
+- Follow `web/AGENTS.md` first.
+- Use `frontend-query-mutation` for contracts, query shape, data-fetching wrappers, query/mutation call-site patterns, conditional queries, invalidation, and mutation error handling.
+- Do not introduce deprecated `useInvalid` / `useReset`.
+- Do not extract thin passthrough `useQuery` hooks; only extract orchestration hooks.
+
+### 2. Form State Hook
+
+```typescript
+// Pattern: Form state + validation + submission
+export const useConfigForm = (initialValues: ConfigFormValues) => {
+  const [values, setValues] = useState(initialValues)
+  const [errors, setErrors] = useState<Record<string, string>>({})
+  const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = useState(false)
+
+  const validate = useCallback(() => {
+    const newErrors: Record<string, string> = {}
+    if (!values.name) newErrors.name = 'Name is required'
+    setErrors(newErrors)
+    return Object.keys(newErrors).length === 0
+  }, [values])
+
+  const handleChange = useCallback((field: string, value: any) => {
+    setValues(prev => ({ ...prev, [field]: value }))
+  }, [])
+
+  const handleSubmit = useCallback(async (onSubmit: (values: ConfigFormValues) => Promise<void>) => {
+    if (!validate()) return
+    setIsSubmitting(true)
+    try {
+      await onSubmit(values)
+    } finally {
+      setIsSubmitting(false)
+    }
+  }, [values, validate])
+
+  return { values, errors, isSubmitting, handleChange, handleSubmit }
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Modal State Hook
+
+```typescript
+// Pattern: Multiple modal management
+type ModalType = 'edit' | 'delete' | 'duplicate' | null
+
+export const useModalState = () => {
+  const [activeModal, setActiveModal] = useState<ModalType>(null)
+  const [modalData, setModalData] = useState<any>(null)
+
+  const openModal = useCallback((type: ModalType, data?: any) => {
+    setActiveModal(type)
+    setModalData(data)
+  }, [])
+
+  const closeModal = useCallback(() => {
+    setActiveModal(null)
+    setModalData(null)
+  }, [])
+
+  return {
+    activeModal,
+    modalData,
+    openModal,
+    closeModal,
+    isOpen: useCallback((type: ModalType) => activeModal === type, [activeModal]),
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Toggle/Boolean Hook
+
+```typescript
+// Pattern: Boolean state with convenience methods
+export const useToggle = (initialValue = false) => {
+  const [value, setValue] = useState(initialValue)
+
+  const toggle = useCallback(() => setValue(v => !v), [])
+  const setTrue = useCallback(() => setValue(true), [])
+  const setFalse = useCallback(() => setValue(false), [])
+
+  return [value, { toggle, setTrue, setFalse, set: setValue }] as const
+}
+
+// Usage
+const [isExpanded, { toggle, setTrue: expand, setFalse: collapse }] = useToggle()
+```
+
+## Testing Extracted Hooks
+
+After extraction, test hooks in isolation:
+
+```typescript
+// use-model-config.spec.ts
+import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { useModelConfig } from './use-model-config'
+
+describe('useModelConfig', () => {
+  it('should initialize with default values', () => {
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useModelConfig({
+      hasFetchedDetail: false,
+    }))
+
+    expect(result.current.modelConfig.provider).toBe('langgenius/openai/openai')
+    expect(result.current.modelModeType).toBe(ModelModeType.unset)
+  })
+
+  it('should update model config', () => {
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useModelConfig({
+      hasFetchedDetail: true,
+    }))
+
+    act(() => {
+      result.current.setModelConfig({
+        ...result.current.modelConfig,
+        model_id: 'gpt-4',
+      })
+    })
+
+    expect(result.current.modelConfig.model_id).toBe('gpt-4')
+  })
+})
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-code-review/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+name: frontend-code-review
+description: "Trigger when the user requests a review of frontend files (e.g., `.tsx`, `.ts`, `.js`). Support both pending-change reviews and focused file reviews while applying the checklist rules."
+---
+
+# Frontend Code Review
+
+## Intent
+Use this skill whenever the user asks to review frontend code (especially `.tsx`, `.ts`, or `.js` files). Support two review modes:
+
+1. **Pending-change review** – inspect staged/working-tree files slated for commit and flag checklist violations before submission.
+2. **File-targeted review** – review the specific file(s) the user names and report the relevant checklist findings.
+
+Stick to the checklist below for every applicable file and mode.
+
+## Checklist
+See [references/code-quality.md](references/code-quality.md), [references/performance.md](references/performance.md), [references/business-logic.md](references/business-logic.md) for the living checklist split by category—treat it as the canonical set of rules to follow.
+
+Flag each rule violation with urgency metadata so future reviewers can prioritize fixes.
+
+## Review Process
+1. Open the relevant component/module. Gather lines that relate to class names, React Flow hooks, prop memoization, and styling.
+2. For each rule in the review point, note where the code deviates and capture a representative snippet.
+3. Compose the review section per the template below. Group violations first by **Urgent** flag, then by category order (Code Quality, Performance, Business Logic).
+
+## Required output
+When invoked, the response must exactly follow one of the two templates:
+
+### Template A (any findings)
+```
+# Code review
+Found <N> urgent issues need to be fixed:
+
+## 1 <brief description of bug>
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+
+### Suggested fix
+<brief description of suggested fix>
+
+---
+... (repeat for each urgent issue) ...
+
+Found <M> suggestions for improvement:
+
+## 1 <brief description of suggestion>
+FilePath: <path> line <line>
+<relevant code snippet or pointer>
+
+
+### Suggested fix
+<brief description of suggested fix>
+
+---
+
+... (repeat for each suggestion) ...
+```
+
+If there are no urgent issues, omit that section. If there are no suggestions, omit that section.
+
+If the issue number is more than 10, summarize as "10+ urgent issues" or "10+ suggestions" and just output the first 10 issues.
+
+Don't compress the blank lines between sections; keep them as-is for readability.
+
+If you use Template A (i.e., there are issues to fix) and at least one issue requires code changes, append a brief follow-up question after the structured output asking whether the user wants you to apply the suggested fix(es). For example: "Would you like me to use the Suggested fix section to address these issues?"
+
+### Template B (no issues)
+```
+## Code review
+No issues found.
+```
+

.agents/skills/frontend-code-review/references/business-logic.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Rule Catalog — Business Logic
+
+## Can't use workflowStore in Node components
+
+IsUrgent: True
+
+### Description
+
+File path pattern of node components: `web/app/components/workflow/nodes/[nodeName]/node.tsx`
+
+Node components are also used when creating a RAG Pipe from a template, but in that context there is no workflowStore Provider, which results in a blank screen. [This Issue](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/issues/29168) was caused by exactly this reason.
+
+### Suggested Fix
+
+Use `import { useNodes } from 'reactflow'` instead of `import useNodes from '@/app/components/workflow/store/workflow/use-nodes'`.

.agents/skills/frontend-code-review/references/code-quality.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Rule Catalog — Code Quality
+
+## Conditional class names use utility function
+
+IsUrgent: True
+Category: Code Quality
+
+### Description
+
+Ensure conditional CSS is handled via the shared `classNames` instead of custom ternaries, string concatenation, or template strings. Centralizing class logic keeps components consistent and easier to maintain.
+
+### Suggested Fix
+
+```ts
+import { cn } from '@/utils/classnames'
+const classNames = cn(isActive ? 'text-primary-600' : 'text-gray-500')
+```
+
+## Tailwind-first styling
+
+IsUrgent: True
+Category: Code Quality
+
+### Description
+
+Favor Tailwind CSS utility classes instead of adding new `.module.css` files unless a Tailwind combination cannot achieve the required styling. Keeping styles in Tailwind improves consistency and reduces maintenance overhead.
+
+Update this file when adding, editing, or removing Code Quality rules so the catalog remains accurate.
+
+## Classname ordering for easy overrides
+
+### Description
+
+When writing components, always place the incoming `className` prop after the component’s own class values so that downstream consumers can override or extend the styling. This keeps your component’s defaults but still lets external callers change or remove specific styles.
+
+Example:
+
+```tsx
+import { cn } from '@/utils/classnames'
+
+const Button = ({ className }) => {
+  return <div className={cn('bg-primary-600', className)}></div>
+}
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-code-review/references/performance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Rule Catalog — Performance
+
+## React Flow data usage
+
+IsUrgent: True
+Category: Performance
+
+### Description
+
+When rendering React Flow, prefer `useNodes`/`useEdges` for UI consumption and rely on `useStoreApi` inside callbacks that mutate or read node/edge state. Avoid manually pulling Flow data outside of these hooks.
+
+## Complex prop memoization
+
+IsUrgent: True
+Category: Performance
+
+### Description
+
+Wrap complex prop values (objects, arrays, maps) in `useMemo` prior to passing them into child components to guarantee stable references and prevent unnecessary renders.
+
+Update this file when adding, editing, or removing Performance rules so the catalog remains accurate.
+
+Wrong:
+
+```tsx
+<HeavyComp
+    config={{
+        provider: ...,
+        detail: ...
+    }}
+/>
+```
+
+Right:
+
+```tsx
+const config = useMemo(() => ({
+    provider: ...,
+    detail: ...
+}), [provider, detail]);
+
+<HeavyComp
+    config={config}
+/>
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+name: frontend-query-mutation
+description: Guide for implementing Dify frontend query and mutation patterns with TanStack Query and oRPC. Trigger when creating or updating contracts in web/contract, wiring router composition, consuming consoleQuery or marketplaceQuery in components or services, deciding whether to call queryOptions() directly or extract a helper or use-* hook, handling conditional queries, cache invalidation, mutation error handling, or migrating legacy service calls to contract-first query and mutation helpers.
+---
+
+# Frontend Query & Mutation
+
+## Intent
+
+- Keep contract as the single source of truth in `web/contract/*`.
+- Prefer contract-shaped `queryOptions()` and `mutationOptions()`.
+- Keep invalidation and mutation flow knowledge in the service layer.
+- Keep abstractions minimal to preserve TypeScript inference.
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. Identify the change surface.
+   - Read `references/contract-patterns.md` for contract files, router composition, client helpers, and query or mutation call-site shape.
+   - Read `references/runtime-rules.md` for conditional queries, invalidation, error handling, and legacy migrations.
+   - Read both references when a task spans contract shape and runtime behavior.
+2. Implement the smallest abstraction that fits the task.
+   - Default to direct `useQuery(...)` or `useMutation(...)` calls with oRPC helpers at the call site.
+   - Extract a small shared query helper only when multiple call sites share the same extra options.
+   - Create `web/service/use-{domain}.ts` only for orchestration or shared domain behavior.
+3. Preserve Dify conventions.
+   - Keep contract inputs in `{ params, query?, body? }` shape.
+   - Bind invalidation in the service-layer mutation definition.
+   - Prefer `mutate(...)`; use `mutateAsync(...)` only when Promise semantics are required.
+
+## Files Commonly Touched
+
+- `web/contract/console/*.ts`
+- `web/contract/marketplace.ts`
+- `web/contract/router.ts`
+- `web/service/client.ts`
+- `web/service/use-*.ts`
+- component and hook call sites using `consoleQuery` or `marketplaceQuery`
+
+## References
+
+- Use `references/contract-patterns.md` for contract shape, router registration, query and mutation helpers, and anti-patterns that degrade inference.
+- Use `references/runtime-rules.md` for conditional queries, invalidation, `mutate` versus `mutateAsync`, and legacy migration rules.
+
+Treat this skill as the single query and mutation entry point for Dify frontend work. Keep detailed rules in the reference files instead of duplicating them in project docs.

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/agents/openai.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+interface:
+  display_name: "Frontend Query & Mutation"
+  short_description: "Dify TanStack Query and oRPC patterns"
+  default_prompt: "Use this skill when implementing or reviewing Dify frontend contracts, query and mutation call sites, conditional queries, invalidation, or legacy query/mutation migrations."

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/references/contract-patterns.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Contract Patterns
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- Intent
+- Minimal structure
+- Core workflow
+- Query usage decision rule
+- Mutation usage decision rule
+- Anti-patterns
+- Contract rules
+- Type export
+
+## Intent
+
+- Keep contract as the single source of truth in `web/contract/*`.
+- Default query usage to call-site `useQuery(consoleQuery|marketplaceQuery.xxx.queryOptions(...))` when endpoint behavior maps 1:1 to the contract.
+- Keep abstractions minimal and preserve TypeScript inference.
+
+## Minimal Structure
+
+```text
+web/contract/
+├── base.ts
+├── router.ts
+├── marketplace.ts
+└── console/
+    ├── billing.ts
+    └── ...other domains
+web/service/client.ts
+```
+
+## Core Workflow
+
+1. Define contract in `web/contract/console/{domain}.ts` or `web/contract/marketplace.ts`.
+   - Use `base.route({...}).output(type<...>())` as the baseline.
+   - Add `.input(type<...>())` only when the request has `params`, `query`, or `body`.
+   - For `GET` without input, omit `.input(...)`; do not use `.input(type<unknown>())`.
+2. Register contract in `web/contract/router.ts`.
+   - Import directly from domain files and nest by API prefix.
+3. Consume from UI call sites via oRPC query utilities.
+
+```typescript
+import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+import { consoleQuery } from '@/service/client'
+
+const invoiceQuery = useQuery(consoleQuery.billing.invoices.queryOptions({
+  staleTime: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+  throwOnError: true,
+  select: invoice => invoice.url,
+}))
+```
+
+## Query Usage Decision Rule
+
+1. Default to direct `*.queryOptions(...)` usage at the call site.
+2. If 3 or more call sites share the same extra options, extract a small query helper, not a `use-*` passthrough hook.
+3. Create `web/service/use-{domain}.ts` only for orchestration.
+   - Combine multiple queries or mutations.
+   - Share domain-level derived state or invalidation helpers.
+
+```typescript
+const invoicesBaseQueryOptions = () =>
+  consoleQuery.billing.invoices.queryOptions({ retry: false })
+
+const invoiceQuery = useQuery({
+  ...invoicesBaseQueryOptions(),
+  throwOnError: true,
+})
+```
+
+## Mutation Usage Decision Rule
+
+1. Default to mutation helpers from `consoleQuery` or `marketplaceQuery`, for example `useMutation(consoleQuery.billing.bindPartnerStack.mutationOptions(...))`.
+2. If the mutation flow is heavily custom, use oRPC clients as `mutationFn`, for example `consoleClient.xxx` or `marketplaceClient.xxx`, instead of handwritten non-oRPC mutation logic.
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+- Do not wrap `useQuery` with `options?: Partial<UseQueryOptions>`.
+- Do not split local `queryKey` and `queryFn` when oRPC `queryOptions` already exists and fits the use case.
+- Do not create thin `use-*` passthrough hooks for a single endpoint.
+- These patterns can degrade inference, especially around `throwOnError` and `select`, and add unnecessary indirection.
+
+## Contract Rules
+
+- Input structure: always use `{ params, query?, body? }`.
+- No-input `GET`: omit `.input(...)`; do not use `.input(type<unknown>())`.
+- Path params: use `{paramName}` in the path and match it in the `params` object.
+- Router nesting: group by API prefix, for example `/billing/*` becomes `billing: {}`.
+- No barrel files: import directly from specific files.
+- Types: import from `@/types/` and use the `type<T>()` helper.
+- Mutations: prefer `mutationOptions`; use explicit `mutationKey` mainly for defaults, filtering, and devtools.
+
+## Type Export
+
+```typescript
+export type ConsoleInputs = InferContractRouterInputs<typeof consoleRouterContract>
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation/references/runtime-rules.md

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# Runtime Rules
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- Conditional queries
+- Cache invalidation
+- Key API guide
+- `mutate` vs `mutateAsync`
+- Legacy migration
+
+## Conditional Queries
+
+Prefer contract-shaped `queryOptions(...)`.
+When required input is missing, prefer `input: skipToken` instead of placeholder params or non-null assertions.
+Use `enabled` only for extra business gating after the input itself is already valid.
+
+```typescript
+import { skipToken, useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+
+// Disable the query by skipping input construction.
+function useAccessMode(appId: string | undefined) {
+  return useQuery(consoleQuery.accessControl.appAccessMode.queryOptions({
+    input: appId
+      ? { params: { appId } }
+      : skipToken,
+  }))
+}
+
+// Avoid runtime-only guards that bypass type checking.
+function useBadAccessMode(appId: string | undefined) {
+  return useQuery(consoleQuery.accessControl.appAccessMode.queryOptions({
+    input: { params: { appId: appId! } },
+    enabled: !!appId,
+  }))
+}
+```
+
+## Cache Invalidation
+
+Bind invalidation in the service-layer mutation definition.
+Components may add UI feedback in call-site callbacks, but they should not decide which queries to invalidate.
+
+Use:
+
+- `.key()` for namespace or prefix invalidation
+- `.queryKey(...)` only for exact cache reads or writes such as `getQueryData` and `setQueryData`
+- `queryClient.invalidateQueries(...)` in mutation `onSuccess`
+
+Do not use deprecated `useInvalid` from `use-base.ts`.
+
+```typescript
+// Service layer owns cache invalidation.
+export const useUpdateAccessMode = () => {
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
+
+  return useMutation(consoleQuery.accessControl.updateAccessMode.mutationOptions({
+    onSuccess: () => {
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+        queryKey: consoleQuery.accessControl.appWhitelistSubjects.key(),
+      })
+    },
+  }))
+}
+
+// Component only adds UI behavior.
+updateAccessMode({ appId, mode }, {
+  onSuccess: () => Toast.notify({ type: 'success', message: '...' }),
+})
+
+// Avoid putting invalidation knowledge in the component.
+mutate({ appId, mode }, {
+  onSuccess: () => {
+    queryClient.invalidateQueries({
+      queryKey: consoleQuery.accessControl.appWhitelistSubjects.key(),
+    })
+  },
+})
+```
+
+## Key API Guide
+
+- `.key(...)`
+  - Use for partial matching operations.
+  - Prefer it for invalidation, refetch, and cancel patterns.
+  - Example: `queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: consoleQuery.billing.key() })`
+- `.queryKey(...)`
+  - Use for a specific query's full key.
+  - Prefer it for exact cache addressing and direct reads or writes.
+- `.mutationKey(...)`
+  - Use for a specific mutation's full key.
+  - Prefer it for mutation defaults registration, mutation-status filtering, and devtools grouping.
+
+## `mutate` vs `mutateAsync`
+
+Prefer `mutate` by default.
+Use `mutateAsync` only when Promise semantics are truly required, such as parallel mutations or sequential steps with result dependencies.
+
+Rules:
+
+- Event handlers should usually call `mutate(...)` with `onSuccess` or `onError`.
+- Every `await mutateAsync(...)` must be wrapped in `try/catch`.
+- Do not use `mutateAsync` when callbacks already express the flow clearly.
+
+```typescript
+// Default case.
+mutation.mutate(data, {
+  onSuccess: result => router.push(result.url),
+})
+
+// Promise semantics are required.
+try {
+  const order = await createOrder.mutateAsync(orderData)
+  await confirmPayment.mutateAsync({ orderId: order.id, token })
+  router.push(`/orders/${order.id}`)
+}
+catch (error) {
+  Toast.notify({
+    type: 'error',
+    message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error',
+  })
+}
+```
+
+## Legacy Migration
+
+When touching old code, migrate it toward these rules:
+
+| Old pattern | New pattern |
+|---|---|
+| `useInvalid(key)` in service layer | `queryClient.invalidateQueries(...)` inside mutation `onSuccess` |
+| component-triggered invalidation after mutation | move invalidation into the service-layer mutation definition |
+| imperative fetch plus manual invalidation | wrap it in `useMutation(...mutationOptions(...))` |
+| `await mutateAsync()` without `try/catch` | switch to `mutate(...)` or add `try/catch` |

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+---
+name: frontend-testing
+description: Generate Vitest + React Testing Library tests for Dify frontend components, hooks, and utilities. Triggers on testing, spec files, coverage, Vitest, RTL, unit tests, integration tests, or write/review test requests.
+---
+
+# Dify Frontend Testing Skill
+
+This skill enables Claude to generate high-quality, comprehensive frontend tests for the Dify project following established conventions and best practices.
+
+> **⚠️ Authoritative Source**: This skill is derived from `web/docs/test.md`. Use Vitest mock/timer APIs (`vi.*`).
+
+## When to Apply This Skill
+
+Apply this skill when the user:
+
+- Asks to **write tests** for a component, hook, or utility
+- Asks to **review existing tests** for completeness
+- Mentions **Vitest**, **React Testing Library**, **RTL**, or **spec files**
+- Requests **test coverage** improvement
+- Uses `pnpm analyze-component` output as context
+- Mentions **testing**, **unit tests**, or **integration tests** for frontend code
+- Wants to understand **testing patterns** in the Dify codebase
+
+**Do NOT apply** when:
+
+- User is asking about backend/API tests (Python/pytest)
+- User is asking about E2E tests (Playwright/Cypress)
+- User is only asking conceptual questions without code context
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+### Tech Stack
+
+| Tool | Version | Purpose |
+|------|---------|---------|
+| Vitest | 4.0.16 | Test runner |
+| React Testing Library | 16.0 | Component testing |
+| jsdom | - | Test environment |
+| nock | 14.0 | HTTP mocking |
+| TypeScript | 5.x | Type safety |
+
+### Key Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+pnpm test
+
+# Watch mode
+pnpm test:watch
+
+# Run specific file
+pnpm test path/to/file.spec.tsx
+
+# Generate coverage report
+pnpm test:coverage
+
+# Analyze component complexity
+pnpm analyze-component <path>
+
+# Review existing test
+pnpm analyze-component <path> --review
+```
+
+### File Naming
+
+- Test files: `ComponentName.spec.tsx` inside a same-level `__tests__/` directory
+- Placement rule: Component, hook, and utility tests must live in a sibling `__tests__/` folder at the same level as the source under test. For example, `foo/index.tsx` maps to `foo/__tests__/index.spec.tsx`, and `foo/bar.ts` maps to `foo/__tests__/bar.spec.ts`.
+- Integration tests: `web/__tests__/` directory
+
+## Test Structure Template
+
+```typescript
+import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import Component from './index'
+
+// ✅ Import real project components (DO NOT mock these)
+// import Loading from '@/app/components/base/loading'
+// import { ChildComponent } from './child-component'
+
+// ✅ Mock external dependencies only
+vi.mock('@/service/api')
+vi.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
+  useRouter: () => ({ push: vi.fn() }),
+  usePathname: () => '/test',
+}))
+
+// ✅ Zustand stores: Use real stores (auto-mocked globally)
+// Set test state with: useAppStore.setState({ ... })
+
+// Shared state for mocks (if needed)
+let mockSharedState = false
+
+describe('ComponentName', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()  // ✅ Reset mocks BEFORE each test
+    mockSharedState = false  // ✅ Reset shared state
+  })
+
+  // Rendering tests (REQUIRED)
+  describe('Rendering', () => {
+    it('should render without crashing', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const props = { title: 'Test' }
+      
+      // Act
+      render(<Component {...props} />)
+      
+      // Assert
+      expect(screen.getByText('Test')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Props tests (REQUIRED)
+  describe('Props', () => {
+    it('should apply custom className', () => {
+      render(<Component className="custom" />)
+      expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveClass('custom')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // User Interactions
+  describe('User Interactions', () => {
+    it('should handle click events', () => {
+      const handleClick = vi.fn()
+      render(<Component onClick={handleClick} />)
+      
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+      
+      expect(handleClick).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // Edge Cases (REQUIRED)
+  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
+    it('should handle null data', () => {
+      render(<Component data={null} />)
+      expect(screen.getByText(/no data/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle empty array', () => {
+      render(<Component items={[]} />)
+      expect(screen.getByText(/empty/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Testing Workflow (CRITICAL)
+
+### ⚠️ Incremental Approach Required
+
+**NEVER generate all test files at once.** For complex components or multi-file directories:
+
+1. **Analyze & Plan**: List all files, order by complexity (simple → complex)
+1. **Process ONE at a time**: Write test → Run test → Fix if needed → Next
+1. **Verify before proceeding**: Do NOT continue to next file until current passes
+
+```
+For each file:
+  ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ 1. Write test                          │
+  │ 2. Run: pnpm test <file>.spec.tsx      │
+  │ 3. PASS? → Mark complete, next file    │
+  │    FAIL? → Fix first, then continue    │
+  └────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Complexity-Based Order
+
+Process in this order for multi-file testing:
+
+1. 🟢 Utility functions (simplest)
+1. 🟢 Custom hooks
+1. 🟡 Simple components (presentational)
+1. 🟡 Medium components (state, effects)
+1. 🔴 Complex components (API, routing)
+1. 🔴 Integration tests (index files - last)
+
+### When to Refactor First
+
+- **Complexity > 50**: Break into smaller pieces before testing
+- **500+ lines**: Consider splitting before testing
+- **Many dependencies**: Extract logic into hooks first
+
+> 📖 See `references/workflow.md` for complete workflow details and todo list format.
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+### Path-Level Testing (Directory Testing)
+
+When assigned to test a directory/path, test **ALL content** within that path:
+
+- Test all components, hooks, utilities in the directory (not just `index` file)
+- Use incremental approach: one file at a time, verify each before proceeding
+- Goal: 100% coverage of ALL files in the directory
+
+### Integration Testing First
+
+**Prefer integration testing** when writing tests for a directory:
+
+- ✅ **Import real project components** directly (including base components and siblings)
+- ✅ **Only mock**: API services (`@/service/*`), `next/navigation`, complex context providers
+- ❌ **DO NOT mock** base components (`@/app/components/base/*`)
+- ❌ **DO NOT mock** sibling/child components in the same directory
+
+> See [Test Structure Template](#test-structure-template) for correct import/mock patterns.
+
+### `nuqs` Query State Testing (Required for URL State Hooks)
+
+When a component or hook uses `useQueryState` / `useQueryStates`:
+
+- ✅ Use `NuqsTestingAdapter` (prefer shared helpers in `web/test/nuqs-testing.tsx`)
+- ✅ Assert URL synchronization via `onUrlUpdate` (`searchParams`, `options.history`)
+- ✅ For custom parsers (`createParser`), keep `parse` and `serialize` bijective and add round-trip edge cases (`%2F`, `%25`, spaces, legacy encoded values)
+- ✅ Verify default-clearing behavior (default values should be removed from URL when applicable)
+- ⚠️ Only mock `nuqs` directly when URL behavior is explicitly out of scope for the test
+
+## Core Principles
+
+### 1. AAA Pattern (Arrange-Act-Assert)
+
+Every test should clearly separate:
+
+- **Arrange**: Setup test data and render component
+- **Act**: Perform user actions
+- **Assert**: Verify expected outcomes
+
+### 2. Black-Box Testing
+
+- Test observable behavior, not implementation details
+- Use semantic queries (getByRole, getByLabelText)
+- Avoid testing internal state directly
+- **Prefer pattern matching over hardcoded strings** in assertions:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Avoid: hardcoded text assertions
+expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+// ✅ Better: role-based queries
+expect(screen.getByRole('status')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+// ✅ Better: pattern matching
+expect(screen.getByText(/loading/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+```
+
+### 3. Single Behavior Per Test
+
+Each test verifies ONE user-observable behavior:
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Good: One behavior
+it('should disable button when loading', () => {
+  render(<Button loading />)
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled()
+})
+
+// ❌ Bad: Multiple behaviors
+it('should handle loading state', () => {
+  render(<Button loading />)
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled()
+  expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveClass('loading')
+})
+```
+
+### 4. Semantic Naming
+
+Use `should <behavior> when <condition>`:
+
+```typescript
+it('should show error message when validation fails')
+it('should call onSubmit when form is valid')
+it('should disable input when isReadOnly is true')
+```
+
+## Required Test Scenarios
+
+### Always Required (All Components)
+
+1. **Rendering**: Component renders without crashing
+1. **Props**: Required props, optional props, default values
+1. **Edge Cases**: null, undefined, empty values, boundary conditions
+
+### Conditional (When Present)
+
+| Feature | Test Focus |
+|---------|-----------|
+| `useState` | Initial state, transitions, cleanup |
+| `useEffect` | Execution, dependencies, cleanup |
+| Event handlers | All onClick, onChange, onSubmit, keyboard |
+| API calls | Loading, success, error states |
+| Routing | Navigation, params, query strings |
+| `useCallback`/`useMemo` | Referential equality |
+| Context | Provider values, consumer behavior |
+| Forms | Validation, submission, error display |
+
+## Coverage Goals (Per File)
+
+For each test file generated, aim for:
+
+- ✅ **100%** function coverage
+- ✅ **100%** statement coverage
+- ✅ **>95%** branch coverage
+- ✅ **>95%** line coverage
+
+> **Note**: For multi-file directories, process one file at a time with full coverage each. See `references/workflow.md`.
+
+## Detailed Guides
+
+For more detailed information, refer to:
+
+- `references/workflow.md` - **Incremental testing workflow** (MUST READ for multi-file testing)
+- `references/mocking.md` - Mock patterns, Zustand store testing, and best practices
+- `references/async-testing.md` - Async operations and API calls
+- `references/domain-components.md` - Workflow, Dataset, Configuration testing
+- `references/common-patterns.md` - Frequently used testing patterns
+- `references/checklist.md` - Test generation checklist and validation steps
+
+## Authoritative References
+
+### Primary Specification (MUST follow)
+
+- **`web/docs/test.md`** - The canonical testing specification. This skill is derived from this document.
+
+### Reference Examples in Codebase
+
+- `web/utils/classnames.spec.ts` - Utility function tests
+- `web/app/components/base/button/index.spec.tsx` - Component tests
+- `web/__mocks__/provider-context.ts` - Mock factory example
+
+### Project Configuration
+
+- `web/vitest.config.ts` - Vitest configuration
+- `web/vitest.setup.ts` - Test environment setup
+- `web/scripts/analyze-component.js` - Component analysis tool
+- Modules are not mocked automatically. Global mocks live in `web/vitest.setup.ts` (for example `react-i18next`, `next/image`); mock other modules like `ky` or `mime` locally in test files.

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/assets/component-test.template.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+/**
+ * Test Template for React Components
+ *
+ * WHY THIS STRUCTURE?
+ * - Organized sections make tests easy to navigate and maintain
+ * - Mocks at top ensure consistent test isolation
+ * - Factory functions reduce duplication and improve readability
+ * - describe blocks group related scenarios for better debugging
+ *
+ * INSTRUCTIONS:
+ * 1. Replace `ComponentName` with your component name
+ * 2. Update import path
+ * 3. Add/remove test sections based on component features (use analyze-component)
+ * 4. Follow AAA pattern: Arrange → Act → Assert
+ *
+ * RUN FIRST: pnpm analyze-component <path> to identify required test scenarios
+ */
+
+import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
+// import ComponentName from './index'
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Mocks
+// ============================================================================
+// WHY: Mocks must be hoisted to top of file (Vitest requirement).
+// They run BEFORE imports, so keep them before component imports.
+
+// i18n (automatically mocked)
+// WHY: Global mock in web/vitest.setup.ts is auto-loaded by Vitest setup
+// The global mock provides: useTranslation, Trans, useMixedTranslation, useGetLanguage
+// No explicit mock needed for most tests
+//
+// Override only if custom translations are required:
+// import { createReactI18nextMock } from '@/test/i18n-mock'
+// vi.mock('react-i18next', () => createReactI18nextMock({
+//   'my.custom.key': 'Custom Translation',
+//   'button.save': 'Save',
+// }))
+
+// Router (if component uses useRouter, usePathname, useSearchParams)
+// WHY: Isolates tests from Next.js routing, enables testing navigation behavior
+// const mockPush = vi.fn()
+// vi.mock('@/next/navigation', () => ({
+//   useRouter: () => ({ push: mockPush }),
+//   usePathname: () => '/test-path',
+// }))
+
+// API services (if component fetches data)
+// WHY: Prevents real network calls, enables testing all states (loading/success/error)
+// vi.mock('@/service/api')
+// import * as api from '@/service/api'
+// const mockedApi = vi.mocked(api)
+
+// Shared mock state (for portal/dropdown components)
+// WHY: Portal components like PortalToFollowElem need shared state between
+// parent and child mocks to correctly simulate open/close behavior
+// let mockOpenState = false
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test Data Factories
+// ============================================================================
+// WHY FACTORIES?
+// - Avoid hard-coded test data scattered across tests
+// - Easy to create variations with overrides
+// - Type-safe when using actual types from source
+// - Single source of truth for default test values
+
+// const createMockProps = (overrides = {}) => ({
+//   // Default props that make component render successfully
+//   ...overrides,
+// })
+
+// const createMockItem = (overrides = {}) => ({
+//   id: 'item-1',
+//   name: 'Test Item',
+//   ...overrides,
+// })
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test Helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+// const renderComponent = (props = {}) => {
+//   return render(<ComponentName {...createMockProps(props)} />)
+// }
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+describe('ComponentName', () => {
+  // WHY beforeEach with clearAllMocks?
+  // - Ensures each test starts with clean slate
+  // - Prevents mock call history from leaking between tests
+  // - MUST be beforeEach (not afterEach) to reset BEFORE assertions like toHaveBeenCalledTimes
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    // Reset shared mock state if used (CRITICAL for portal/dropdown tests)
+    // mockOpenState = false
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Rendering Tests (REQUIRED - Every component MUST have these)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // WHY: Catches import errors, missing providers, and basic render issues
+  describe('Rendering', () => {
+    it('should render without crashing', () => {
+      // Arrange - Setup data and mocks
+      // const props = createMockProps()
+
+      // Act - Render the component
+      // render(<ComponentName {...props} />)
+
+      // Assert - Verify expected output
+      // Prefer getByRole for accessibility; it's what users "see"
+      // expect(screen.getByRole('...')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should render with default props', () => {
+      // WHY: Verifies component works without optional props
+      // render(<ComponentName />)
+      // expect(screen.getByText('...')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Props Tests (REQUIRED - Every component MUST test prop behavior)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // WHY: Props are the component's API contract. Test them thoroughly.
+  describe('Props', () => {
+    it('should apply custom className', () => {
+      // WHY: Common pattern in Dify - components should merge custom classes
+      // render(<ComponentName className="custom-class" />)
+      // expect(screen.getByTestId('component')).toHaveClass('custom-class')
+    })
+
+    it('should use default values for optional props', () => {
+      // WHY: Verifies TypeScript defaults work at runtime
+      // render(<ComponentName />)
+      // expect(screen.getByRole('...')).toHaveAttribute('...', 'default-value')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // User Interactions (if component has event handlers - on*, handle*)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // WHY: Event handlers are core functionality. Test from user's perspective.
+  describe('User Interactions', () => {
+    it('should call onClick when clicked', async () => {
+      // WHY userEvent over fireEvent?
+      // - userEvent simulates real user behavior (focus, hover, then click)
+      // - fireEvent is lower-level, doesn't trigger all browser events
+      // const user = userEvent.setup()
+      // const handleClick = vi.fn()
+      // render(<ComponentName onClick={handleClick} />)
+      //
+      // await user.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+      //
+      // expect(handleClick).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    })
+
+    it('should call onChange when value changes', async () => {
+      // const user = userEvent.setup()
+      // const handleChange = vi.fn()
+      // render(<ComponentName onChange={handleChange} />)
+      //
+      // await user.type(screen.getByRole('textbox'), 'new value')
+      //
+      // expect(handleChange).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // State Management (if component uses useState/useReducer)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // WHY: Test state through observable UI changes, not internal state values
+  describe('State Management', () => {
+    it('should update state on interaction', async () => {
+      // WHY test via UI, not state?
+      // - State is implementation detail; UI is what users see
+      // - If UI works correctly, state must be correct
+      // const user = userEvent.setup()
+      // render(<ComponentName />)
+      //
+      // // Initial state - verify what user sees
+      // expect(screen.getByText('Initial')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      //
+      // // Trigger state change via user action
+      // await user.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+      //
+      // // New state - verify UI updated
+      // expect(screen.getByText('Updated')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Async Operations (if component fetches data - useQuery, fetch)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // WHY: Async operations have 3 states users experience: loading, success, error
+  describe('Async Operations', () => {
+    it('should show loading state', () => {
+      // WHY never-resolving promise?
+      // - Keeps component in loading state for assertion
+      // - Alternative: use fake timers
+      // mockedApi.fetchData.mockImplementation(() => new Promise(() => {}))
+      // render(<ComponentName />)
+      //
+      // expect(screen.getByText(/loading/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should show data on success', async () => {
+      // WHY waitFor?
+      // - Component updates asynchronously after fetch resolves
+      // - waitFor retries assertion until it passes or times out
+      // mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ items: ['Item 1'] })
+      // render(<ComponentName />)
+      //
+      // await waitFor(() => {
+      //   expect(screen.getByText('Item 1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      // })
+    })
+
+    it('should show error on failure', async () => {
+      // mockedApi.fetchData.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
+      // render(<ComponentName />)
+      //
+      // await waitFor(() => {
+      //   expect(screen.getByText(/error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      // })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Edge Cases (REQUIRED - Every component MUST handle edge cases)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // WHY: Real-world data is messy. Components must handle:
+  // - Null/undefined from API failures or optional fields
+  // - Empty arrays/strings from user clearing data
+  // - Boundary values (0, MAX_INT, special characters)
+  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
+    it('should handle null value', () => {
+      // WHY test null specifically?
+      // - API might return null for missing data
+      // - Prevents "Cannot read property of null" in production
+      // render(<ComponentName value={null} />)
+      // expect(screen.getByText(/no data/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle undefined value', () => {
+      // WHY test undefined separately from null?
+      // - TypeScript treats them differently
+      // - Optional props are undefined, not null
+      // render(<ComponentName value={undefined} />)
+      // expect(screen.getByText(/no data/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle empty array', () => {
+      // WHY: Empty state often needs special UI (e.g., "No items yet")
+      // render(<ComponentName items={[]} />)
+      // expect(screen.getByText(/empty/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle empty string', () => {
+      // WHY: Empty strings are truthy in JS but visually empty
+      // render(<ComponentName text="" />)
+      // expect(screen.getByText(/placeholder/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Accessibility (optional but recommended for Dify's enterprise users)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // WHY: Dify has enterprise customers who may require accessibility compliance
+  describe('Accessibility', () => {
+    it('should have accessible name', () => {
+      // WHY getByRole with name?
+      // - Tests that screen readers can identify the element
+      // - Enforces proper labeling practices
+      // render(<ComponentName label="Test Label" />)
+      // expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /test label/i })).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should support keyboard navigation', async () => {
+      // WHY: Some users can't use a mouse
+      // const user = userEvent.setup()
+      // render(<ComponentName />)
+      //
+      // await user.tab()
+      // expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveFocus()
+    })
+  })
+})

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/assets/hook-test.template.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/**
+ * Test Template for Custom Hooks
+ *
+ * Instructions:
+ * 1. Replace `useHookName` with your hook name
+ * 2. Update import path
+ * 3. Add/remove test sections based on hook features
+ */
+
+import { renderHook, act, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+// import { useHookName } from './use-hook-name'
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Mocks
+// ============================================================================
+
+// API services (if hook fetches data)
+// vi.mock('@/service/api')
+// import * as api from '@/service/api'
+// const mockedApi = vi.mocked(api)
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Test Helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+// Wrapper for hooks that need context
+// const createWrapper = (contextValue = {}) => {
+//   return ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
+//     <SomeContext.Provider value={contextValue}>
+//       {children}
+//     </SomeContext.Provider>
+//   )
+// }
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+describe('useHookName', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Initial State
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Initial State', () => {
+    it('should return initial state', () => {
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName())
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.value).toBe(initialValue)
+      // expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(false)
+    })
+
+    it('should accept initial value from props', () => {
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName({ initialValue: 'custom' }))
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.value).toBe('custom')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // State Updates
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('State Updates', () => {
+    it('should update value when setValue is called', () => {
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName())
+      //
+      // act(() => {
+      //   result.current.setValue('new value')
+      // })
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.value).toBe('new value')
+    })
+
+    it('should reset to initial value', () => {
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName({ initialValue: 'initial' }))
+      //
+      // act(() => {
+      //   result.current.setValue('changed')
+      // })
+      // expect(result.current.value).toBe('changed')
+      //
+      // act(() => {
+      //   result.current.reset()
+      // })
+      // expect(result.current.value).toBe('initial')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Async Operations
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Async Operations', () => {
+    it('should fetch data on mount', async () => {
+      // mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: 'test' })
+      //
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName())
+      //
+      // // Initially loading
+      // expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(true)
+      //
+      // // Wait for data
+      // await waitFor(() => {
+      //   expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(false)
+      // })
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.data).toEqual({ data: 'test' })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle fetch error', async () => {
+      // mockedApi.fetchData.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
+      //
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName())
+      //
+      // await waitFor(() => {
+      //   expect(result.current.error).toBeTruthy()
+      // })
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.error?.message).toBe('Network error')
+    })
+
+    it('should refetch when dependency changes', async () => {
+      // mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: 'test' })
+      //
+      // const { result, rerender } = renderHook(
+      //   ({ id }) => useHookName(id),
+      //   { initialProps: { id: '1' } }
+      // )
+      //
+      // await waitFor(() => {
+      //   expect(mockedApi.fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledWith('1')
+      // })
+      //
+      // rerender({ id: '2' })
+      //
+      // await waitFor(() => {
+      //   expect(mockedApi.fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledWith('2')
+      // })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Side Effects
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Side Effects', () => {
+    it('should call callback when value changes', () => {
+      // const callback = vi.fn()
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName({ onChange: callback }))
+      //
+      // act(() => {
+      //   result.current.setValue('new value')
+      // })
+      //
+      // expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledWith('new value')
+    })
+
+    it('should cleanup on unmount', () => {
+      // const cleanup = vi.fn()
+      // vi.spyOn(window, 'addEventListener')
+      // vi.spyOn(window, 'removeEventListener')
+      //
+      // const { unmount } = renderHook(() => useHookName())
+      //
+      // expect(window.addEventListener).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      //
+      // unmount()
+      //
+      // expect(window.removeEventListener).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Edge Cases
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
+    it('should handle null input', () => {
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName(null))
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.value).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle rapid updates', () => {
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName())
+      //
+      // act(() => {
+      //   result.current.setValue('1')
+      //   result.current.setValue('2')
+      //   result.current.setValue('3')
+      // })
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.value).toBe('3')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // With Context (if hook uses context)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('With Context', () => {
+    it('should use context value', () => {
+      // const wrapper = createWrapper({ someValue: 'context-value' })
+      // const { result } = renderHook(() => useHookName(), { wrapper })
+      //
+      // expect(result.current.contextValue).toBe('context-value')
+    })
+  })
+})

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/assets/utility-test.template.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/**
+ * Test Template for Utility Functions
+ *
+ * Instructions:
+ * 1. Replace `utilityFunction` with your function name
+ * 2. Update import path
+ * 3. Use test.each for data-driven tests
+ */
+
+// import { utilityFunction } from './utility'
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+describe('utilityFunction', () => {
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Basic Functionality
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Basic Functionality', () => {
+    it('should return expected result for valid input', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction('input')).toBe('expected-output')
+    })
+
+    it('should handle multiple arguments', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction('a', 'b', 'c')).toBe('abc')
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Data-Driven Tests
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Input/Output Mapping', () => {
+    test.each([
+      // [input, expected]
+      ['input1', 'output1'],
+      ['input2', 'output2'],
+      ['input3', 'output3'],
+    ])('should return %s for input %s', (input, expected) => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(input)).toBe(expected)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Edge Cases
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
+    it('should handle empty string', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction('')).toBe('')
+    })
+
+    it('should handle null', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(null)).toBe(null)
+      // or
+      // expect(() => utilityFunction(null)).toThrow()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle undefined', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(undefined)).toBe(undefined)
+      // or
+      // expect(() => utilityFunction(undefined)).toThrow()
+    })
+
+    it('should handle empty array', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction([])).toEqual([])
+    })
+
+    it('should handle empty object', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction({})).toEqual({})
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Boundary Conditions
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Boundary Conditions', () => {
+    it('should handle minimum value', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(0)).toBe(0)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle maximum value', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)).toBe(...)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle negative numbers', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(-1)).toBe(...)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Type Coercion (if applicable)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Type Handling', () => {
+    it('should handle numeric string', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction('123')).toBe(123)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle boolean', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(true)).toBe(...)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Error Cases
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Error Handling', () => {
+    it('should throw for invalid input', () => {
+      // expect(() => utilityFunction('invalid')).toThrow('Error message')
+    })
+
+    it('should throw with specific error type', () => {
+      // expect(() => utilityFunction('invalid')).toThrow(ValidationError)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Complex Objects (if applicable)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Object Handling', () => {
+    it('should preserve object structure', () => {
+      // const input = { a: 1, b: 2 }
+      // expect(utilityFunction(input)).toEqual({ a: 1, b: 2 })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle nested objects', () => {
+      // const input = { nested: { deep: 'value' } }
+      // expect(utilityFunction(input)).toEqual({ nested: { deep: 'transformed' } })
+    })
+
+    it('should not mutate input', () => {
+      // const input = { a: 1 }
+      // const inputCopy = { ...input }
+      // utilityFunction(input)
+      // expect(input).toEqual(inputCopy)
+    })
+  })
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Array Handling (if applicable)
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  describe('Array Handling', () => {
+    it('should process all elements', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction([1, 2, 3])).toEqual([2, 4, 6])
+    })
+
+    it('should handle single element array', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction([1])).toEqual([2])
+    })
+
+    it('should preserve order', () => {
+      // expect(utilityFunction(['c', 'a', 'b'])).toEqual(['c', 'a', 'b'])
+    })
+  })
+})

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/async-testing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+# Async Testing Guide
+
+## Core Async Patterns
+
+### 1. waitFor - Wait for Condition
+
+```typescript
+import { render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+
+it('should load and display data', async () => {
+  render(<DataComponent />)
+  
+  // Wait for element to appear
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(screen.getByText('Loaded Data')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+
+it('should hide loading spinner after load', async () => {
+  render(<DataComponent />)
+  
+  // Wait for element to disappear
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Loading...')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 2. findBy\* - Async Queries
+
+```typescript
+it('should show user name after fetch', async () => {
+  render(<UserProfile />)
+  
+  // findBy returns a promise, auto-waits up to 1000ms
+  const userName = await screen.findByText('John Doe')
+  expect(userName).toBeInTheDocument()
+  
+  // findByRole with options
+  const button = await screen.findByRole('button', { name: /submit/i })
+  expect(button).toBeEnabled()
+})
+```
+
+### 3. userEvent for Async Interactions
+
+```typescript
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
+
+it('should submit form', async () => {
+  const user = userEvent.setup()
+  const onSubmit = vi.fn()
+  
+  render(<Form onSubmit={onSubmit} />)
+  
+  // userEvent methods are async
+  await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Email'), 'test@example.com')
+  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /submit/i }))
+  
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(onSubmit).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ email: 'test@example.com' })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Fake Timers
+
+### When to Use Fake Timers
+
+- Testing components with `setTimeout`/`setInterval`
+- Testing debounce/throttle behavior
+- Testing animations or delayed transitions
+- Testing polling or retry logic
+
+### Basic Fake Timer Setup
+
+```typescript
+describe('Debounced Search', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+  })
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers()
+  })
+
+  it('should debounce search input', async () => {
+    const onSearch = vi.fn()
+    render(<SearchInput onSearch={onSearch} debounceMs={300} />)
+    
+    // Type in the input
+    fireEvent.change(screen.getByRole('textbox'), { target: { value: 'query' } })
+    
+    // Search not called immediately
+    expect(onSearch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    
+    // Advance timers
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(300)
+    
+    // Now search is called
+    expect(onSearch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('query')
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### Fake Timers with Async Code
+
+```typescript
+it('should retry on failure', async () => {
+  vi.useFakeTimers()
+  const fetchData = vi.fn()
+    .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Network error'))
+    .mockResolvedValueOnce({ data: 'success' })
+  
+  render(<RetryComponent fetchData={fetchData} retryDelayMs={1000} />)
+  
+  // First call fails
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+  
+  // Advance timer for retry
+  vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+  
+  // Second call succeeds
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+    expect(screen.getByText('success')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+  
+  vi.useRealTimers()
+})
+```
+
+### Common Fake Timer Utilities
+
+```typescript
+// Run all pending timers
+vi.runAllTimers()
+
+// Run only pending timers (not new ones created during execution)
+vi.runOnlyPendingTimers()
+
+// Advance by specific time
+vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+
+// Get current fake time
+Date.now()
+
+// Clear all timers
+vi.clearAllTimers()
+```
+
+## API Testing Patterns
+
+### Loading → Success → Error States
+
+```typescript
+describe('DataFetcher', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('should show loading state', () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockImplementation(() => new Promise(() => {})) // Never resolves
+    
+    render(<DataFetcher />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('loading-spinner')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should show data on success', async () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ items: ['Item 1', 'Item 2'] })
+    
+    render(<DataFetcher />)
+    
+    // Use findBy* for multiple async elements (better error messages than waitFor with multiple assertions)
+    const item1 = await screen.findByText('Item 1')
+    const item2 = await screen.findByText('Item 2')
+    expect(item1).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(item2).toBeInTheDocument()
+    
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('loading-spinner')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should show error on failure', async () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Failed to fetch'))
+    
+    render(<DataFetcher />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(/failed to fetch/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('should retry on error', async () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
+    
+    render(<DataFetcher />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i })).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+    
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ items: ['Item 1'] })
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i }))
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('Item 1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### Testing Mutations
+
+```typescript
+it('should submit form and show success', async () => {
+  const user = userEvent.setup()
+  mockedApi.createItem.mockResolvedValue({ id: '1', name: 'New Item' })
+  
+  render(<CreateItemForm />)
+  
+  await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Name'), 'New Item')
+  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /create/i }))
+  
+  // Button should be disabled during submission
+  expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /creating/i })).toBeDisabled()
+  
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(screen.getByText(/created successfully/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+  
+  expect(mockedApi.createItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ name: 'New Item' })
+})
+```
+
+## useEffect Testing
+
+### Testing Effect Execution
+
+```typescript
+it('should fetch data on mount', async () => {
+  const fetchData = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: 'test' })
+  
+  render(<ComponentWithEffect fetchData={fetchData} />)
+  
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### Testing Effect Dependencies
+
+```typescript
+it('should refetch when id changes', async () => {
+  const fetchData = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: 'test' })
+  
+  const { rerender } = render(<ComponentWithEffect id="1" fetchData={fetchData} />)
+  
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledWith('1')
+  })
+  
+  rerender(<ComponentWithEffect id="2" fetchData={fetchData} />)
+  
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledWith('2')
+    expect(fetchData).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### Testing Effect Cleanup
+
+```typescript
+it('should cleanup subscription on unmount', () => {
+  const subscribe = vi.fn()
+  const unsubscribe = vi.fn()
+  subscribe.mockReturnValue(unsubscribe)
+  
+  const { unmount } = render(<SubscriptionComponent subscribe={subscribe} />)
+  
+  expect(subscribe).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  
+  unmount()
+  
+  expect(unsubscribe).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+})
+```
+
+## Common Async Pitfalls
+
+### ❌ Don't: Forget to await
+
+```typescript
+// Bad - test may pass even if assertion fails
+it('should load data', () => {
+  render(<Component />)
+  waitFor(() => {
+    expect(screen.getByText('Data')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+
+// Good - properly awaited
+it('should load data', async () => {
+  render(<Component />)
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(screen.getByText('Data')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### ❌ Don't: Use multiple assertions in single waitFor
+
+```typescript
+// Bad - if first assertion fails, won't know about second
+await waitFor(() => {
+  expect(screen.getByText('Title')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(screen.getByText('Description')).toBeInTheDocument()
+})
+
+// Good - separate waitFor or use findBy
+const title = await screen.findByText('Title')
+const description = await screen.findByText('Description')
+expect(title).toBeInTheDocument()
+expect(description).toBeInTheDocument()
+```
+
+### ❌ Don't: Mix fake timers with real async
+
+```typescript
+// Bad - fake timers don't work well with real Promises
+vi.useFakeTimers()
+await waitFor(() => {
+  expect(screen.getByText('Data')).toBeInTheDocument()
+}) // May timeout!
+
+// Good - use runAllTimers or advanceTimersByTime
+vi.useFakeTimers()
+render(<Component />)
+vi.runAllTimers()
+expect(screen.getByText('Data')).toBeInTheDocument()
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/checklist.md

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+# Test Generation Checklist
+
+Use this checklist when generating or reviewing tests for Dify frontend components.
+
+## Pre-Generation
+
+- [ ] Read the component source code completely
+- [ ] Identify component type (component, hook, utility, page)
+- [ ] Run `pnpm analyze-component <path>` if available
+- [ ] Note complexity score and features detected
+- [ ] Check for existing tests in the same directory
+- [ ] **Identify ALL files in the directory** that need testing (not just index)
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+### ⚠️ Incremental Workflow (CRITICAL for Multi-File)
+
+- [ ] **NEVER generate all tests at once** - process one file at a time
+- [ ] Order files by complexity: utilities → hooks → simple → complex → integration
+- [ ] Create a todo list to track progress before starting
+- [ ] For EACH file: write → run test → verify pass → then next
+- [ ] **DO NOT proceed** to next file until current one passes
+
+### Path-Level Coverage
+
+- [ ] **Test ALL files** in the assigned directory/path
+- [ ] List all components, hooks, utilities that need coverage
+- [ ] Decide: single spec file (integration) or multiple spec files (unit)
+
+### Complexity Assessment
+
+- [ ] Run `pnpm analyze-component <path>` for complexity score
+- [ ] **Complexity > 50**: Consider refactoring before testing
+- [ ] **500+ lines**: Consider splitting before testing
+- [ ] **30-50 complexity**: Use multiple describe blocks, organized structure
+
+### Integration vs Mocking
+
+- [ ] **DO NOT mock base components** (`Loading`, `Button`, `Tooltip`, etc.)
+- [ ] Import real project components instead of mocking
+- [ ] Only mock: API calls, complex context providers, third-party libs with side effects
+- [ ] Prefer integration testing when using single spec file
+
+## Required Test Sections
+
+### All Components MUST Have
+
+- [ ] **Rendering tests** - Component renders without crashing
+- [ ] **Props tests** - Required props, optional props, default values
+- [ ] **Edge cases** - null, undefined, empty values, boundaries
+
+### Conditional Sections (Add When Feature Present)
+
+| Feature | Add Tests For |
+|---------|---------------|
+| `useState` | Initial state, transitions, cleanup |
+| `useEffect` | Execution, dependencies, cleanup |
+| Event handlers | onClick, onChange, onSubmit, keyboard |
+| API calls | Loading, success, error states |
+| Routing | Navigation, params, query strings |
+| `useCallback`/`useMemo` | Referential equality |
+| Context | Provider values, consumer behavior |
+| Forms | Validation, submission, error display |
+
+## Code Quality Checklist
+
+### Structure
+
+- [ ] Uses `describe` blocks to group related tests
+- [ ] Test names follow `should <behavior> when <condition>` pattern
+- [ ] AAA pattern (Arrange-Act-Assert) is clear
+- [ ] Comments explain complex test scenarios
+
+### Mocks
+
+- [ ] **DO NOT mock base components** (`@/app/components/base/*`)
+- [ ] `vi.clearAllMocks()` in `beforeEach` (not `afterEach`)
+- [ ] Shared mock state reset in `beforeEach`
+- [ ] i18n uses global mock (auto-loaded in `web/vitest.setup.ts`); only override locally for custom translations
+- [ ] Router mocks match actual Next.js API
+- [ ] Mocks reflect actual component conditional behavior
+- [ ] Only mock: API services, complex context providers, third-party libs
+- [ ] For `nuqs` URL-state tests, wrap with `NuqsTestingAdapter` (prefer `web/test/nuqs-testing.tsx`)
+- [ ] For `nuqs` URL-state tests, assert `onUrlUpdate` payload (`searchParams`, `options.history`)
+- [ ] If custom `nuqs` parser exists, add round-trip tests for encoded edge cases (`%2F`, `%25`, spaces, legacy encoded values)
+
+### Queries
+
+- [ ] Prefer semantic queries (`getByRole`, `getByLabelText`)
+- [ ] Use `queryBy*` for absence assertions
+- [ ] Use `findBy*` for async elements
+- [ ] `getByTestId` only as last resort
+
+### Async
+
+- [ ] All async tests use `async/await`
+- [ ] `waitFor` wraps async assertions
+- [ ] Fake timers properly setup/teardown
+- [ ] No floating promises
+
+### TypeScript
+
+- [ ] No `any` types without justification
+- [ ] Mock data uses actual types from source
+- [ ] Factory functions have proper return types
+
+## Coverage Goals (Per File)
+
+For the current file being tested:
+
+- [ ] 100% function coverage
+- [ ] 100% statement coverage
+- [ ] >95% branch coverage
+- [ ] >95% line coverage
+
+## Post-Generation (Per File)
+
+**Run these checks after EACH test file, not just at the end:**
+
+- [ ] Run `pnpm test path/to/file.spec.tsx` - **MUST PASS before next file**
+- [ ] Fix any failures immediately
+- [ ] Mark file as complete in todo list
+- [ ] Only then proceed to next file
+
+### After All Files Complete
+
+- [ ] Run full directory test: `pnpm test path/to/directory/`
+- [ ] Check coverage report: `pnpm test:coverage`
+- [ ] Run `pnpm lint:fix` on all test files
+- [ ] Run `pnpm type-check:tsgo`
+
+## Common Issues to Watch
+
+### False Positives
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Mock doesn't match actual behavior
+vi.mock('./Component', () => () => <div>Mocked</div>)
+
+// ✅ Mock matches actual conditional logic
+vi.mock('./Component', () => ({ isOpen }: any) =>
+  isOpen ? <div>Content</div> : null
+)
+```
+
+### State Leakage
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Shared state not reset
+let mockState = false
+vi.mock('./useHook', () => () => mockState)
+
+// ✅ Reset in beforeEach
+beforeEach(() => {
+  mockState = false
+})
+```
+
+### Async Race Conditions
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Not awaited
+it('loads data', () => {
+  render(<Component />)
+  expect(screen.getByText('Data')).toBeInTheDocument()
+})
+
+// ✅ Properly awaited
+it('loads data', async () => {
+  render(<Component />)
+  await waitFor(() => {
+    expect(screen.getByText('Data')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### Missing Edge Cases
+
+Always test these scenarios:
+
+- `null` / `undefined` inputs
+- Empty strings / arrays / objects
+- Boundary values (0, -1, MAX_INT)
+- Error states
+- Loading states
+- Disabled states
+
+## Quick Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run specific test
+pnpm test path/to/file.spec.tsx
+
+# Run with coverage
+pnpm test:coverage path/to/file.spec.tsx
+
+# Watch mode
+pnpm test:watch path/to/file.spec.tsx
+
+# Update snapshots (use sparingly)
+pnpm test -u path/to/file.spec.tsx
+
+# Analyze component
+pnpm analyze-component path/to/component.tsx
+
+# Review existing test
+pnpm analyze-component path/to/component.tsx --review
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/common-patterns.md

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+# Common Testing Patterns
+
+## Query Priority
+
+Use queries in this order (most to least preferred):
+
+```typescript
+// 1. getByRole - Most recommended (accessibility)
+screen.getByRole('button', { name: /submit/i })
+screen.getByRole('textbox', { name: /email/i })
+screen.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 })
+
+// 2. getByLabelText - Form fields
+screen.getByLabelText('Email address')
+screen.getByLabelText(/password/i)
+
+// 3. getByPlaceholderText - When no label
+screen.getByPlaceholderText('Search...')
+
+// 4. getByText - Non-interactive elements
+screen.getByText('Welcome to Dify')
+screen.getByText(/loading/i)
+
+// 5. getByDisplayValue - Current input value
+screen.getByDisplayValue('current value')
+
+// 6. getByAltText - Images
+screen.getByAltText('Company logo')
+
+// 7. getByTitle - Tooltip elements
+screen.getByTitle('Close')
+
+// 8. getByTestId - Last resort only!
+screen.getByTestId('custom-element')
+```
+
+## Event Handling Patterns
+
+### Click Events
+
+```typescript
+// Basic click
+fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+
+// With userEvent (preferred for realistic interaction)
+const user = userEvent.setup()
+await user.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+
+// Double click
+await user.dblClick(screen.getByRole('button'))
+
+// Right click
+await user.pointer({ keys: '[MouseRight]', target: screen.getByRole('button') })
+```
+
+### Form Input
+
+```typescript
+const user = userEvent.setup()
+
+// Type in input
+await user.type(screen.getByRole('textbox'), 'Hello World')
+
+// Clear and type
+await user.clear(screen.getByRole('textbox'))
+await user.type(screen.getByRole('textbox'), 'New value')
+
+// Select option
+await user.selectOptions(screen.getByRole('combobox'), 'option-value')
+
+// Check checkbox
+await user.click(screen.getByRole('checkbox'))
+
+// Upload file
+const file = new File(['content'], 'test.pdf', { type: 'application/pdf' })
+await user.upload(screen.getByLabelText(/upload/i), file)
+```
+
+### Keyboard Events
+
+```typescript
+const user = userEvent.setup()
+
+// Press Enter
+await user.keyboard('{Enter}')
+
+// Press Escape
+await user.keyboard('{Escape}')
+
+// Keyboard shortcut
+await user.keyboard('{Control>}a{/Control}') // Ctrl+A
+
+// Tab navigation
+await user.tab()
+
+// Arrow keys
+await user.keyboard('{ArrowDown}')
+await user.keyboard('{ArrowUp}')
+```
+
+## Component State Testing
+
+### Testing State Transitions
+
+```typescript
+describe('Counter', () => {
+  it('should increment count', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    render(<Counter initialCount={0} />)
+    
+    // Initial state
+    expect(screen.getByText('Count: 0')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    
+    // Trigger transition
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /increment/i }))
+    
+    // New state
+    expect(screen.getByText('Count: 1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### Testing Controlled Components
+
+```typescript
+describe('ControlledInput', () => {
+  it('should call onChange with new value', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    const handleChange = vi.fn()
+    
+    render(<ControlledInput value="" onChange={handleChange} />)
+    
+    await user.type(screen.getByRole('textbox'), 'a')
+    
+    expect(handleChange).toHaveBeenCalledWith('a')
+  })
+
+  it('should display controlled value', () => {
+    render(<ControlledInput value="controlled" onChange={vi.fn()} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByRole('textbox')).toHaveValue('controlled')
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Conditional Rendering Testing
+
+```typescript
+describe('ConditionalComponent', () => {
+  it('should show loading state', () => {
+    render(<DataDisplay isLoading={true} data={null} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText(/loading/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('data-content')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should show error state', () => {
+    render(<DataDisplay isLoading={false} data={null} error="Failed to load" />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText(/failed to load/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should show data when loaded', () => {
+    render(<DataDisplay isLoading={false} data={{ name: 'Test' }} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText('Test')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should show empty state when no data', () => {
+    render(<DataDisplay isLoading={false} data={[]} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText(/no data/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## List Rendering Testing
+
+```typescript
+describe('ItemList', () => {
+  const items = [
+    { id: '1', name: 'Item 1' },
+    { id: '2', name: 'Item 2' },
+    { id: '3', name: 'Item 3' },
+  ]
+
+  it('should render all items', () => {
+    render(<ItemList items={items} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getAllByRole('listitem')).toHaveLength(3)
+    items.forEach(item => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(item.name)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('should handle item selection', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    const onSelect = vi.fn()
+    
+    render(<ItemList items={items} onSelect={onSelect} />)
+    
+    await user.click(screen.getByText('Item 2'))
+    
+    expect(onSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(items[1])
+  })
+
+  it('should handle empty list', () => {
+    render(<ItemList items={[]} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText(/no items/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Modal/Dialog Testing
+
+```typescript
+describe('Modal', () => {
+  it('should not render when closed', () => {
+    render(<Modal isOpen={false} onClose={vi.fn()} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.queryByRole('dialog')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should render when open', () => {
+    render(<Modal isOpen={true} onClose={vi.fn()} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByRole('dialog')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should call onClose when clicking overlay', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    const handleClose = vi.fn()
+    
+    render(<Modal isOpen={true} onClose={handleClose} />)
+    
+    await user.click(screen.getByTestId('modal-overlay'))
+    
+    expect(handleClose).toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('should call onClose when pressing Escape', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    const handleClose = vi.fn()
+    
+    render(<Modal isOpen={true} onClose={handleClose} />)
+    
+    await user.keyboard('{Escape}')
+    
+    expect(handleClose).toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('should trap focus inside modal', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    
+    render(
+      <Modal isOpen={true} onClose={vi.fn()}>
+        <button>First</button>
+        <button>Second</button>
+      </Modal>
+    )
+    
+    // Focus should cycle within modal
+    await user.tab()
+    expect(screen.getByText('First')).toHaveFocus()
+    
+    await user.tab()
+    expect(screen.getByText('Second')).toHaveFocus()
+    
+    await user.tab()
+    expect(screen.getByText('First')).toHaveFocus() // Cycles back
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Form Testing
+
+```typescript
+describe('LoginForm', () => {
+  it('should submit valid form', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    const onSubmit = vi.fn()
+    
+    render(<LoginForm onSubmit={onSubmit} />)
+    
+    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/email/i), 'test@example.com')
+    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/password/i), 'password123')
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign in/i }))
+    
+    expect(onSubmit).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      email: 'test@example.com',
+      password: 'password123',
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('should show validation errors', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    
+    render(<LoginForm onSubmit={vi.fn()} />)
+    
+    // Submit empty form
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign in/i }))
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText(/email is required/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(screen.getByText(/password is required/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should validate email format', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    
+    render(<LoginForm onSubmit={vi.fn()} />)
+    
+    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/email/i), 'invalid-email')
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign in/i }))
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText(/invalid email/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should disable submit button while submitting', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+    const onSubmit = vi.fn(() => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100)))
+    
+    render(<LoginForm onSubmit={onSubmit} />)
+    
+    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/email/i), 'test@example.com')
+    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/password/i), 'password123')
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign in/i }))
+    
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /signing in/i })).toBeDisabled()
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign in/i })).toBeEnabled()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Data-Driven Tests with test.each
+
+```typescript
+describe('StatusBadge', () => {
+  test.each([
+    ['success', 'bg-green-500'],
+    ['warning', 'bg-yellow-500'],
+    ['error', 'bg-red-500'],
+    ['info', 'bg-blue-500'],
+  ])('should apply correct class for %s status', (status, expectedClass) => {
+    render(<StatusBadge status={status} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('status-badge')).toHaveClass(expectedClass)
+  })
+
+  test.each([
+    { input: null, expected: 'Unknown' },
+    { input: undefined, expected: 'Unknown' },
+    { input: '', expected: 'Unknown' },
+    { input: 'invalid', expected: 'Unknown' },
+  ])('should show "Unknown" for invalid input: $input', ({ input, expected }) => {
+    render(<StatusBadge status={input} />)
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText(expected)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Debugging Tips
+
+```typescript
+// Print entire DOM
+screen.debug()
+
+// Print specific element
+screen.debug(screen.getByRole('button'))
+
+// Log testing playground URL
+screen.logTestingPlaygroundURL()
+
+// Pretty print DOM
+import { prettyDOM } from '@testing-library/react'
+console.log(prettyDOM(screen.getByRole('dialog')))
+
+// Check available roles
+import { getRoles } from '@testing-library/react'
+console.log(getRoles(container))
+```
+
+## Common Mistakes to Avoid
+
+### ❌ Don't Use Implementation Details
+
+```typescript
+// Bad - testing implementation
+expect(component.state.isOpen).toBe(true)
+expect(wrapper.find('.internal-class').length).toBe(1)
+
+// Good - testing behavior
+expect(screen.getByRole('dialog')).toBeInTheDocument()
+```
+
+### ❌ Don't Forget Cleanup
+
+```typescript
+// Bad - may leak state between tests
+it('test 1', () => {
+  render(<Component />)
+})
+
+// Good - cleanup is automatic with RTL, but reset mocks
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.clearAllMocks()
+})
+```
+
+### ❌ Don't Use Exact String Matching (Prefer Black-Box Assertions)
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Bad - hardcoded strings are brittle
+expect(screen.getByText('Submit Form')).toBeInTheDocument()
+expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+// ✅ Good - role-based queries (most semantic)
+expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /submit/i })).toBeInTheDocument()
+expect(screen.getByRole('status')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+// ✅ Good - pattern matching (flexible)
+expect(screen.getByText(/submit/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+expect(screen.getByText(/loading/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+// ✅ Good - test behavior, not exact UI text
+expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled()
+expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).toBeInTheDocument()
+```
+
+**Why prefer black-box assertions?**
+
+- Text content may change (i18n, copy updates)
+- Role-based queries test accessibility
+- Pattern matching is resilient to minor changes
+- Tests focus on behavior, not implementation details
+
+### ❌ Don't Assert on Absence Without Query
+
+```typescript
+// Bad - throws if not found
+expect(screen.getByText('Error')).not.toBeInTheDocument() // Error!
+
+// Good - use queryBy for absence assertions
+expect(screen.queryByText('Error')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/domain-components.md

@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+# Domain-Specific Component Testing
+
+This guide covers testing patterns for Dify's domain-specific components.
+
+## Workflow Components (`workflow/`)
+
+Workflow components handle node configuration, data flow, and graph operations.
+
+### Key Test Areas
+
+1. **Node Configuration**
+1. **Data Validation**
+1. **Variable Passing**
+1. **Edge Connections**
+1. **Error Handling**
+
+### Example: Node Configuration Panel
+
+```typescript
+import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
+import NodeConfigPanel from './node-config-panel'
+import { createMockNode, createMockWorkflowContext } from '@/__mocks__/workflow'
+
+// Mock workflow context
+vi.mock('@/app/components/workflow/hooks', () => ({
+  useWorkflowStore: () => mockWorkflowStore,
+  useNodesInteractions: () => mockNodesInteractions,
+}))
+
+let mockWorkflowStore = {
+  nodes: [],
+  edges: [],
+  updateNode: vi.fn(),
+}
+
+let mockNodesInteractions = {
+  handleNodeSelect: vi.fn(),
+  handleNodeDelete: vi.fn(),
+}
+
+describe('NodeConfigPanel', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    mockWorkflowStore = {
+      nodes: [],
+      edges: [],
+      updateNode: vi.fn(),
+    }
+  })
+
+  describe('Node Configuration', () => {
+    it('should render node type selector', () => {
+      const node = createMockNode({ type: 'llm' })
+      render(<NodeConfigPanel node={node} />)
+      
+      expect(screen.getByLabelText(/model/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should update node config on change', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      const node = createMockNode({ type: 'llm' })
+      
+      render(<NodeConfigPanel node={node} />)
+      
+      await user.selectOptions(screen.getByLabelText(/model/i), 'gpt-4')
+      
+      expect(mockWorkflowStore.updateNode).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        node.id,
+        expect.objectContaining({ model: 'gpt-4' })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Data Validation', () => {
+    it('should show error for invalid input', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      const node = createMockNode({ type: 'code' })
+      
+      render(<NodeConfigPanel node={node} />)
+      
+      // Enter invalid code
+      const codeInput = screen.getByLabelText(/code/i)
+      await user.clear(codeInput)
+      await user.type(codeInput, 'invalid syntax {{{')
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText(/syntax error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should validate required fields', async () => {
+      const node = createMockNode({ type: 'http', data: { url: '' } })
+      
+      render(<NodeConfigPanel node={node} />)
+      
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /save/i }))
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText(/url is required/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Variable Passing', () => {
+    it('should display available variables from upstream nodes', () => {
+      const upstreamNode = createMockNode({
+        id: 'node-1',
+        type: 'start',
+        data: { outputs: [{ name: 'user_input', type: 'string' }] },
+      })
+      const currentNode = createMockNode({
+        id: 'node-2',
+        type: 'llm',
+      })
+      
+      mockWorkflowStore.nodes = [upstreamNode, currentNode]
+      mockWorkflowStore.edges = [{ source: 'node-1', target: 'node-2' }]
+      
+      render(<NodeConfigPanel node={currentNode} />)
+      
+      // Variable selector should show upstream variables
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /add variable/i }))
+      
+      expect(screen.getByText('user_input')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should insert variable into prompt template', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      const node = createMockNode({ type: 'llm' })
+      
+      render(<NodeConfigPanel node={node} />)
+      
+      // Click variable button
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /insert variable/i }))
+      await user.click(screen.getByText('user_input'))
+      
+      const promptInput = screen.getByLabelText(/prompt/i)
+      expect(promptInput).toHaveValue(expect.stringContaining('{{user_input}}'))
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Dataset Components (`dataset/`)
+
+Dataset components handle file uploads, data display, and search/filter operations.
+
+### Key Test Areas
+
+1. **File Upload**
+1. **File Type Validation**
+1. **Pagination**
+1. **Search & Filtering**
+1. **Data Format Handling**
+
+### Example: Document Uploader
+
+```typescript
+import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
+import DocumentUploader from './document-uploader'
+
+vi.mock('@/service/datasets', () => ({
+  uploadDocument: vi.fn(),
+  parseDocument: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+import * as datasetService from '@/service/datasets'
+const mockedService = vi.mocked(datasetService)
+
+describe('DocumentUploader', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  describe('File Upload', () => {
+    it('should accept valid file types', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      const onUpload = vi.fn()
+      mockedService.uploadDocument.mockResolvedValue({ id: 'doc-1' })
+      
+      render(<DocumentUploader onUpload={onUpload} />)
+      
+      const file = new File(['content'], 'test.pdf', { type: 'application/pdf' })
+      const input = screen.getByLabelText(/upload/i)
+      
+      await user.upload(input, file)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockedService.uploadDocument).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.any(FormData)
+        )
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should reject invalid file types', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      
+      render(<DocumentUploader />)
+      
+      const file = new File(['content'], 'test.exe', { type: 'application/x-msdownload' })
+      const input = screen.getByLabelText(/upload/i)
+      
+      await user.upload(input, file)
+      
+      expect(screen.getByText(/unsupported file type/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      expect(mockedService.uploadDocument).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    })
+
+    it('should show upload progress', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      
+      // Mock upload with progress
+      mockedService.uploadDocument.mockImplementation(() => {
+        return new Promise((resolve) => {
+          setTimeout(() => resolve({ id: 'doc-1' }), 100)
+        })
+      })
+      
+      render(<DocumentUploader />)
+      
+      const file = new File(['content'], 'test.pdf', { type: 'application/pdf' })
+      await user.upload(screen.getByLabelText(/upload/i), file)
+      
+      expect(screen.getByRole('progressbar')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.queryByRole('progressbar')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Error Handling', () => {
+    it('should handle upload failure', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      mockedService.uploadDocument.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Upload failed'))
+      
+      render(<DocumentUploader />)
+      
+      const file = new File(['content'], 'test.pdf', { type: 'application/pdf' })
+      await user.upload(screen.getByLabelText(/upload/i), file)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText(/upload failed/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should allow retry after failure', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      mockedService.uploadDocument
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Network error'))
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 'doc-1' })
+      
+      render(<DocumentUploader />)
+      
+      const file = new File(['content'], 'test.pdf', { type: 'application/pdf' })
+      await user.upload(screen.getByLabelText(/upload/i), file)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i })).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+      
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /retry/i }))
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText(/uploaded successfully/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### Example: Document List with Pagination
+
+```typescript
+describe('DocumentList', () => {
+  describe('Pagination', () => {
+    it('should load first page on mount', async () => {
+      mockedService.getDocuments.mockResolvedValue({
+        data: [{ id: '1', name: 'Doc 1' }],
+        total: 50,
+        page: 1,
+        pageSize: 10,
+      })
+      
+      render(<DocumentList datasetId="ds-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText('Doc 1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+      
+      expect(mockedService.getDocuments).toHaveBeenCalledWith('ds-1', { page: 1 })
+    })
+
+    it('should navigate to next page', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      mockedService.getDocuments.mockResolvedValue({
+        data: [{ id: '1', name: 'Doc 1' }],
+        total: 50,
+        page: 1,
+        pageSize: 10,
+      })
+      
+      render(<DocumentList datasetId="ds-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText('Doc 1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+      
+      mockedService.getDocuments.mockResolvedValue({
+        data: [{ id: '11', name: 'Doc 11' }],
+        total: 50,
+        page: 2,
+        pageSize: 10,
+      })
+      
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /next/i }))
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText('Doc 11')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Search & Filtering', () => {
+    it('should filter by search query', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      vi.useFakeTimers()
+      
+      render(<DocumentList datasetId="ds-1" />)
+      
+      await user.type(screen.getByPlaceholderText(/search/i), 'test query')
+      
+      // Debounce
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(300)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockedService.getDocuments).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          'ds-1',
+          expect.objectContaining({ search: 'test query' })
+        )
+      })
+      
+      vi.useRealTimers()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Configuration Components (`app/configuration/`, `config/`)
+
+Configuration components handle forms, validation, and data persistence.
+
+### Key Test Areas
+
+1. **Form Validation**
+1. **Save/Reset**
+1. **Required vs Optional Fields**
+1. **Configuration Persistence**
+1. **Error Feedback**
+
+### Example: App Configuration Form
+
+```typescript
+import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
+import AppConfigForm from './app-config-form'
+
+vi.mock('@/service/apps', () => ({
+  updateAppConfig: vi.fn(),
+  getAppConfig: vi.fn(),
+}))
+
+import * as appService from '@/service/apps'
+const mockedService = vi.mocked(appService)
+
+describe('AppConfigForm', () => {
+  const defaultConfig = {
+    name: 'My App',
+    description: '',
+    icon: 'default',
+    openingStatement: '',
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    mockedService.getAppConfig.mockResolvedValue(defaultConfig)
+  })
+
+  describe('Form Validation', () => {
+    it('should require app name', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      
+      render(<AppConfigForm appId="app-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toHaveValue('My App')
+      })
+      
+      // Clear name field
+      await user.clear(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i))
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /save/i }))
+      
+      expect(screen.getByText(/name is required/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      expect(mockedService.updateAppConfig).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    })
+
+    it('should validate name length', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      
+      render(<AppConfigForm appId="app-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+      
+      // Enter very long name
+      await user.clear(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i))
+      await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i), 'a'.repeat(101))
+      
+      expect(screen.getByText(/name must be less than 100 characters/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should allow empty optional fields', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      mockedService.updateAppConfig.mockResolvedValue({ success: true })
+      
+      render(<AppConfigForm appId="app-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toHaveValue('My App')
+      })
+      
+      // Leave description empty (optional)
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /save/i }))
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockedService.updateAppConfig).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Save/Reset Functionality', () => {
+    it('should save configuration', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      mockedService.updateAppConfig.mockResolvedValue({ success: true })
+      
+      render(<AppConfigForm appId="app-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toHaveValue('My App')
+      })
+      
+      await user.clear(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i))
+      await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i), 'Updated App')
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /save/i }))
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockedService.updateAppConfig).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          'app-1',
+          expect.objectContaining({ name: 'Updated App' })
+        )
+      })
+      
+      expect(screen.getByText(/saved successfully/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    it('should reset to default values', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      
+      render(<AppConfigForm appId="app-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toHaveValue('My App')
+      })
+      
+      // Make changes
+      await user.clear(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i))
+      await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i), 'Changed Name')
+      
+      // Reset
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /reset/i }))
+      
+      expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toHaveValue('My App')
+    })
+
+    it('should show unsaved changes warning', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      
+      render(<AppConfigForm appId="app-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toHaveValue('My App')
+      })
+      
+      // Make changes
+      await user.type(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i), ' Updated')
+      
+      expect(screen.getByText(/unsaved changes/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Error Handling', () => {
+    it('should show error on save failure', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      mockedService.updateAppConfig.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Server error'))
+      
+      render(<AppConfigForm appId="app-1" />)
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/name/i)).toHaveValue('My App')
+      })
+      
+      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /save/i }))
+      
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByText(/failed to save/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+      })
+    })
+  })
+})
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/mocking.md

@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+# Mocking Guide for Dify Frontend Tests
+
+## ⚠️ Important: What NOT to Mock
+
+### DO NOT Mock Base Components
+
+**Never mock components from `@/app/components/base/`** such as:
+
+- `Loading`, `Spinner`
+- `Button`, `Input`, `Select`
+- `Tooltip`, `Modal`, `Dropdown`
+- `Icon`, `Badge`, `Tag`
+
+**Why?**
+
+- Base components will have their own dedicated tests
+- Mocking them creates false positives (tests pass but real integration fails)
+- Using real components tests actual integration behavior
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ WRONG: Don't mock base components
+vi.mock('@/app/components/base/loading', () => () => <div>Loading</div>)
+vi.mock('@/app/components/base/button', () => ({ children }: any) => <button>{children}</button>)
+
+// ✅ CORRECT: Import and use real base components
+import Loading from '@/app/components/base/loading'
+import Button from '@/app/components/base/button'
+// They will render normally in tests
+```
+
+### What TO Mock
+
+Only mock these categories:
+
+1. **API services** (`@/service/*`) - Network calls
+1. **Complex context providers** - When setup is too difficult
+1. **Third-party libraries with side effects** - `next/navigation`, external SDKs
+1. **i18n** - Always mock to return keys
+
+### Zustand Stores - DO NOT Mock Manually
+
+**Zustand is globally mocked** in `web/vitest.setup.ts`. Use real stores with `setState()`:
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ CORRECT: Use real store, set test state
+import { useAppStore } from '@/app/components/app/store'
+
+useAppStore.setState({ appDetail: { id: 'test', name: 'Test' } })
+render(<MyComponent />)
+
+// ❌ WRONG: Don't mock the store module
+vi.mock('@/app/components/app/store', () => ({ ... }))
+```
+
+See [Zustand Store Testing](#zustand-store-testing) section for full details.
+
+## Mock Placement
+
+| Location | Purpose |
+|----------|---------|
+| `web/vitest.setup.ts` | Global mocks shared by all tests (`react-i18next`, `next/image`, `zustand`) |
+| `web/__mocks__/zustand.ts` | Zustand mock implementation (auto-resets stores after each test) |
+| `web/__mocks__/` | Reusable mock factories shared across multiple test files |
+| Test file | Test-specific mocks, inline with `vi.mock()` |
+
+Modules are not mocked automatically. Use `vi.mock` in test files, or add global mocks in `web/vitest.setup.ts`.
+
+**Note**: Zustand is special - it's globally mocked but you should NOT mock store modules manually. See [Zustand Store Testing](#zustand-store-testing).
+
+## Essential Mocks
+
+### 1. i18n (Auto-loaded via Global Mock)
+
+A global mock is defined in `web/vitest.setup.ts` and is auto-loaded by Vitest setup.
+
+The global mock provides:
+
+- `useTranslation` - returns translation keys with namespace prefix
+- `Trans` component - renders i18nKey and components
+- `useMixedTranslation` (from `@/app/components/plugins/marketplace/hooks`)
+- `useGetLanguage` (from `@/context/i18n`) - returns `'en-US'`
+
+**Default behavior**: Most tests should use the global mock (no local override needed).
+
+**For custom translations**: Use the helper function from `@/test/i18n-mock`:
+
+```typescript
+import { createReactI18nextMock } from '@/test/i18n-mock'
+
+vi.mock('react-i18next', () => createReactI18nextMock({
+  'my.custom.key': 'Custom translation',
+  'button.save': 'Save',
+}))
+```
+
+**Avoid**: Manually defining `useTranslation` mocks that just return the key - the global mock already does this.
+
+### 2. Next.js Router
+
+```typescript
+const mockPush = vi.fn()
+const mockReplace = vi.fn()
+
+vi.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
+  useRouter: () => ({
+    push: mockPush,
+    replace: mockReplace,
+    back: vi.fn(),
+    prefetch: vi.fn(),
+  }),
+  usePathname: () => '/current-path',
+  useSearchParams: () => new URLSearchParams('?key=value'),
+}))
+
+describe('Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('should navigate on click', () => {
+    render(<Component />)
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
+    expect(mockPush).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/expected-path')
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 2.1 `nuqs` Query State (Preferred: Testing Adapter)
+
+For tests that validate URL query behavior, use `NuqsTestingAdapter` instead of mocking `nuqs` directly.
+
+```typescript
+import { renderHookWithNuqs } from '@/test/nuqs-testing'
+
+it('should sync query to URL with push history', async () => {
+  const { result, onUrlUpdate } = renderHookWithNuqs(() => useMyQueryState(), {
+    searchParams: '?page=1',
+  })
+
+  act(() => {
+    result.current.setQuery({ page: 2 })
+  })
+
+  await waitFor(() => expect(onUrlUpdate).toHaveBeenCalled())
+  const update = onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[onUrlUpdate.mock.calls.length - 1][0]
+  expect(update.options.history).toBe('push')
+  expect(update.searchParams.get('page')).toBe('2')
+})
+```
+
+Use direct `vi.mock('nuqs')` only when URL synchronization is intentionally out of scope.
+
+### 3. Portal Components (with Shared State)
+
+```typescript
+// ⚠️ Important: Use shared state for components that depend on each other
+let mockPortalOpenState = false
+
+vi.mock('@/app/components/base/portal-to-follow-elem', () => ({
+  PortalToFollowElem: ({ children, open, ...props }: any) => {
+    mockPortalOpenState = open || false  // Update shared state
+    return <div data-testid="portal" data-open={open}>{children}</div>
+  },
+  PortalToFollowElemContent: ({ children }: any) => {
+    // ✅ Matches actual: returns null when portal is closed
+    if (!mockPortalOpenState) return null
+    return <div data-testid="portal-content">{children}</div>
+  },
+  PortalToFollowElemTrigger: ({ children }: any) => (
+    <div data-testid="portal-trigger">{children}</div>
+  ),
+}))
+
+describe('Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    mockPortalOpenState = false  // ✅ Reset shared state
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 4. API Service Mocks
+
+```typescript
+import * as api from '@/service/api'
+
+vi.mock('@/service/api')
+
+const mockedApi = vi.mocked(api)
+
+describe('Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+    
+    // Setup default mock implementation
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: [] })
+  })
+
+  it('should show data on success', async () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockResolvedValue({ data: [{ id: 1 }] })
+    
+    render(<Component />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('should show error on failure', async () => {
+    mockedApi.fetchData.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
+    
+    render(<Component />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(/error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 5. HTTP Mocking with Nock
+
+```typescript
+import nock from 'nock'
+
+const GITHUB_HOST = 'https://api.github.com'
+const GITHUB_PATH = '/repos/owner/repo'
+
+const mockGithubApi = (status: number, body: Record<string, unknown>, delayMs = 0) => {
+  return nock(GITHUB_HOST)
+    .get(GITHUB_PATH)
+    .delay(delayMs)
+    .reply(status, body)
+}
+
+describe('GithubComponent', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    nock.cleanAll()
+  })
+
+  it('should display repo info', async () => {
+    mockGithubApi(200, { name: 'dify', stars: 1000 })
+    
+    render(<GithubComponent />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('dify')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('should handle API error', async () => {
+    mockGithubApi(500, { message: 'Server error' })
+    
+    render(<GithubComponent />)
+    
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(/error/i)).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 6. Context Providers
+
+```typescript
+import { ProviderContext } from '@/context/provider-context'
+import { createMockProviderContextValue, createMockPlan } from '@/__mocks__/provider-context'
+
+describe('Component with Context', () => {
+  it('should render for free plan', () => {
+    const mockContext = createMockPlan('sandbox')
+    
+    render(
+      <ProviderContext.Provider value={mockContext}>
+        <Component />
+      </ProviderContext.Provider>
+    )
+    
+    expect(screen.getByText('Upgrade')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should render for pro plan', () => {
+    const mockContext = createMockPlan('professional')
+    
+    render(
+      <ProviderContext.Provider value={mockContext}>
+        <Component />
+      </ProviderContext.Provider>
+    )
+    
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Upgrade')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+### 7. React Query
+
+```typescript
+import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'
+
+const createTestQueryClient = () => new QueryClient({
+  defaultOptions: {
+    queries: { retry: false },
+    mutations: { retry: false },
+  },
+})
+
+const renderWithQueryClient = (ui: React.ReactElement) => {
+  const queryClient = createTestQueryClient()
+  return render(
+    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+      {ui}
+    </QueryClientProvider>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+## Mock Best Practices
+
+### ✅ DO
+
+1. **Use real base components** - Import from `@/app/components/base/` directly
+1. **Use real project components** - Prefer importing over mocking
+1. **Use real Zustand stores** - Set test state via `store.setState()`
+1. **Reset mocks in `beforeEach`**, not `afterEach`
+1. **Match actual component behavior** in mocks (when mocking is necessary)
+1. **Use factory functions** for complex mock data
+1. **Import actual types** for type safety
+1. **Reset shared mock state** in `beforeEach`
+
+### ❌ DON'T
+
+1. **Don't mock base components** (`Loading`, `Button`, `Tooltip`, etc.)
+1. **Don't mock Zustand store modules** - Use real stores with `setState()`
+1. Don't mock components you can import directly
+1. Don't create overly simplified mocks that miss conditional logic
+1. Don't forget to clean up nock after each test
+1. Don't use `any` types in mocks without necessity
+
+### Mock Decision Tree
+
+```
+Need to use a component in test?
+│
+├─ Is it from @/app/components/base/*?
+│  └─ YES → Import real component, DO NOT mock
+│
+├─ Is it a project component?
+│  └─ YES → Prefer importing real component
+│           Only mock if setup is extremely complex
+│
+├─ Is it an API service (@/service/*)?
+│  └─ YES → Mock it
+│
+├─ Is it a third-party lib with side effects?
+│  └─ YES → Mock it (next/navigation, external SDKs)
+│
+├─ Is it a Zustand store?
+│  └─ YES → DO NOT mock the module!
+│           Use real store + setState() to set test state
+│           (Global mock handles auto-reset)
+│
+└─ Is it i18n?
+   └─ YES → Uses shared mock (auto-loaded). Override only for custom translations
+```
+
+## Zustand Store Testing
+
+### Global Zustand Mock (Auto-loaded)
+
+Zustand is globally mocked in `web/vitest.setup.ts` following the [official Zustand testing guide](https://zustand.docs.pmnd.rs/guides/testing). The mock in `web/__mocks__/zustand.ts` provides:
+
+- Real store behavior with `getState()`, `setState()`, `subscribe()` methods
+- Automatic store reset after each test via `afterEach`
+- Proper test isolation between tests
+
+### ✅ Recommended: Use Real Stores (Official Best Practice)
+
+**DO NOT mock store modules manually.** Import and use the real store, then use `setState()` to set test state:
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ CORRECT: Use real store with setState
+import { useAppStore } from '@/app/components/app/store'
+
+describe('MyComponent', () => {
+  it('should render app details', () => {
+    // Arrange: Set test state via setState
+    useAppStore.setState({
+      appDetail: {
+        id: 'test-app',
+        name: 'Test App',
+        mode: 'chat',
+      },
+    })
+
+    // Act
+    render(<MyComponent />)
+
+    // Assert
+    expect(screen.getByText('Test App')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    // Can also verify store state directly
+    expect(useAppStore.getState().appDetail?.name).toBe('Test App')
+  })
+
+  // No cleanup needed - global mock auto-resets after each test
+})
+```
+
+### ❌ Avoid: Manual Store Module Mocking
+
+Manual mocking conflicts with the global Zustand mock and loses store functionality:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ WRONG: Don't mock the store module
+vi.mock('@/app/components/app/store', () => ({
+  useStore: (selector) => mockSelector(selector),  // Missing getState, setState!
+}))
+
+// ❌ WRONG: This conflicts with global zustand mock
+vi.mock('@/app/components/workflow/store', () => ({
+  useWorkflowStore: vi.fn(() => mockState),
+}))
+```
+
+**Problems with manual mocking:**
+
+1. Loses `getState()`, `setState()`, `subscribe()` methods
+1. Conflicts with global Zustand mock behavior
+1. Requires manual maintenance of store API
+1. Tests don't reflect actual store behavior
+
+### When Manual Store Mocking is Necessary
+
+In rare cases where the store has complex initialization or side effects, you can mock it, but ensure you provide the full store API:
+
+```typescript
+// If you MUST mock (rare), include full store API
+const mockStore = {
+  appDetail: { id: 'test', name: 'Test' },
+  setAppDetail: vi.fn(),
+}
+
+vi.mock('@/app/components/app/store', () => ({
+  useStore: Object.assign(
+    (selector: (state: typeof mockStore) => unknown) => selector(mockStore),
+    {
+      getState: () => mockStore,
+      setState: vi.fn(),
+      subscribe: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  ),
+}))
+```
+
+### Store Testing Decision Tree
+
+```
+Need to test a component using Zustand store?
+│
+├─ Can you use the real store?
+│  └─ YES → Use real store + setState (RECOMMENDED)
+│           useAppStore.setState({ ... })
+│
+├─ Does the store have complex initialization/side effects?
+│  └─ YES → Consider mocking, but include full API
+│           (getState, setState, subscribe)
+│
+└─ Are you testing the store itself (not a component)?
+   └─ YES → Test store directly with getState/setState
+            const store = useMyStore
+            store.setState({ count: 0 })
+            store.getState().increment()
+            expect(store.getState().count).toBe(1)
+```
+
+### Example: Testing Store Actions
+
+```typescript
+import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'
+
+describe('Counter Store', () => {
+  it('should increment count', () => {
+    // Initial state (auto-reset by global mock)
+    expect(useCounterStore.getState().count).toBe(0)
+
+    // Call action
+    useCounterStore.getState().increment()
+
+    // Verify state change
+    expect(useCounterStore.getState().count).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  it('should reset to initial state', () => {
+    // Set some state
+    useCounterStore.setState({ count: 100 })
+    expect(useCounterStore.getState().count).toBe(100)
+
+    // After this test, global mock will reset to initial state
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Factory Function Pattern
+
+```typescript
+// __mocks__/data-factories.ts
+import type { User, Project } from '@/types'
+
+export const createMockUser = (overrides: Partial<User> = {}): User => ({
+  id: 'user-1',
+  name: 'Test User',
+  email: 'test@example.com',
+  role: 'member',
+  createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  ...overrides,
+})
+
+export const createMockProject = (overrides: Partial<Project> = {}): Project => ({
+  id: 'project-1',
+  name: 'Test Project',
+  description: 'A test project',
+  owner: createMockUser(),
+  members: [],
+  createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  ...overrides,
+})
+
+// Usage in tests
+it('should display project owner', () => {
+  const project = createMockProject({
+    owner: createMockUser({ name: 'John Doe' }),
+  })
+  
+  render(<ProjectCard project={project} />)
+  expect(screen.getByText('John Doe')).toBeInTheDocument()
+})
+```

.agents/skills/frontend-testing/references/workflow.md

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# Testing Workflow Guide
+
+This guide defines the workflow for generating tests, especially for complex components or directories with multiple files.
+
+## Scope Clarification
+
+This guide addresses **multi-file workflow** (how to process multiple test files). For coverage requirements within a single test file, see `web/docs/test.md` § Coverage Goals.
+
+| Scope | Rule |
+|-------|------|
+| **Single file** | Complete coverage in one generation (100% function, >95% branch) |
+| **Multi-file directory** | Process one file at a time, verify each before proceeding |
+
+## ⚠️ Critical Rule: Incremental Approach for Multi-File Testing
+
+When testing a **directory with multiple files**, **NEVER generate all test files at once.** Use an incremental, verify-as-you-go approach.
+
+### Why Incremental?
+
+| Batch Approach (❌) | Incremental Approach (✅) |
+|---------------------|---------------------------|
+| Generate 5+ tests at once | Generate 1 test at a time |
+| Run tests only at the end | Run test immediately after each file |
+| Multiple failures compound | Single point of failure, easy to debug |
+| Hard to identify root cause | Clear cause-effect relationship |
+| Mock issues affect many files | Mock issues caught early |
+| Messy git history | Clean, atomic commits possible |
+
+## Single File Workflow
+
+When testing a **single component, hook, or utility**:
+
+```
+1. Read source code completely
+2. Run `pnpm analyze-component <path>` (if available)
+3. Check complexity score and features detected
+4. Write the test file
+5. Run test: `pnpm test <file>.spec.tsx`
+6. Fix any failures
+7. Verify coverage meets goals (100% function, >95% branch)
+```
+
+## Directory/Multi-File Workflow (MUST FOLLOW)
+
+When testing a **directory or multiple files**, follow this strict workflow:
+
+### Step 1: Analyze and Plan
+
+1. **List all files** that need tests in the directory
+1. **Categorize by complexity**:
+   - 🟢 **Simple**: Utility functions, simple hooks, presentational components
+   - 🟡 **Medium**: Components with state, effects, or event handlers
+   - 🔴 **Complex**: Components with API calls, routing, or many dependencies
+1. **Order by dependency**: Test dependencies before dependents
+1. **Create a todo list** to track progress
+
+### Step 2: Determine Processing Order
+
+Process files in this recommended order:
+
+```
+1. Utility functions (simplest, no React)
+2. Custom hooks (isolated logic)
+3. Simple presentational components (few/no props)
+4. Medium complexity components (state, effects)
+5. Complex components (API, routing, many deps)
+6. Container/index components (integration tests - last)
+```
+
+**Rationale**:
+
+- Simpler files help establish mock patterns
+- Hooks used by components should be tested first
+- Integration tests (index files) depend on child components working
+
+### Step 3: Process Each File Incrementally
+
+**For EACH file in the ordered list:**
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│  1. Write test file                         │
+│  2. Run: pnpm test <file>.spec.tsx          │
+│  3. If FAIL → Fix immediately, re-run       │
+│  4. If PASS → Mark complete in todo list    │
+│  5. ONLY THEN proceed to next file          │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**DO NOT proceed to the next file until the current one passes.**
+
+### Step 4: Final Verification
+
+After all individual tests pass:
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests in the directory together
+pnpm test path/to/directory/
+
+# Check coverage
+pnpm test:coverage path/to/directory/
+```
+
+## Component Complexity Guidelines
+
+Use `pnpm analyze-component <path>` to assess complexity before testing.
+
+### 🔴 Very Complex Components (Complexity > 50)
+
+**Consider refactoring BEFORE testing:**
+
+- Break component into smaller, testable pieces
+- Extract complex logic into custom hooks
+- Separate container and presentational layers
+
+**If testing as-is:**
+
+- Use integration tests for complex workflows
+- Use `test.each()` for data-driven testing
+- Multiple `describe` blocks for organization
+- Consider testing major sections separately
+
+### 🟡 Medium Complexity (Complexity 30-50)
+
+- Group related tests in `describe` blocks
+- Test integration scenarios between internal parts
+- Focus on state transitions and side effects
+- Use helper functions to reduce test complexity
+
+### 🟢 Simple Components (Complexity < 30)
+
+- Standard test structure
+- Focus on props, rendering, and edge cases
+- Usually straightforward to test
+
+### 📏 Large Files (500+ lines)
+
+Regardless of complexity score:
+
+- **Strongly consider refactoring** before testing
+- If testing as-is, test major sections separately
+- Create helper functions for test setup
+- May need multiple test files
+
+## Todo List Format
+
+When testing multiple files, use a todo list like this:
+
+```
+Testing: path/to/directory/
+
+Ordered by complexity (simple → complex):
+
+☐ utils/helper.ts           [utility, simple]
+☐ hooks/use-custom-hook.ts  [hook, simple]
+☐ empty-state.tsx           [component, simple]
+☐ item-card.tsx             [component, medium]
+☐ list.tsx                  [component, complex]
+☐ index.tsx                 [integration]
+
+Progress: 0/6 complete
+```
+
+Update status as you complete each:
+
+- ☐ → ⏳ (in progress)
+- ⏳ → ✅ (complete and verified)
+- ⏳ → ❌ (blocked, needs attention)
+
+## When to Stop and Verify
+
+**Always run tests after:**
+
+- Completing a test file
+- Making changes to fix a failure
+- Modifying shared mocks
+- Updating test utilities or helpers
+
+**Signs you should pause:**
+
+- More than 2 consecutive test failures
+- Mock-related errors appearing
+- Unclear why a test is failing
+- Test passing but coverage unexpectedly low
+
+## Common Pitfalls to Avoid
+
+### ❌ Don't: Generate Everything First
+
+```
+# BAD: Writing all files then testing
+Write component-a.spec.tsx
+Write component-b.spec.tsx  
+Write component-c.spec.tsx
+Write component-d.spec.tsx
+Run pnpm test  ← Multiple failures, hard to debug
+```
+
+### ✅ Do: Verify Each Step
+
+```
+# GOOD: Incremental with verification
+Write component-a.spec.tsx
+Run pnpm test component-a.spec.tsx ✅
+Write component-b.spec.tsx
+Run pnpm test component-b.spec.tsx ✅
+...continue...
+```
+
+### ❌ Don't: Skip Verification for "Simple" Components
+
+Even simple components can have:
+
+- Import errors
+- Missing mock setup
+- Incorrect assumptions about props
+
+**Always verify, regardless of perceived simplicity.**
+
+### ❌ Don't: Continue When Tests Fail
+
+Failing tests compound:
+
+- A mock issue in file A affects files B, C, D
+- Fixing A later requires revisiting all dependent tests
+- Time wasted on debugging cascading failures
+
+**Fix failures immediately before proceeding.**
+
+## Integration with Claude's Todo Feature
+
+When using Claude for multi-file testing:
+
+1. **Ask Claude to create a todo list** before starting
+1. **Request one file at a time** or ensure Claude processes incrementally
+1. **Verify each test passes** before asking for the next
+1. **Mark todos complete** as you progress
+
+Example prompt:
+
+```
+Test all components in `path/to/directory/`.
+First, analyze the directory and create a todo list ordered by complexity.
+Then, process ONE file at a time, waiting for my confirmation that tests pass
+before proceeding to the next.
+```
+
+## Summary Checklist
+
+Before starting multi-file testing:
+
+- [ ] Listed all files needing tests
+- [ ] Ordered by complexity (simple → complex)
+- [ ] Created todo list for tracking
+- [ ] Understand dependencies between files
+
+During testing:
+
+- [ ] Processing ONE file at a time
+- [ ] Running tests after EACH file
+- [ ] Fixing failures BEFORE proceeding
+- [ ] Updating todo list progress
+
+After completion:
+
+- [ ] All individual tests pass
+- [ ] Full directory test run passes
+- [ ] Coverage goals met
+- [ ] Todo list shows all complete

.claude/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "PreToolUse": [
+      {
+        "matcher": "Bash",
+        "hooks": [
+          {
+            "type": "command",
+            "command": "npx -y block-no-verify@1.1.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}

.claude/settings.json.example

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "permissions": {
-      "allow": [],
-      "deny": []
-    },
-    "env": {
-      "__comment": "Environment variables for MCP servers. Override in .claude/settings.local.json with actual values.",
-      "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "ghp_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
-    },
-    "enabledMcpjsonServers": [
-      "context7",
-      "sequential-thinking",
-      "github",
-      "fetch",
-      "playwright",
-      "ide"
-    ],
-    "enableAllProjectMcpServers": true
-  }

.claude/skills/backend-code-review

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/backend-code-review

.claude/skills/component-refactoring

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/component-refactoring

.claude/skills/frontend-code-review

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/frontend-code-review

.claude/skills/frontend-query-mutation

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/frontend-query-mutation

.claude/skills/frontend-testing

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/frontend-testing

.coveragerc

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[run]
+omit =
+    api/tests/*
+    api/migrations/*
+    api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/*

.cursorrules

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# Cursor Rules for Dify Project
-
-## Automated Test Generation
-
-- Use `web/testing/testing.md` as the canonical instruction set for generating frontend automated tests.
-- When proposing or saving tests, re-read that document and follow every requirement.

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 		"context": "..",
 		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
 	},
+	"mounts": [
+		"source=dify-dev-tmp,target=/tmp,type=volume"
+	],
 	"features": {
 		"ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/node:1": {
 			"nodeGypDependencies": true,
@@ -34,19 +37,13 @@
 	},
 	"postStartCommand": "./.devcontainer/post_start_command.sh",
 	"postCreateCommand": "./.devcontainer/post_create_command.sh"
-
 	// Features to add to the dev container. More info: https://containers.dev/features.
 	// "features": {},
-
 	// Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
 	// "forwardPorts": [],
-
 	// Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
 	// "postCreateCommand": "python --version",
-
 	// Configure tool-specific properties.
 	// "customizations": {},
-
 	// Uncomment to connect as root instead. More info: https://aka.ms/dev-containers-non-root.
-	// "remoteUser": "root"
-}
+}

.devcontainer/post_create_command.sh

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 WORKSPACE_ROOT=$(pwd)
 
+export COREPACK_ENABLE_DOWNLOAD_PROMPT=0
 corepack enable
 cd web && pnpm install
 pipx install uv
 
 echo "alias start-api=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/api && uv run python -m flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port=5001 --debug\"" >> ~/.bashrc
-echo "alias start-worker=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/api && uv run python -m celery -A app.celery worker -P threads -c 1 --loglevel INFO -Q dataset,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor\"" >> ~/.bashrc
-echo "alias start-web=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/web && pnpm dev\"" >> ~/.bashrc
+echo "alias start-worker=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/api && uv run python -m celery -A app.celery worker -P threads -c 1 --loglevel INFO -Q dataset,dataset_summary,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor,retention\"" >> ~/.bashrc
+echo "alias start-web=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/web && pnpm dev:inspect\"" >> ~/.bashrc
 echo "alias start-web-prod=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/web && pnpm build && pnpm start\"" >> ~/.bashrc
 echo "alias start-containers=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/docker && docker-compose -f docker-compose.middleware.yaml -p dify --env-file middleware.env up -d\"" >> ~/.bashrc
 echo "alias stop-containers=\"cd $WORKSPACE_ROOT/docker && docker-compose -f docker-compose.middleware.yaml -p dify --env-file middleware.env down\"" >> ~/.bashrc

.gemini/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+have_fun: false
+memory_config:
+  disabled: false
+code_review:
+  disable: true
+  comment_severity_threshold: MEDIUM
+  max_review_comments: -1
+  pull_request_opened:
+    help: false
+    summary: false
+    code_review: false
+    include_drafts: false
+ignore_patterns: []

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+# CODEOWNERS
+# This file defines code ownership for the Dify project.
+# Each line is a file pattern followed by one or more owners.
+# Owners can be @username, @org/team-name, or email addresses.
+# For more information, see: https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-code-owners
+
+* @crazywoola @laipz8200 @Yeuoly
+
+# CODEOWNERS file
+/.github/CODEOWNERS @laipz8200 @crazywoola
+
+# Agents
+/.agents/skills/ @hyoban
+
+# Docs
+/docs/ @crazywoola
+
+# Backend (default owner, more specific rules below will override)
+/api/ @QuantumGhost
+
+# Backend - MCP
+/api/core/mcp/ @Nov1c444
+/api/core/entities/mcp_provider.py @Nov1c444
+/api/services/tools/mcp_tools_manage_service.py @Nov1c444
+/api/controllers/mcp/ @Nov1c444
+/api/controllers/console/app/mcp_server.py @Nov1c444
+
+# Backend - Tests
+/api/tests/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+
+/api/tests/**/*mcp* @Nov1c444
+
+# Backend - Workflow - Engine (Core graph execution engine)
+/api/core/workflow/graph_engine/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+/api/core/workflow/runtime/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+/api/core/workflow/graph/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+/api/core/workflow/graph_events/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+/api/core/workflow/node_events/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+/api/dify_graph/model_runtime/ @laipz8200 @QuantumGhost
+
+# Backend - Workflow - Nodes (Agent, Iteration, Loop, LLM)
+/api/core/workflow/nodes/agent/ @Nov1c444
+/api/core/workflow/nodes/iteration/ @Nov1c444
+/api/core/workflow/nodes/loop/ @Nov1c444
+/api/core/workflow/nodes/llm/ @Nov1c444
+
+# Backend - RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation)
+/api/core/rag/ @JohnJyong
+/api/services/rag_pipeline/ @JohnJyong
+/api/services/dataset_service.py @JohnJyong
+/api/services/knowledge_service.py @JohnJyong
+/api/services/external_knowledge_service.py @JohnJyong
+/api/services/hit_testing_service.py @JohnJyong
+/api/services/metadata_service.py @JohnJyong
+/api/services/vector_service.py @JohnJyong
+/api/services/entities/knowledge_entities/ @JohnJyong
+/api/services/entities/external_knowledge_entities/ @JohnJyong
+/api/controllers/console/datasets/ @JohnJyong
+/api/controllers/service_api/dataset/ @JohnJyong
+/api/models/dataset.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/rag_pipeline/ @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/add_document_to_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/batch_clean_document_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/clean_document_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/clean_notion_document_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/document_indexing_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/document_indexing_sync_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/document_indexing_update_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/duplicate_document_indexing_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/recover_document_indexing_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/remove_document_from_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/retry_document_indexing_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/sync_website_document_indexing_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/batch_create_segment_to_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/create_segment_to_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/delete_segment_from_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/disable_segment_from_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/disable_segments_from_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/enable_segment_to_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/enable_segments_to_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/clean_dataset_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/deal_dataset_index_update_task.py @JohnJyong
+/api/tasks/deal_dataset_vector_index_task.py @JohnJyong
+
+# Backend - Plugins
+/api/core/plugin/ @Mairuis @Yeuoly @Stream29
+/api/services/plugin/ @Mairuis @Yeuoly @Stream29
+/api/controllers/console/workspace/plugin.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly @Stream29
+/api/controllers/inner_api/plugin/ @Mairuis @Yeuoly @Stream29
+/api/tasks/process_tenant_plugin_autoupgrade_check_task.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly @Stream29
+
+# Backend - Trigger/Schedule/Webhook
+/api/controllers/trigger/ @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/controllers/console/app/workflow_trigger.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/controllers/console/workspace/trigger_providers.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/core/trigger/ @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/core/app/layers/trigger_post_layer.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/services/trigger/ @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/models/trigger.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/fields/workflow_trigger_fields.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/repositories/workflow_trigger_log_repository.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/repositories/sqlalchemy_workflow_trigger_log_repository.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/libs/schedule_utils.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/services/workflow/scheduler.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/schedule/trigger_provider_refresh_task.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/schedule/workflow_schedule_task.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/tasks/trigger_processing_tasks.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/tasks/trigger_subscription_refresh_tasks.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/tasks/workflow_schedule_tasks.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/tasks/workflow_cfs_scheduler/ @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/events/event_handlers/sync_plugin_trigger_when_app_created.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/events/event_handlers/update_app_triggers_when_app_published_workflow_updated.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/events/event_handlers/sync_workflow_schedule_when_app_published.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/events/event_handlers/sync_webhook_when_app_created.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+
+# Backend - Async Workflow
+/api/services/async_workflow_service.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+/api/tasks/async_workflow_tasks.py @Mairuis @Yeuoly
+
+# Backend - Billing
+/api/services/billing_service.py @hj24 @zyssyz123
+/api/controllers/console/billing/ @hj24 @zyssyz123
+
+# Backend - Enterprise
+/api/configs/enterprise/ @GarfieldDai @GareArc
+/api/services/enterprise/ @GarfieldDai @GareArc
+/api/services/feature_service.py @GarfieldDai @GareArc
+/api/controllers/console/feature.py @GarfieldDai @GareArc
+/api/controllers/web/feature.py @GarfieldDai @GareArc
+
+# Backend - Database Migrations
+/api/migrations/ @snakevash @laipz8200 @MRZHUH
+
+# Backend - Vector DB Middleware
+/api/configs/middleware/vdb/* @JohnJyong
+
+# Frontend
+/web/ @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - Web Tests
+/.github/workflows/web-tests.yml @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - App - Orchestration
+/web/app/components/workflow/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/app/components/workflow-app/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/app/components/app/configuration/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/app/components/app/app-publisher/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Frontend - WebApp - Chat
+/web/app/components/base/chat/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Frontend - WebApp - Completion
+/web/app/components/share/text-generation/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Frontend - App - List and Creation
+/web/app/components/apps/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/create-app-dialog/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/create-app-modal/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/create-from-dsl-modal/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - App - API Documentation
+/web/app/components/develop/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - App - Logs and Annotations
+/web/app/components/app/workflow-log/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/log/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/log-annotation/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/annotation/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - App - Monitoring
+/web/app/(commonLayout)/app/(appDetailLayout)/\[appId\]/overview/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/overview/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - App - Settings
+/web/app/components/app-sidebar/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - RAG - Hit Testing
+/web/app/components/datasets/hit-testing/ @JzoNgKVO @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - RAG - List and Creation
+/web/app/components/datasets/list/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+/web/app/components/datasets/create/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+/web/app/components/datasets/create-from-pipeline/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+/web/app/components/datasets/external-knowledge-base/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+
+# Frontend - RAG - Orchestration (general rule first, specific rules below override)
+/web/app/components/rag-pipeline/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+/web/app/components/rag-pipeline/components/rag-pipeline-main.tsx @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/app/components/rag-pipeline/store/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Frontend - RAG - Documents List
+/web/app/components/datasets/documents/list.tsx @iamjoel @WTW0313
+/web/app/components/datasets/documents/create-from-pipeline/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+
+# Frontend - RAG - Segments List
+/web/app/components/datasets/documents/detail/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+
+# Frontend - RAG - Settings
+/web/app/components/datasets/settings/ @iamjoel @WTW0313
+
+# Frontend - Ecosystem - Plugins
+/web/app/components/plugins/ @iamjoel @zhsama
+
+# Frontend - Ecosystem - Tools
+/web/app/components/tools/ @iamjoel @Yessenia-d
+
+# Frontend - Ecosystem - MarketPlace
+/web/app/components/plugins/marketplace/ @iamjoel @Yessenia-d
+
+# Frontend - Login and Registration
+/web/app/signin/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/signup/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/reset-password/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/install/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/init/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/forgot-password/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/account/ @douxc @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - Service Authentication
+/web/service/base.ts @douxc @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - WebApp Authentication and Access Control
+/web/app/(shareLayout)/components/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/(shareLayout)/webapp-signin/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/(shareLayout)/webapp-reset-password/ @douxc @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/app/app-access-control/ @douxc @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - Explore Page
+/web/app/components/explore/ @CodingOnStar @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - Personal Settings
+/web/app/components/header/account-setting/ @CodingOnStar @iamjoel
+/web/app/components/header/account-dropdown/ @CodingOnStar @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - Analytics
+/web/app/components/base/ga/ @CodingOnStar @iamjoel
+
+# Frontend - Base Components
+/web/app/components/base/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Frontend - Base Components Tests
+/web/app/components/base/**/*.spec.tsx @hyoban @CodingOnStar
+
+# Frontend - Utils and Hooks
+/web/utils/classnames.ts @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/utils/time.ts @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/utils/format.ts @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/utils/clipboard.ts @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/hooks/use-document-title.ts @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Frontend - Billing and Education
+/web/app/components/billing/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+/web/app/education-apply/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Frontend - Workspace
+/web/app/components/header/account-dropdown/workplace-selector/ @iamjoel @zxhlyh
+
+# Docker
+/docker/* @laipz8200

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/refactor.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-name: "✨ Refactor"
-description: Refactor existing code for improved readability and maintainability.
-title: "[Chore/Refactor] "
-labels:
-  - refactor
+name: "✨ Refactor or Chore"
+description: Refactor existing code or perform maintenance chores to improve readability and reliability.
+title: "[Refactor/Chore] "
 body:
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
@@ -11,7 +9,7 @@ body:
       options:
         - label: I have read the [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and [Language Policy](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/issues/1542).
           required: true
-        - label: This is only for refactoring, if you would like to ask a question, please head to [Discussions](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/discussions/categories/general).
+        - label: This is only for refactors or chores; if you would like to ask a question, please head to [Discussions](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/discussions/categories/general).
           required: true
         - label: I have searched for existing issues [search for existing issues](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/issues), including closed ones.
           required: true
@@ -25,14 +23,14 @@ body:
     id: description
     attributes:
       label: Description
-      placeholder: "Describe the refactor you are proposing."
+      placeholder: "Describe the refactor or chore you are proposing."
     validations:
       required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: motivation
     attributes:
       label: Motivation
-      placeholder: "Explain why this refactor is necessary."
+      placeholder: "Explain why this refactor or chore is necessary."
     validations:
       required: false
   - type: textarea

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/tracker.yml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-name: "👾 Tracker"
-description: For inner usages, please do not use this template.
-title: "[Tracker] "
-labels:
-  - tracker
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: content
-    attributes:
-      label: Blockers
-      placeholder: "- [ ] ..."
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/actions/setup-web/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+name: Setup Web Environment
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Setup Vite+
+      uses: voidzero-dev/setup-vp@20553a7a7429c429a74894104a2835d7fed28a72 # v1.3.0
+      with:
+        working-directory: web
+        node-version-file: .nvmrc
+        cache: true
+        run-install: true

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Copilot Instructions
-
-GitHub Copilot must follow the unified frontend testing requirements documented in `web/testing/testing.md`.
-
-Key reminders:
-
-- Generate tests using the mandated tech stack, naming, and code style (AAA pattern, `fireEvent`, descriptive test names, cleans up mocks).
-- Cover rendering, prop combinations, and edge cases by default; extend coverage for hooks, routing, async flows, and domain-specific components when applicable.
-- Target >95% line and branch coverage and 100% function/statement coverage.
-- Apply the project's mocking conventions for i18n, toast notifications, and Next.js utilities.
-
-Any suggestions from Copilot that conflict with `web/testing/testing.md` should be revised before acceptance.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,212 @@
 version: 2
+
 updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
-    directory: "/web"
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/api"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    open-pull-requests-limit: 2
+    groups:
+      flask:
+        patterns:
+          - "flask"
+          - "flask-*"
+          - "werkzeug"
+          - "gunicorn"
+      google:
+        patterns:
+          - "google-*"
+          - "googleapis-*"
+      opentelemetry:
+        patterns:
+          - "opentelemetry-*"
+      pydantic:
+        patterns:
+          - "pydantic"
+          - "pydantic-*"
+      llm:
+        patterns:
+          - "langfuse"
+          - "langsmith"
+          - "litellm"
+          - "mlflow*"
+          - "opik"
+          - "weave*"
+          - "arize*"
+          - "tiktoken"
+          - "transformers"
+      database:
+        patterns:
+          - "sqlalchemy"
+          - "psycopg2*"
+          - "psycogreen"
+          - "redis*"
+          - "alembic*"
+      storage:
+        patterns:
+          - "boto3*"
+          - "botocore*"
+          - "azure-*"
+          - "bce-*"
+          - "cos-python-*"
+          - "esdk-obs-*"
+          - "google-cloud-storage"
+          - "opendal"
+          - "oss2"
+          - "supabase*"
+          - "tos*"
+      vdb:
+        patterns:
+          - "alibabacloud*"
+          - "chromadb"
+          - "clickhouse-*"
+          - "clickzetta-*"
+          - "couchbase"
+          - "elasticsearch"
+          - "opensearch-py"
+          - "oracledb"
+          - "pgvect*"
+          - "pymilvus"
+          - "pymochow"
+          - "pyobvector"
+          - "qdrant-client"
+          - "intersystems-*"
+          - "tablestore"
+          - "tcvectordb"
+          - "tidb-vector"
+          - "upstash-*"
+          - "volcengine-*"
+          - "weaviate-*"
+          - "xinference-*"
+          - "mo-vector"
+          - "mysql-connector-*"
+      dev:
+        patterns:
+          - "coverage"
+          - "dotenv-linter"
+          - "faker"
+          - "lxml-stubs"
+          - "basedpyright"
+          - "ruff"
+          - "pytest*"
+          - "types-*"
+          - "boto3-stubs"
+          - "hypothesis"
+          - "pandas-stubs"
+          - "scipy-stubs"
+          - "import-linter"
+          - "celery-types"
+          - "mypy*"
+          - "pyrefly"
+      python-packages:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
   - package-ecosystem: "uv"
     directory: "/api"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    open-pull-requests-limit: 2
+    groups:
+      flask:
+        patterns:
+          - "flask"
+          - "flask-*"
+          - "werkzeug"
+          - "gunicorn"
+      google:
+        patterns:
+          - "google-*"
+          - "googleapis-*"
+      opentelemetry:
+        patterns:
+          - "opentelemetry-*"
+      pydantic:
+        patterns:
+          - "pydantic"
+          - "pydantic-*"
+      llm:
+        patterns:
+          - "langfuse"
+          - "langsmith"
+          - "litellm"
+          - "mlflow*"
+          - "opik"
+          - "weave*"
+          - "arize*"
+          - "tiktoken"
+          - "transformers"
+      database:
+        patterns:
+          - "sqlalchemy"
+          - "psycopg2*"
+          - "psycogreen"
+          - "redis*"
+          - "alembic*"
+      storage:
+        patterns:
+          - "boto3*"
+          - "botocore*"
+          - "azure-*"
+          - "bce-*"
+          - "cos-python-*"
+          - "esdk-obs-*"
+          - "google-cloud-storage"
+          - "opendal"
+          - "oss2"
+          - "supabase*"
+          - "tos*"
+      vdb:
+        patterns:
+          - "alibabacloud*"
+          - "chromadb"
+          - "clickhouse-*"
+          - "clickzetta-*"
+          - "couchbase"
+          - "elasticsearch"
+          - "opensearch-py"
+          - "oracledb"
+          - "pgvect*"
+          - "pymilvus"
+          - "pymochow"
+          - "pyobvector"
+          - "qdrant-client"
+          - "intersystems-*"
+          - "tablestore"
+          - "tcvectordb"
+          - "tidb-vector"
+          - "upstash-*"
+          - "volcengine-*"
+          - "weaviate-*"
+          - "xinference-*"
+          - "mo-vector"
+          - "mysql-connector-*"
+      dev:
+        patterns:
+          - "coverage"
+          - "dotenv-linter"
+          - "faker"
+          - "lxml-stubs"
+          - "basedpyright"
+          - "ruff"
+          - "pytest*"
+          - "types-*"
+          - "boto3-stubs"
+          - "hypothesis"
+          - "pandas-stubs"
+          - "scipy-stubs"
+          - "import-linter"
+          - "celery-types"
+          - "mypy*"
+          - "pyrefly"
+      python-packages:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 5
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    groups:
+      github-actions-dependencies:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+web:
+  - changed-files:
+      - any-glob-to-any-file: 'web/**'

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@
 - [x] I understand that this PR may be closed in case there was no previous discussion or issues. (This doesn't apply to typos!)
 - [x] I've added a test for each change that was introduced, and I tried as much as possible to make a single atomic change.
 - [x] I've updated the documentation accordingly.
-- [x] I ran `dev/reformat`(backend) and `cd web && npx lint-staged`(frontend) to appease the lint gods
+- [x] I ran `make lint` and `make type-check` (backend) and `cd web && npx lint-staged` (frontend) to appease the lint gods

.github/workflows/anti-slop.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+name: Anti-Slop PR Check
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, edited, synchronize]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  anti-slop:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: peakoss/anti-slop@85daca1880e9e1af197fc06ea03349daf08f4202 # v0.2.1
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          close-pr: false
+          failure-add-pr-labels: "needs-revision"

.github/workflows/api-tests.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@ name: Run Pytest
 
 on:
   workflow_call:
+    secrets:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN:
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 concurrency:
   group: api-tests-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -11,6 +17,8 @@ jobs:
   test:
     name: API Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
@@ -22,12 +30,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -39,12 +48,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: uv sync --project api --dev
 
-      - name: Run pyrefly check
-        run: |
-          cd api
-          uv add --dev pyrefly
-          uv run pyrefly check || true
-
       - name: Run dify config tests
         run: uv run --project api dev/pytest/pytest_config_tests.py
 
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
         run: sh .github/workflows/expose_service_ports.sh
 
       - name: Set up Sandbox
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml
@@ -71,27 +74,26 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cp api/tests/integration_tests/.env.example api/tests/integration_tests/.env
 
-      - name: Run Workflow
-        run: uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_workflow.sh
-
-      - name: Run Tool
-        run: uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_tools.sh
-
-      - name: Run TestContainers
-        run: uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_testcontainers.sh
-
-      - name: Run Unit tests
+      - name: Run API Tests
+        env:
+          STORAGE_TYPE: opendal
+          OPENDAL_SCHEME: fs
+          OPENDAL_FS_ROOT: /tmp/dify-storage
         run: |
-          uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh
-
-      - name: Coverage Summary
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          # Extract coverage percentage and create a summary
-          TOTAL_COVERAGE=$(python -c 'import json; print(json.load(open("coverage.json"))["totals"]["percent_covered_display"])')
-
-          # Create a detailed coverage summary
-          echo "### Test Coverage Summary :test_tube:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Total Coverage: ${TOTAL_COVERAGE}%" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          uv run --project api coverage report --format=markdown >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          uv run --project api pytest \
+            -n auto \
+            --timeout "${PYTEST_TIMEOUT:-180}" \
+            api/tests/integration_tests/workflow \
+            api/tests/integration_tests/tools \
+            api/tests/test_containers_integration_tests \
+            api/tests/unit_tests
 
+      - name: Report coverage
+        if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' && matrix.python-version == '3.12' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@1af58845a975a7985b0beb0cbe6fbbb71a41dbad # v5.5.3
+        with:
+          files: ./coverage.xml
+          disable_search: true
+          flags: api
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/autofix.yml

@@ -12,13 +12,43 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
 
-      # Use uv to ensure we have the same ruff version in CI and locally.
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+      - name: Check Docker Compose inputs
+        id: docker-compose-changes
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
+        with:
+          files: |
+            docker/generate_docker_compose
+            docker/.env.example
+            docker/docker-compose-template.yaml
+            docker/docker-compose.yaml
+      - name: Check web inputs
+        id: web-changes
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
+        with:
+          files: |
+            web/**
+      - name: Check api inputs
+        id: api-changes
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
+        with:
+          files: |
+            api/**
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
-      - run: |
+
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
+
+      - name: Generate Docker Compose
+        if: steps.docker-compose-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: |
+          cd docker
+          ./generate_docker_compose
+
+      - if: steps.api-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: |
           cd api
           uv sync --dev
           # fmt first to avoid line too long
@@ -29,16 +59,19 @@ jobs:
           uv run ruff format ..
 
       - name: count migration progress
+        if: steps.api-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: |
           cd api
           ./cnt_base.sh
 
       - name: ast-grep
+        if: steps.api-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: |
-          uvx --from ast-grep-cli sg --pattern 'db.session.query($WHATEVER).filter($HERE)' --rewrite 'db.session.query($WHATEVER).where($HERE)' -l py --update-all
-          uvx --from ast-grep-cli sg --pattern 'session.query($WHATEVER).filter($HERE)' --rewrite 'session.query($WHATEVER).where($HERE)' -l py --update-all
-          uvx --from ast-grep-cli sg -p '$A = db.Column($$$B)' -r '$A = mapped_column($$$B)' -l py --update-all
-          uvx --from ast-grep-cli sg -p '$A : $T = db.Column($$$B)' -r '$A : $T = mapped_column($$$B)' -l py --update-all
+          # ast-grep exits 1 if no matches are found; allow idempotent runs.
+          uvx --from ast-grep-cli ast-grep --pattern 'db.session.query($WHATEVER).filter($HERE)' --rewrite 'db.session.query($WHATEVER).where($HERE)' -l py --update-all || true
+          uvx --from ast-grep-cli ast-grep --pattern 'session.query($WHATEVER).filter($HERE)' --rewrite 'session.query($WHATEVER).where($HERE)' -l py --update-all || true
+          uvx --from ast-grep-cli ast-grep -p '$A = db.Column($$$B)' -r '$A = mapped_column($$$B)' -l py --update-all || true
+          uvx --from ast-grep-cli ast-grep -p '$A : $T = db.Column($$$B)' -r '$A : $T = mapped_column($$$B)' -l py --update-all || true
           # Convert Optional[T] to T | None (ignoring quoted types)
           cat > /tmp/optional-rule.yml << 'EOF'
           id: convert-optional-to-union
@@ -56,35 +89,19 @@ jobs:
                     pattern: $T
           fix: $T | None
           EOF
-          uvx --from ast-grep-cli sg scan --inline-rules "$(cat /tmp/optional-rule.yml)" --update-all
+          uvx --from ast-grep-cli ast-grep scan . --inline-rules "$(cat /tmp/optional-rule.yml)" --update-all
           # Fix forward references that were incorrectly converted (Python doesn't support "Type" | None syntax)
           find . -name "*.py" -type f -exec sed -i.bak -E 's/"([^"]+)" \| None/Optional["\1"]/g; s/'"'"'([^'"'"']+)'"'"' \| None/Optional['"'"'\1'"'"']/g' {} \;
           find . -name "*.py.bak" -type f -delete
 
-      - name: mdformat
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        if: steps.web-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: ESLint autofix
+        if: steps.web-changes.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: |
-          uvx mdformat .
+          cd web
+          vp exec eslint --concurrency=2 --prune-suppressions --quiet || true
 
-      - name: Install pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          package_json_file: web/package.json
-          run_install: false
-
-      - name: Setup NodeJS
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: ./web/package.json
-
-      - name: Web dependencies
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
-
-      - name: oxlint
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: |
-          pnpx oxlint --fix
-
-      - uses: autofix-ci/action@635ffb0c9798bd160680f18fd73371e355b85f27
+      - uses: autofix-ci/action@7a166d7532b277f34e16238930461bf77f9d7ed8 # v1.3.3

.github/workflows/build-push.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ on:
       - "build/**"
       - "release/e-*"
       - "hotfix/**"
+      - "feat/hitl-backend"
     tags:
       - "*"
 
@@ -52,26 +53,26 @@ jobs:
           echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Extract metadata for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
         with:
           images: ${{ env[matrix.image_name_env] }}
 
       - name: Build Docker image
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
         with:
           context: "{{defaultContext}}:${{ matrix.context }}"
           platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ jobs:
           touch "/tmp/digests/${sanitized_digest}"
 
       - name: Upload digest
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: digests-${{ matrix.context }}-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
           path: /tmp/digests/*
@@ -112,21 +113,21 @@ jobs:
             context: "web"
     steps:
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
           path: /tmp/digests
           pattern: digests-${{ matrix.context }}-*
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USER }}
           password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Extract metadata for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@030e881283bb7a6894de51c315a6bfe6a94e05cf # v6.0.0
         with:
           images: ${{ env[matrix.image_name_env] }}
           tags: |

.github/workflows/db-migration-test.yml

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
           cp middleware.env.example middleware.env
 
       - name: Set up Middlewares
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           sed -i 's/DB_USERNAME=postgres/DB_USERNAME=mysql/' middleware.env
 
       - name: Set up Middlewares
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.middleware.yaml

.github/workflows/deploy-agent-dev.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Deploy Agent Dev
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Build and Push API & Web"]
+    branches:
+      - "deploy/agent-dev"
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: |
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'deploy/agent-dev'
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to server
+        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@0ff4204d59e8e51228ff73bce53f80d53301dee2 # v1.2.5
+        with:
+          host: ${{ secrets.AGENT_DEV_SSH_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}
+          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          script: |
+            ${{ vars.SSH_SCRIPT || secrets.SSH_SCRIPT }}

.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
       github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'deploy/dev'
     steps:
       - name: Deploy to server
-        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v0.1.8
+        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@0ff4204d59e8e51228ff73bce53f80d53301dee2 # v1.2.5
         with:
           host: ${{ secrets.SSH_HOST }}
           username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}

.github/workflows/deploy-hitl.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: Deploy HITL
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Build and Push API & Web"]
+    branches:
+      - "build/feat/hitl"
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: |
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'build/feat/hitl'
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to server
+        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@0ff4204d59e8e51228ff73bce53f80d53301dee2 # v1.2.5
+        with:
+          host: ${{ secrets.HITL_SSH_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}
+          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          script: |
+            ${{ vars.SSH_SCRIPT || secrets.SSH_SCRIPT }}

.github/workflows/deploy-trigger-dev.yml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-name: Deploy Trigger Dev
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-on:
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows: ["Build and Push API & Web"]
-    branches:
-      - "deploy/trigger-dev"
-    types:
-      - completed
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: |
-      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
-      github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'deploy/trigger-dev'
-    steps:
-      - name: Deploy to server
-        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v0.1.8
-        with:
-          host: ${{ secrets.TRIGGER_SSH_HOST }}
-          username: ${{ secrets.SSH_USER }}
-          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          script: |
-            ${{ vars.SSH_SCRIPT || secrets.SSH_SCRIPT }}

.github/workflows/docker-build.yml

@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ jobs:
             context: "web"
     steps:
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Build Docker Image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
         with:
           push: false
           context: "{{defaultContext}}:${{ matrix.context }}"

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: "Pull Request Labeler"
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+
+jobs:
+  labeler:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/labeler@634933edcd8ababfe52f92936142cc22ac488b1b # v6.0.1
+        with:
+          sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/main-ci.yml

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ jobs:
       vdb-changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.vdb }}
       migration-changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.migration }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@fbd0ab8f3e69293af611ebaee6363fc25e6d187d # v4.0.1
         id: changes
         with:
           filters: |
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ jobs:
               - '.github/workflows/api-tests.yml'
             web:
               - 'web/**'
+              - '.github/workflows/web-tests.yml'
+              - '.github/actions/setup-web/**'
             vdb:
               - 'api/core/rag/datasource/**'
               - 'docker/**'
@@ -54,12 +56,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: check-changes
     if: needs.check-changes.outputs.api-changed == 'true'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/api-tests.yml
+    secrets: inherit
 
   web-tests:
     name: Web Tests
     needs: check-changes
     if: needs.check-changes.outputs.web-changed == 'true'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/web-tests.yml
+    secrets: inherit
 
   style-check:
     name: Style Check

.github/workflows/pyrefly-diff-comment.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+name: Comment with Pyrefly Diff
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows:
+      - Pyrefly Diff Check
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  comment:
+    name: Comment PR with pyrefly diff
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' && github.event.workflow_run.pull_requests[0].head.repo.full_name != github.repository }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Download pyrefly diff artifact
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            const artifacts = await github.rest.actions.listWorkflowRunArtifacts({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }},
+            });
+            const match = artifacts.data.artifacts.find((artifact) =>
+              artifact.name === 'pyrefly_diff'
+            );
+            if (!match) {
+              throw new Error('pyrefly_diff artifact not found');
+            }
+            const download = await github.rest.actions.downloadArtifact({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              artifact_id: match.id,
+              archive_format: 'zip',
+            });
+            fs.writeFileSync('pyrefly_diff.zip', Buffer.from(download.data));
+
+      - name: Unzip artifact
+        run: unzip -o pyrefly_diff.zip
+
+      - name: Post comment
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            let diff = fs.readFileSync('pyrefly_diff.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' });
+            let prNumber = null;
+            try {
+              prNumber = parseInt(fs.readFileSync('pr_number.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' }), 10);
+            } catch (err) {
+              // Fallback to workflow_run payload if artifact is missing or incomplete.
+              const prs = context.payload.workflow_run.pull_requests || [];
+              if (prs.length > 0 && prs[0].number) {
+                prNumber = prs[0].number;
+              }
+            }
+            if (!prNumber) {
+              throw new Error('PR number not found in artifact or workflow_run payload');
+            }
+
+            const MAX_CHARS = 65000;
+            if (diff.length > MAX_CHARS) {
+              diff = diff.slice(0, MAX_CHARS);
+              diff = diff.slice(0, diff.lastIndexOf('\\n'));
+              diff += '\\n\\n... (truncated) ...';
+            }
+
+            const body = diff.trim()
+              ? '### Pyrefly Diff\n<details>\n<summary>base → PR</summary>\n\n```diff\n' + diff + '\n```\n</details>'
+              : '### Pyrefly Diff\nNo changes detected.';
+
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              body,
+            });

.github/workflows/pyrefly-diff.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+name: Pyrefly Diff Check
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'api/**/*.py'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  pyrefly-diff:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout PR branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Python & UV
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --project api --dev
+
+      - name: Prepare diagnostics extractor
+        run: |
+          git show ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}:api/libs/pyrefly_diagnostics.py > /tmp/pyrefly_diagnostics.py
+
+      - name: Run pyrefly on PR branch
+        run: |
+          uv run --directory api --dev pyrefly check 2>&1 \
+            | uv run --directory api python /tmp/pyrefly_diagnostics.py > /tmp/pyrefly_pr.txt || true
+
+      - name: Checkout base branch
+        run: git checkout ${{ github.base_ref }}
+
+      - name: Run pyrefly on base branch
+        run: |
+          uv run --directory api --dev pyrefly check 2>&1 \
+            | uv run --directory api python /tmp/pyrefly_diagnostics.py > /tmp/pyrefly_base.txt || true
+
+      - name: Compute diff
+        run: |
+          diff -u /tmp/pyrefly_base.txt /tmp/pyrefly_pr.txt > pyrefly_diff.txt || true
+
+      - name: Save PR number
+        run: |
+          echo ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} > pr_number.txt
+
+      - name: Upload pyrefly diff
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          name: pyrefly_diff
+          path: |
+            pyrefly_diff.txt
+            pr_number.txt
+
+      - name: Comment PR with pyrefly diff
+        if: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            let diff = fs.readFileSync('pyrefly_diff.txt', { encoding: 'utf8' });
+            const prNumber = context.payload.pull_request.number;
+
+            const MAX_CHARS = 65000;
+            if (diff.length > MAX_CHARS) {
+              diff = diff.slice(0, MAX_CHARS);
+              diff = diff.slice(0, diff.lastIndexOf('\n'));
+              diff += '\n\n... (truncated) ...';
+            }
+
+            const body = diff.trim()
+              ? [
+                  '### Pyrefly Diff',
+                  '<details>',
+                  '<summary>base → PR</summary>',
+                  '',
+                  '```diff',
+                  diff,
+                  '```',
+                  '</details>',
+                ].join('\n')
+              : '### Pyrefly Diff\nNo changes detected.';
+
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              body,
+            });

.github/workflows/semantic-pull-request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Semantic Pull Request
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - edited
+      - reopened
+      - synchronize
+
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    name: Validate PR title
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: read
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Check title
+        uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@48f256284bd46cdaab1048c3721360e808335d50 # v6.1.1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v5
+      - uses: actions/stale@b5d41d4e1d5dceea10e7104786b73624c18a190f # v10.2.0
         with:
           days-before-issue-stale: 15
           days-before-issue-close: 3

.github/workflows/style.yml

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
           files: |
             api/**
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
         with:
           enable-cache: false
           python-version: "3.12"
@@ -47,13 +47,9 @@ jobs:
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         run: uv run --directory api --dev lint-imports
 
-      - name: Run Basedpyright Checks
+      - name: Run Type Checks
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        run: dev/basedpyright-check
-
-      - name: Run Mypy Type Checks
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        run: uv --directory api run mypy --exclude-gitignore --exclude 'tests/' --exclude 'migrations/' --check-untyped-defs --disable-error-code=import-untyped .
+        run: make type-check
 
       - name: Dotenv check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
@@ -65,78 +61,65 @@ jobs:
     defaults:
       run:
         working-directory: ./web
+    permissions:
+      checks: write
+      pull-requests: read
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
-          files: web/**
+          files: |
+            web/**
+            .github/workflows/style.yml
+            .github/actions/setup-web/**
 
-      - name: Install pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          package_json_file: web/package.json
-          run_install: false
-
-      - name: Setup NodeJS
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      - name: Setup web environment
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: ./web/package.json
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
 
-      - name: Web dependencies
+      - name: Restore ESLint cache
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+        id: eslint-cache-restore
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
+        with:
+          path: web/.eslintcache
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-web-eslint-${{ hashFiles('web/package.json', 'web/pnpm-lock.yaml', 'web/eslint.config.mjs', 'web/eslint.constants.mjs', 'web/plugins/eslint/**') }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-web-eslint-${{ hashFiles('web/package.json', 'web/pnpm-lock.yaml', 'web/eslint.config.mjs', 'web/eslint.constants.mjs', 'web/plugins/eslint/**') }}-
 
       - name: Web style check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         working-directory: ./web
-        run: |
-          pnpm run lint
+        run: vp run lint:ci
+
+      - name: Web tsslint
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        working-directory: ./web
+        run: vp run lint:tss
 
       - name: Web type check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run type-check
+        run: vp run type-check
 
-  docker-compose-template:
-    name: Docker Compose Template
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-
-      - name: Check changed files
-        id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
-        with:
-          files: |
-            docker/generate_docker_compose
-            docker/.env.example
-            docker/docker-compose-template.yaml
-            docker/docker-compose.yaml
-
-      - name: Generate Docker Compose
+      - name: Web dead code check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        run: |
-          cd docker
-          ./generate_docker_compose
+        working-directory: ./web
+        run: vp run knip
 
-      - name: Check for changes
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        run: git diff --exit-code
+      - name: Save ESLint cache
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true' && success() && steps.eslint-cache-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
+        with:
+          path: web/.eslintcache
+          key: ${{ steps.eslint-cache-restore.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
 
   superlinter:
     name: SuperLinter
@@ -144,14 +127,14 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
           files: |
             **.sh
@@ -162,7 +145,7 @@ jobs:
             .editorconfig
 
       - name: Super-linter
-        uses: super-linter/super-linter/slim@v8
+        uses: super-linter/super-linter/slim@61abc07d755095a68f4987d1c2c3d1d64408f1f9 # v8.5.0
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         env:
           BASH_SEVERITY: warning

.github/workflows/tool-test-sdks.yaml

@@ -16,23 +16,19 @@ jobs:
     name: unit test for Node.js SDK
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        node-version: [16, 18, 20, 22]
-
     defaults:
       run:
         working-directory: sdks/nodejs-client
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      - name: Use Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6.3.0
         with:
-          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+          node-version: 22
           cache: ''
           cache-dependency-path: 'pnpm-lock.yaml'
 

.github/workflows/translate-i18n-base-on-english.yml

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-name: Check i18n Files and Create PR
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - 'web/i18n/en-US/*.ts'
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-  pull-requests: write
-
-jobs:
-  check-and-update:
-    if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        working-directory: web
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Check for file changes in i18n/en-US
-        id: check_files
-        run: |
-          git fetch origin "${{ github.event.before }}" || true
-          git fetch origin "${{ github.sha }}" || true
-          changed_files=$(git diff --name-only "${{ github.event.before }}" "${{ github.sha }}" -- 'i18n/en-US/*.ts')
-          echo "Changed files: $changed_files"
-          if [ -n "$changed_files" ]; then
-            echo "FILES_CHANGED=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            file_args=""
-            for file in $changed_files; do
-              filename=$(basename "$file" .ts)
-              file_args="$file_args --file $filename"
-            done
-            echo "FILE_ARGS=$file_args" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "File arguments: $file_args"
-          else
-            echo "FILES_CHANGED=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          fi
-
-      - name: Install pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          package_json_file: web/package.json
-          run_install: false
-
-      - name: Set up Node.js
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: 'lts/*'
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: ./web/package.json
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
-
-      - name: Generate i18n translations
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run auto-gen-i18n ${{ env.FILE_ARGS }}
-
-      - name: Generate i18n type definitions
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run gen:i18n-types
-
-      - name: Create Pull Request
-        if: env.FILES_CHANGED == 'true'
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          commit-message: Update i18n files and type definitions based on en-US changes
-          title: 'chore: translate i18n files and update type definitions'
-          body: |
-            This PR was automatically created to update i18n files and TypeScript type definitions based on changes in en-US locale.
-            
-            **Changes included:**
-            - Updated translation files for all locales
-            - Regenerated TypeScript type definitions for type safety
-          branch: chore/automated-i18n-updates

.github/workflows/translate-i18n-claude.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+name: Translate i18n Files with Claude Code
+
+# Note: claude-code-action doesn't support push events directly.
+# Push events are handled by trigger-i18n-sync.yml which sends repository_dispatch.
+# See: https://github.com/langgenius/dify/issues/30743
+
+on:
+  repository_dispatch:
+    types: [i18n-sync]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      files:
+        description: 'Specific files to translate (space-separated, e.g., "app common"). Leave empty for all files.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      languages:
+        description: 'Specific languages to translate (space-separated, e.g., "zh-Hans ja-JP"). Leave empty for all supported languages.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      mode:
+        description: 'Sync mode: incremental (only changes) or full (re-check all keys)'
+        required: false
+        default: 'incremental'
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - incremental
+          - full
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  translate:
+    if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Configure Git
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: Detect changed files and generate diff
+        id: detect_changes
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            # Manual trigger
+            if [ -n "${{ github.event.inputs.files }}" ]; then
+              echo "CHANGED_FILES=${{ github.event.inputs.files }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            else
+              # Get all JSON files in en-US directory
+              files=$(ls web/i18n/en-US/*.json 2>/dev/null | xargs -n1 basename | sed 's/.json$//' | tr '\n' ' ')
+              echo "CHANGED_FILES=$files" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            fi
+            echo "TARGET_LANGS=${{ github.event.inputs.languages }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "SYNC_MODE=${{ github.event.inputs.mode || 'incremental' }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+            # For manual trigger with incremental mode, get diff from last commit
+            # For full mode, we'll do a complete check anyway
+            if [ "${{ github.event.inputs.mode }}" == "full" ]; then
+              echo "Full mode: will check all keys" > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt
+              echo "DIFF_AVAILABLE=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            else
+              git diff HEAD~1..HEAD -- 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json' > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "" > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt
+              if [ -s /tmp/i18n-diff.txt ]; then
+                echo "DIFF_AVAILABLE=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+              else
+                echo "DIFF_AVAILABLE=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+              fi
+            fi
+          elif [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "repository_dispatch" ]; then
+            # Triggered by push via trigger-i18n-sync.yml workflow
+            # Validate required payload fields
+            if [ -z "${{ github.event.client_payload.changed_files }}" ]; then
+              echo "Error: repository_dispatch payload missing required 'changed_files' field" >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "CHANGED_FILES=${{ github.event.client_payload.changed_files }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "TARGET_LANGS=" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "SYNC_MODE=${{ github.event.client_payload.sync_mode || 'incremental' }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+            # Decode the base64-encoded diff from the trigger workflow
+            if [ -n "${{ github.event.client_payload.diff_base64 }}" ]; then
+              if ! echo "${{ github.event.client_payload.diff_base64 }}" | base64 -d > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt 2>&1; then
+                echo "Warning: Failed to decode base64 diff payload" >&2
+                echo "" > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt
+                echo "DIFF_AVAILABLE=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+              elif [ -s /tmp/i18n-diff.txt ]; then
+                echo "DIFF_AVAILABLE=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+              else
+                echo "DIFF_AVAILABLE=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+              fi
+            else
+              echo "" > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt
+              echo "DIFF_AVAILABLE=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            fi
+          else
+            echo "Unsupported event type: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          # Truncate diff if too large (keep first 50KB)
+          if [ -f /tmp/i18n-diff.txt ]; then
+            head -c 50000 /tmp/i18n-diff.txt > /tmp/i18n-diff-truncated.txt
+            mv /tmp/i18n-diff-truncated.txt /tmp/i18n-diff.txt
+          fi
+
+          echo "Detected files: $(cat $GITHUB_OUTPUT | grep CHANGED_FILES || echo 'none')"
+
+      - name: Run Claude Code for Translation Sync
+        if: steps.detect_changes.outputs.CHANGED_FILES != ''
+        uses: anthropics/claude-code-action@ff9acae5886d41a99ed4ec14b7dc147d55834722 # v1.0.77
+        with:
+          anthropic_api_key: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          # Allow github-actions bot to trigger this workflow via repository_dispatch
+          # See: https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code-action/blob/main/docs/usage.md
+          allowed_bots: 'github-actions[bot]'
+          prompt: |
+            You are a professional i18n synchronization engineer for the Dify project.
+            Your task is to keep all language translations in sync with the English source (en-US).
+
+            ## CRITICAL TOOL RESTRICTIONS
+            - Use **Read** tool to read files (NOT cat or bash)
+            - Use **Edit** tool to modify JSON files (NOT node, jq, or bash scripts)
+            - Use **Bash** ONLY for: git commands, gh commands, pnpm commands
+            - Run bash commands ONE BY ONE, never combine with && or ||
+            - NEVER use `$()` command substitution - it's not supported. Split into separate commands instead.
+
+            ## WORKING DIRECTORY & ABSOLUTE PATHS
+            Claude Code sandbox working directory may vary. Always use absolute paths:
+            - For pnpm: `pnpm --dir ${{ github.workspace }}/web <command>`
+            - For git: `git -C ${{ github.workspace }} <command>`
+            - For gh: `gh --repo ${{ github.repository }} <command>`
+            - For file paths: `${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n/`
+
+            ## EFFICIENCY RULES
+            - **ONE Edit per language file** - batch all key additions into a single Edit
+            - Insert new keys at the beginning of JSON (after `{`), lint:fix will sort them
+            - Translate ALL keys for a language mentally first, then do ONE Edit
+
+            ## Context
+            - Changed/target files: ${{ steps.detect_changes.outputs.CHANGED_FILES }}
+            - Target languages (empty means all supported): ${{ steps.detect_changes.outputs.TARGET_LANGS }}
+            - Sync mode: ${{ steps.detect_changes.outputs.SYNC_MODE }}
+            - Translation files are located in: ${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n/{locale}/{filename}.json
+            - Language configuration is in: ${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n-config/languages.ts
+            - Git diff is available: ${{ steps.detect_changes.outputs.DIFF_AVAILABLE }}
+
+            ## CRITICAL DESIGN: Verify First, Then Sync
+
+            You MUST follow this three-phase approach:
+
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+            ║  PHASE 1: VERIFY - Analyze and Generate Change Report       ║
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+            ### Step 1.1: Analyze Git Diff (for incremental mode)
+            Use the Read tool to read `/tmp/i18n-diff.txt` to see the git diff.
+
+            Parse the diff to categorize changes:
+            - Lines with `+` (not `+++`): Added or modified values
+            - Lines with `-` (not `---`): Removed or old values
+            - Identify specific keys for each category:
+              * ADD: Keys that appear only in `+` lines (new keys)
+              * UPDATE: Keys that appear in both `-` and `+` lines (value changed)
+              * DELETE: Keys that appear only in `-` lines (removed keys)
+
+            ### Step 1.2: Read Language Configuration
+            Use the Read tool to read `${{ github.workspace }}/web/i18n-config/languages.ts`.
+            Extract all languages with `supported: true`.
+
+            ### Step 1.3: Run i18n:check for Each Language
+            ```bash
+            pnpm --dir ${{ github.workspace }}/web install --frozen-lockfile
+            ```
+            ```bash
+            pnpm --dir ${{ github.workspace }}/web run i18n:check
+            ```
+
+            This will report:
+            - Missing keys (need to ADD)
+            - Extra keys (need to DELETE)
+
+            ### Step 1.4: Generate Change Report
+
+            Create a structured report identifying:
+            ```
+            ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
+            ║                    I18N SYNC CHANGE REPORT                   ║
+            ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+            ║ Files to process: [list]                                     ║
+            ║ Languages to sync: [list]                                    ║
+            ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+            ║ ADD (New Keys):                                              ║
+            ║   - [filename].[key]: "English value"                        ║
+            ║   ...                                                        ║
+            ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+            ║ UPDATE (Modified Keys - MUST re-translate):                  ║
+            ║   - [filename].[key]: "Old value" → "New value"              ║
+            ║   ...                                                        ║
+            ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+            ║ DELETE (Extra Keys):                                         ║
+            ║   - [language]/[filename].[key]                              ║
+            ║   ...                                                        ║
+            ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
+            ```
+
+            **IMPORTANT**: For UPDATE detection, compare git diff to find keys where
+            the English value changed. These MUST be re-translated even if target
+            language already has a translation (it's now stale!).
+
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+            ║  PHASE 2: SYNC - Execute Changes Based on Report            ║
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+            ### Step 2.1: Process ADD Operations (BATCH per language file)
+
+            **CRITICAL WORKFLOW for efficiency:**
+            1. First, translate ALL new keys for ALL languages mentally
+            2. Then, for EACH language file, do ONE Edit operation:
+               - Read the file once
+               - Insert ALL new keys at the beginning (right after the opening `{`)
+               - Don't worry about alphabetical order - lint:fix will sort them later
+
+            Example Edit (adding 3 keys to zh-Hans/app.json):
+            ```
+            old_string: '{\n  "accessControl"'
+            new_string: '{\n  "newKey1": "translation1",\n  "newKey2": "translation2",\n  "newKey3": "translation3",\n  "accessControl"'
+            ```
+
+            **IMPORTANT**:
+            - ONE Edit per language file (not one Edit per key!)
+            - Always use the Edit tool. NEVER use bash scripts, node, or jq.
+
+            ### Step 2.2: Process UPDATE Operations
+
+            **IMPORTANT: Special handling for zh-Hans and ja-JP**
+            If zh-Hans or ja-JP files were ALSO modified in the same push:
+            - Run: `git -C ${{ github.workspace }} diff HEAD~1 --name-only` and check for zh-Hans or ja-JP files
+            - If found, it means someone manually translated them. Apply these rules:
+
+            1. **Missing keys**: Still ADD them (completeness required)
+            2. **Existing translations**: Compare with the NEW English value:
+               - If translation is **completely wrong** or **unrelated** → Update it
+               - If translation is **roughly correct** (captures the meaning) → Keep it, respect manual work
+               - When in doubt, **keep the manual translation**
+
+            Example:
+            - English changed: "Save" → "Save Changes"
+            - Manual translation: "保存更改" → Keep it (correct meaning)
+            - Manual translation: "删除" → Update it (completely wrong)
+
+            For other languages:
+            Use Edit tool to replace the old value with the new translation.
+            You can batch multiple updates in one Edit if they are adjacent.
+
+            ### Step 2.3: Process DELETE Operations
+            For extra keys reported by i18n:check:
+            - Run: `pnpm --dir ${{ github.workspace }}/web run i18n:check --auto-remove`
+            - Or manually remove from target language JSON files
+
+            ## Translation Guidelines
+
+            - PRESERVE all placeholders exactly as-is:
+              - `{{variable}}` - Mustache interpolation
+              - `${variable}` - Template literal
+              - `<tag>content</tag>` - HTML tags
+              - `_one`, `_other` - Pluralization suffixes (these are KEY suffixes, not values)
+
+              **CRITICAL: Variable names and tag names MUST stay in English - NEVER translate them**
+
+              ✅ CORRECT examples:
+              - English: "{{count}} items" → Japanese: "{{count}} 個のアイテム"
+              - English: "{{name}} updated" → Korean: "{{name}} 업데이트됨"
+              - English: "<email>{{email}}</email>" → Chinese: "<email>{{email}}</email>"
+              - English: "<CustomLink>Marketplace</CustomLink>" → Japanese: "<CustomLink>マーケットプレイス</CustomLink>"
+
+              ❌ WRONG examples (NEVER do this - will break the application):
+              - "{{count}}" → "{{カウント}}" ❌ (variable name translated to Japanese)
+              - "{{name}}" → "{{이름}}" ❌ (variable name translated to Korean)
+              - "{{email}}" → "{{邮箱}}" ❌ (variable name translated to Chinese)
+              - "<email>" → "<メール>" ❌ (tag name translated)
+              - "<CustomLink>" → "<自定义链接>" ❌ (component name translated)
+
+            - Use appropriate language register (formal/informal) based on existing translations
+            - Match existing translation style in each language
+            - Technical terms: check existing conventions per language
+            - For CJK languages: no spaces between characters unless necessary
+            - For RTL languages (ar-TN, fa-IR): ensure proper text handling
+
+            ## Output Format Requirements
+            - Alphabetical key ordering (if original file uses it)
+            - 2-space indentation
+            - Trailing newline at end of file
+            - Valid JSON (use proper escaping for special characters)
+
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+            ║  PHASE 3: RE-VERIFY - Confirm All Issues Resolved           ║
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+            ### Step 3.1: Run Lint Fix (IMPORTANT!)
+            ```bash
+            pnpm --dir ${{ github.workspace }}/web lint:fix --quiet -- 'i18n/**/*.json'
+            ```
+            This ensures:
+            - JSON keys are sorted alphabetically (jsonc/sort-keys rule)
+            - Valid i18n keys (dify-i18n/valid-i18n-keys rule)
+            - No extra keys (dify-i18n/no-extra-keys rule)
+
+            ### Step 3.2: Run Final i18n Check
+            ```bash
+            pnpm --dir ${{ github.workspace }}/web run i18n:check
+            ```
+
+            ### Step 3.3: Fix Any Remaining Issues
+            If check reports issues:
+            - Go back to PHASE 2 for unresolved items
+            - Repeat until check passes
+
+            ### Step 3.4: Generate Final Summary
+            ```
+            ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
+            ║                    SYNC COMPLETED SUMMARY                    ║
+            ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+            ║ Language      │ Added │ Updated │ Deleted │ Status          ║
+            ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+            ║ zh-Hans       │  5    │   2     │    1    │ ✓ Complete      ║
+            ║ ja-JP         │  5    │   2     │    1    │ ✓ Complete      ║
+            ║ ...           │ ...   │  ...    │   ...   │ ...             ║
+            ╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
+            ║ i18n:check    │ PASSED - All keys in sync                   ║
+            ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
+            ```
+
+            ## Mode-Specific Behavior
+
+            **SYNC_MODE = "incremental"** (default):
+            - Focus on keys identified from git diff
+            - Also check i18n:check output for any missing/extra keys
+            - Efficient for small changes
+
+            **SYNC_MODE = "full"**:
+            - Compare ALL keys between en-US and each language
+            - Run i18n:check to identify all discrepancies
+            - Use for first-time sync or fixing historical issues
+
+            ## Important Notes
+
+            1. Always run i18n:check BEFORE and AFTER making changes
+            2. The check script is the source of truth for missing/extra keys
+            3. For UPDATE scenario: git diff is the source of truth for changed values
+            4. Create a single commit with all translation changes
+            5. If any translation fails, continue with others and report failures
+
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+            ║  PHASE 4: COMMIT AND CREATE PR                              ║
+            ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+            After all translations are complete and verified:
+
+            ### Step 4.1: Check for changes
+            ```bash
+            git -C ${{ github.workspace }} status --porcelain
+            ```
+
+            If there are changes:
+
+            ### Step 4.2: Create a new branch and commit
+            Run these git commands ONE BY ONE (not combined with &&).
+            **IMPORTANT**: Do NOT use `$()` command substitution. Use two separate commands:
+
+            1. First, get the timestamp:
+            ```bash
+            date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S
+            ```
+            (Note the output, e.g., "20260115-143052")
+
+            2. Then create branch using the timestamp value:
+            ```bash
+            git -C ${{ github.workspace }} checkout -b chore/i18n-sync-20260115-143052
+            ```
+            (Replace "20260115-143052" with the actual timestamp from step 1)
+
+            3. Stage changes:
+            ```bash
+            git -C ${{ github.workspace }} add web/i18n/
+            ```
+
+            4. Commit:
+            ```bash
+            git -C ${{ github.workspace }} commit -m "chore(i18n): sync translations with en-US - Mode: ${{ steps.detect_changes.outputs.SYNC_MODE }}"
+            ```
+
+            5. Push:
+            ```bash
+            git -C ${{ github.workspace }} push origin HEAD
+            ```
+
+            ### Step 4.3: Create Pull Request
+            ```bash
+            gh pr create --repo ${{ github.repository }} --title "chore(i18n): sync translations with en-US" --body "## Summary
+
+            This PR was automatically generated to sync i18n translation files.
+
+            ### Changes
+            - Mode: ${{ steps.detect_changes.outputs.SYNC_MODE }}
+            - Files processed: ${{ steps.detect_changes.outputs.CHANGED_FILES }}
+
+            ### Verification
+            - [x] \`i18n:check\` passed
+            - [x] \`lint:fix\` applied
+
+            🤖 Generated with Claude Code GitHub Action" --base main
+            ```
+
+          claude_args: |
+            --max-turns 150
+            --allowedTools "Read,Write,Edit,Bash(git *),Bash(git:*),Bash(gh *),Bash(gh:*),Bash(pnpm *),Bash(pnpm:*),Bash(date *),Bash(date:*),Glob,Grep"

.github/workflows/trigger-i18n-sync.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+name: Trigger i18n Sync on Push
+
+# This workflow bridges the push event to repository_dispatch
+# because claude-code-action doesn't support push events directly.
+# See: https://github.com/langgenius/dify/issues/30743
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths:
+      - 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  trigger:
+    if: github.repository == 'langgenius/dify'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Detect changed files and generate diff
+        id: detect
+        run: |
+          BEFORE_SHA="${{ github.event.before }}"
+          # Handle edge case: force push may have null/zero SHA
+          if [ -z "$BEFORE_SHA" ] || [ "$BEFORE_SHA" = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000" ]; then
+            BEFORE_SHA="HEAD~1"
+          fi
+
+          # Detect changed i18n files
+          changed=$(git diff --name-only "$BEFORE_SHA" "${{ github.sha }}" -- 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json' 2>/dev/null | xargs -n1 basename 2>/dev/null | sed 's/.json$//' | tr '\n' ' ' || echo "")
+          echo "changed_files=$changed" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+          # Generate diff for context
+          git diff "$BEFORE_SHA" "${{ github.sha }}" -- 'web/i18n/en-US/*.json' > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "" > /tmp/i18n-diff.txt
+
+          # Truncate if too large (keep first 50KB to match receiving workflow)
+          head -c 50000 /tmp/i18n-diff.txt > /tmp/i18n-diff-truncated.txt
+          mv /tmp/i18n-diff-truncated.txt /tmp/i18n-diff.txt
+
+          # Base64 encode the diff for safe JSON transport (portable, single-line)
+          diff_base64=$(base64 < /tmp/i18n-diff.txt | tr -d '\n')
+          echo "diff_base64=$diff_base64" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+          if [ -n "$changed" ]; then
+            echo "has_changes=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "Detected changed files: $changed"
+          else
+            echo "has_changes=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "No i18n changes detected"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Trigger i18n sync workflow
+        if: steps.detect.outputs.has_changes == 'true'
+        uses: peter-evans/repository-dispatch@28959ce8df70de7be546dd1250a005dd32156697 # v4.0.1
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          event-type: i18n-sync
+          client-payload: '{"changed_files": "${{ steps.detect.outputs.changed_files }}", "diff_base64": "${{ steps.detect.outputs.diff_base64 }}", "sync_mode": "incremental", "trigger_sha": "${{ github.sha }}"}'

.github/workflows/vdb-tests.yml

@@ -19,19 +19,19 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Free Disk Space
-        uses: endersonmenezes/free-disk-space@v2
+        uses: endersonmenezes/free-disk-space@7901478139cff6e9d44df5972fd8ab8fcade4db1 # v3.2.2
         with:
           remove_dotnet: true
           remove_haskell: true
           remove_tool_cache: true
 
       - name: Setup UV and Python
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
 #            tiflash
 
       - name: Set up Vector Stores (Weaviate, Qdrant, PGVector, Milvus, PgVecto-RS, Chroma, MyScale, ElasticSearch, Couchbase, OceanBase)
-        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@v2.0.2
+        uses: hoverkraft-tech/compose-action@4894d2492015c1774ee5a13a95b1072093087ec3 # v2.5.0
         with:
           compose-file: |
             docker/docker-compose.yaml

.github/workflows/web-tests.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@ name: Web Tests
 
 on:
   workflow_call:
+    secrets:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN:
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 concurrency:
   group: web-tests-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -9,7 +15,84 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: Web Tests
+    name: Web Tests (${{ matrix.shardIndex }}/${{ matrix.shardTotal }})
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      VITEST_COVERAGE_SCOPE: app-components
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        shardIndex: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+        shardTotal: [6]
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ./web
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: vp test run --reporter=blob --shard=${{ matrix.shardIndex }}/${{ matrix.shardTotal }} --coverage
+
+      - name: Upload blob report
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          name: blob-report-${{ matrix.shardIndex }}
+          path: web/.vitest-reports/*
+          include-hidden-files: true
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  merge-reports:
+    name: Merge Test Reports
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+    needs: [test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ./web
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Setup web environment
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
+
+      - name: Download blob reports
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          path: web/.vitest-reports
+          pattern: blob-report-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Merge reports
+        run: vp test --merge-reports --coverage --silent=passed-only
+
+      - name: Report coverage
+        if: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN != '' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@1af58845a975a7985b0beb0cbe6fbbb71a41dbad # v5.5.3
+        with:
+          directory: web/coverage
+          flags: web
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ env.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+
+  web-build:
+    name: Web Build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -17,42 +100,24 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@22103cc46bda19c2b464ffe86db46df6922fd323 # v47.0.5
         with:
-          files: web/**
+          files: |
+            web/**
+            .github/workflows/web-tests.yml
+            .github/actions/setup-web/**
 
-      - name: Install pnpm
+      - name: Setup web environment
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          package_json_file: web/package.json
-          run_install: false
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-web
 
-      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: ./web/package.json
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
+      - name: Web build check
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
-
-      - name: Check i18n types synchronization
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm run check:i18n-types
-
-      - name: Run tests
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
-        working-directory: ./web
-        run: pnpm test
+        run: vp run build

.gitignore

@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ pyrightconfig.json
 .idea/'
 
 .DS_Store
-web/.vscode/settings.json
 
 # Intellij IDEA Files
 .idea/*
@@ -189,12 +188,14 @@ docker/volumes/matrixone/*
 docker/volumes/mysql/*
 docker/volumes/seekdb/*
 !docker/volumes/oceanbase/init.d
+docker/volumes/iris/*
 
 docker/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
 docker/nginx/ssl/*
 !docker/nginx/ssl/.gitkeep
 docker/middleware.env
 docker/docker-compose.override.yaml
+docker/env-backup/*
 
 sdks/python-client/build
 sdks/python-client/dist
@@ -204,7 +205,6 @@ sdks/python-client/dify_client.egg-info
 !.vscode/launch.json.template
 !.vscode/README.md
 api/.vscode
-web/.vscode
 # vscode Code History Extension
 .history
 
@@ -219,18 +219,10 @@ plugins.jsonl
 # mise
 mise.toml
 
-# Next.js build output
-.next/
-
-# PWA generated files
-web/public/sw.js
-web/public/sw.js.map
-web/public/workbox-*.js
-web/public/workbox-*.js.map
-web/public/fallback-*.js
 
 # AI Assistant
 .roo/
+/.claude/worktrees/
 api/.env.backup
 /clickzetta
 
@@ -244,3 +236,7 @@ scripts/stress-test/reports/
 
 # settings
 *.local.json
+*.local.md
+
+# Code Agent Folder
+.qoder/*

.mcp.json

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "mcpServers": {
-      "context7": {
-        "type": "http",
-        "url": "https://mcp.context7.com/mcp"
-      },
-      "sequential-thinking": {
-        "type": "stdio",
-        "command": "npx",
-        "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-sequential-thinking"],
-        "env": {}
-      },
-      "github": {
-        "type": "stdio",
-        "command": "npx",
-        "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
-        "env": {
-          "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN}"
-        }
-      },
-      "fetch": {
-        "type": "stdio",
-        "command": "uvx",
-        "args": ["mcp-server-fetch"],
-        "env": {}
-      },
-      "playwright": {
-        "type": "stdio",
-        "command": "npx",
-        "args": ["-y", "@playwright/mcp@latest"],
-        "env": {}
-      }
-    }
-  }

.vscode/launch.json.template

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
                 "-c",
                 "1",
                 "-Q",
-                "dataset,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor",
+                "dataset,dataset_summary,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor,retention,workflow_based_app_execution",
                 "--loglevel",
                 "INFO"
             ],

.windsurf/rules/testing.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Windsurf Testing Rules
-
-- Use `web/testing/testing.md` as the single source of truth for frontend automated testing.
-- Honor every requirement in that document when generating or accepting tests.
-- When proposing or saving tests, re-read that document and follow every requirement.

AGENTS.md

@@ -7,27 +7,18 @@ Dify is an open-source platform for developing LLM applications with an intuitiv
 The codebase is split into:
 
 - **Backend API** (`/api`): Python Flask application organized with Domain-Driven Design
-- **Frontend Web** (`/web`): Next.js 15 application using TypeScript and React 19
+- **Frontend Web** (`/web`): Next.js application using TypeScript and React
 - **Docker deployment** (`/docker`): Containerized deployment configurations
 
 ## Backend Workflow
 
+- Read `api/AGENTS.md` for details
 - Run backend CLI commands through `uv run --project api <command>`.
-
-- Before submission, all backend modifications must pass local checks: `make lint`, `make type-check`, and `uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh`.
-
-- Use Makefile targets for linting and formatting; `make lint` and `make type-check` cover the required checks.
-
 - Integration tests are CI-only and are not expected to run in the local environment.
 
 ## Frontend Workflow
 
-```bash
-cd web
-pnpm lint
-pnpm lint:fix
-pnpm test
-```
+- Read `web/AGENTS.md` for details
 
 ## Testing & Quality Practices
 
@@ -38,8 +29,8 @@ pnpm test
 
 ## Language Style
 
-- **Python**: Keep type hints on functions and attributes, and implement relevant special methods (e.g., `__repr__`, `__str__`).
-- **TypeScript**: Use the strict config, lean on ESLint + Prettier workflows, and avoid `any` types.
+- **Python**: Keep type hints on functions and attributes, and implement relevant special methods (e.g., `__repr__`, `__str__`). Prefer `TypedDict` over `dict` or `Mapping` for type safety and better code documentation.
+- **TypeScript**: Use the strict config, rely on ESLint (`pnpm lint:fix` preferred) plus `pnpm type-check:tsgo`, and avoid `any` types.
 
 ## General Practices
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ How we prioritize:
 
 For setting up the frontend service, please refer to our comprehensive [guide](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/blob/main/web/README.md) in the `web/README.md` file. This document provides detailed instructions to help you set up the frontend environment properly.
 
-**Testing**: All React components must have comprehensive test coverage. See [web/testing/testing.md](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/blob/main/web/testing/testing.md) for the canonical frontend testing guidelines and follow every requirement described there.
+**Testing**: All React components must have comprehensive test coverage. See [web/docs/test.md](https://github.com/langgenius/dify/blob/main/web/docs/test.md) for the canonical frontend testing guidelines and follow every requirement described there.
 
 #### Backend
 
@@ -97,3 +97,8 @@ Feel free to reach out if you encounter any issues during the setup process.
 ## Getting Help
 
 If you ever get stuck or get a burning question while contributing, simply shoot your queries our way via the related GitHub issue, or hop onto our [Discord](https://discord.gg/8Tpq4AcN9c) for a quick chat.
+
+## Automated Agent Contributions
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> If you are an automated agent， just add 🤖🤖🤖 to the end of the PR title to opt-in.

Makefile

@@ -60,19 +60,28 @@ check:
 	@echo "✅ Code check complete"
 
 lint:
-	@echo "🔧 Running ruff format, check with fixes, and import linter..."
-	@uv run --project api --dev sh -c 'ruff format ./api && ruff check --fix ./api'
+	@echo "🔧 Running ruff format, check with fixes, import linter, and dotenv-linter..."
+	@uv run --project api --dev ruff format ./api
+	@uv run --project api --dev ruff check --fix ./api
 	@uv run --directory api --dev lint-imports
+	@uv run --project api --dev dotenv-linter ./api/.env.example ./web/.env.example
 	@echo "✅ Linting complete"
 
 type-check:
-	@echo "📝 Running type check with basedpyright..."
-	@uv run --directory api --dev basedpyright
-	@echo "✅ Type check complete"
+	@echo "📝 Running type checks (basedpyright + pyrefly + mypy)..."
+	@./dev/basedpyright-check $(PATH_TO_CHECK)
+	@./dev/pyrefly-check-local
+	@uv --directory api run mypy --exclude-gitignore --exclude 'tests/' --exclude 'migrations/' --check-untyped-defs --disable-error-code=import-untyped .
+	@echo "✅ Type checks complete"
 
 test:
 	@echo "🧪 Running backend unit tests..."
-	@uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh
+	@if [ -n "$(TARGET_TESTS)" ]; then \
+		echo "Target: $(TARGET_TESTS)"; \
+		uv run --project api --dev pytest $(TARGET_TESTS); \
+	else \
+		PYTEST_XDIST_ARGS="-n auto" uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh; \
+	fi
 	@echo "✅ Tests complete"
 
 # Build Docker images
@@ -122,9 +131,9 @@ help:
 	@echo "Backend Code Quality:"
 	@echo "  make format         - Format code with ruff"
 	@echo "  make check          - Check code with ruff"
-	@echo "  make lint           - Format and fix code with ruff"
-	@echo "  make type-check     - Run type checking with basedpyright"
-	@echo "  make test           - Run backend unit tests"
+	@echo "  make lint           - Format, fix, and lint code (ruff, imports, dotenv)"
+	@echo "  make type-check     - Run type checks (basedpyright, pyrefly, mypy)"
+	@echo "  make test           - Run backend unit tests (or TARGET_TESTS=./api/tests/<target_tests>)"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Docker Build Targets:"
 	@echo "  make build-web      - Build web Docker image"

README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 ![cover-v5-optimized](./images/GitHub_README_if.png)
 
-<p align="center">
-  📌 <a href="https://dify.ai/blog/introducing-dify-workflow-file-upload-a-demo-on-ai-podcast">Introducing Dify Workflow File Upload: Recreate Google NotebookLM Podcast</a>
-</p>
-
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://cloud.dify.ai">Dify Cloud</a> ·
   <a href="https://docs.dify.ai/getting-started/install-self-hosted">Self-hosting</a> ·
@@ -36,6 +32,12 @@
         <img alt="Issues closed" src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues-search?query=repo%3Alanggenius%2Fdify%20is%3Aclosed&label=issues%20closed&labelColor=%20%237d89b0&color=%20%235d6b98"></a>
     <a href="https://github.com/langgenius/dify/discussions/" target="_blank">
         <img alt="Discussion posts" src="https://img.shields.io/github/discussions/langgenius/dify?labelColor=%20%239b8afb&color=%20%237a5af8"></a>
+    <a href="https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/project/langgenius-dify" target="_blank">
+        <img alt="LFX Health Score" src="https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/api/badge/health-score?project=langgenius-dify"></a>
+    <a href="https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/project/langgenius-dify" target="_blank">
+        <img alt="LFX Contributors" src="https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/api/badge/contributors?project=langgenius-dify"></a>
+    <a href="https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/project/langgenius-dify" target="_blank">
+        <img alt="LFX Active Contributors" src="https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/api/badge/active-contributors?project=langgenius-dify"></a>
 </p>
 
 <p align="center">
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@
   <a href="./docs/bn-BD/README.md"><img alt="README in বাংলা" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/বাংলা-d9d9d9"></a>
 </p>
 
-Dify is an open-source platform for developing LLM applications. Its intuitive interface combines agentic AI workflows, RAG pipelines, agent capabilities, model management, observability features, and more—allowing you to quickly move from prototype to production.
+Dify is an open-source LLM app development platform. Its intuitive interface combines AI workflow, RAG pipeline, agent capabilities, model management, observability features (including [Opik](https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/integrations/dify), [Langfuse](https://docs.langfuse.com), and [Arize Phoenix](https://docs.arize.com/phoenix)) and more, letting you quickly go from prototype to production. Here's a list of the core features:
 
 ## Quick start
 
@@ -131,7 +133,20 @@ Star Dify on GitHub and be instantly notified of new releases.
 
 ### Custom configurations
 
-If you need to customize the configuration, please refer to the comments in our [.env.example](docker/.env.example) file and update the corresponding values in your `.env` file. Additionally, you might need to make adjustments to the `docker-compose.yaml` file itself, such as changing image versions, port mappings, or volume mounts, based on your specific deployment environment and requirements. After making any changes, please re-run `docker-compose up -d`. You can find the full list of available environment variables [here](https://docs.dify.ai/getting-started/install-self-hosted/environments).
+If you need to customize the configuration, please refer to the comments in our [.env.example](docker/.env.example) file and update the corresponding values in your `.env` file. Additionally, you might need to make adjustments to the `docker-compose.yaml` file itself, such as changing image versions, port mappings, or volume mounts, based on your specific deployment environment and requirements. After making any changes, please re-run `docker compose up -d`. You can find the full list of available environment variables [here](https://docs.dify.ai/getting-started/install-self-hosted/environments).
+
+#### Customizing Suggested Questions
+
+You can now customize the "Suggested Questions After Answer" feature to better fit your use case. For example, to generate longer, more technical questions:
+
+```bash
+# In your .env file
+SUGGESTED_QUESTIONS_PROMPT='Please help me predict the five most likely technical follow-up questions a developer would ask. Focus on implementation details, best practices, and architecture considerations. Keep each question between 40-60 characters. Output must be JSON array: ["question1","question2","question3","question4","question5"]'
+SUGGESTED_QUESTIONS_MAX_TOKENS=512
+SUGGESTED_QUESTIONS_TEMPERATURE=0.3
+```
+
+See the [Suggested Questions Configuration Guide](docs/suggested-questions-configuration.md) for detailed examples and usage instructions.
 
 ### Metrics Monitoring with Grafana
 

api/.env.example

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ APP_WEB_URL=http://localhost:3000
 # Files URL
 FILES_URL=http://localhost:5001
 
-# INTERNAL_FILES_URL is used for plugin daemon communication within Docker network.
-# Set this to the internal Docker service URL for proper plugin file access.
-# Example: INTERNAL_FILES_URL=http://api:5001
-INTERNAL_FILES_URL=http://127.0.0.1:5001
+# INTERNAL_FILES_URL is used by services running in Docker to reach the API file endpoints.
+# For Docker Desktop (Mac/Windows), use http://host.docker.internal:5001 when the API runs on the host.
+# For Docker Compose on Linux, use http://api:5001 when the API runs inside the Docker network.
+INTERNAL_FILES_URL=http://host.docker.internal:5001
 
 # TRIGGER URL
 TRIGGER_URL=http://localhost:5001
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_DAYS=30
 # redis configuration
 REDIS_HOST=localhost
 REDIS_PORT=6379
+# Optional: limit total connections in connection pool (unset for default)
+# REDIS_MAX_CONNECTIONS=200
 REDIS_USERNAME=
 REDIS_PASSWORD=difyai123456
 REDIS_USE_SSL=false
@@ -101,6 +103,15 @@ S3_ACCESS_KEY=your-access-key
 S3_SECRET_KEY=your-secret-key
 S3_REGION=your-region
 
+# Workflow run and Conversation archive storage (S3-compatible)
+ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENABLED=false
+ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENDPOINT=
+ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ARCHIVE_BUCKET=
+ARCHIVE_STORAGE_EXPORT_BUCKET=
+ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY=
+ARCHIVE_STORAGE_SECRET_KEY=
+ARCHIVE_STORAGE_REGION=auto
+
 # Azure Blob Storage configuration
 AZURE_BLOB_ACCOUNT_NAME=your-account-name
 AZURE_BLOB_ACCOUNT_KEY=your-account-key
@@ -116,6 +127,7 @@ ALIYUN_OSS_AUTH_VERSION=v1
 ALIYUN_OSS_REGION=your-region
 # Don't start with '/'. OSS doesn't support leading slash in object names.
 ALIYUN_OSS_PATH=your-path
+ALIYUN_CLOUDBOX_ID=your-cloudbox-id
 
 # Google Storage configuration
 GOOGLE_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
@@ -127,12 +139,14 @@ TENCENT_COS_SECRET_KEY=your-secret-key
 TENCENT_COS_SECRET_ID=your-secret-id
 TENCENT_COS_REGION=your-region
 TENCENT_COS_SCHEME=your-scheme
+TENCENT_COS_CUSTOM_DOMAIN=your-custom-domain
 
 # Huawei OBS Storage Configuration
 HUAWEI_OBS_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
 HUAWEI_OBS_SECRET_KEY=your-secret-key
 HUAWEI_OBS_ACCESS_KEY=your-access-key
 HUAWEI_OBS_SERVER=your-server-url
+HUAWEI_OBS_PATH_STYLE=false
 
 # Baidu OBS Storage Configuration
 BAIDU_OBS_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
@@ -166,7 +180,7 @@ CONSOLE_CORS_ALLOW_ORIGINS=http://localhost:3000,*
 COOKIE_DOMAIN=
 
 # Vector database configuration
-# Supported values are `weaviate`, `oceanbase`, `qdrant`, `milvus`, `myscale`, `relyt`, `pgvector`, `pgvecto-rs`, `chroma`, `opensearch`, `oracle`, `tencent`, `elasticsearch`, `elasticsearch-ja`, `analyticdb`, `couchbase`, `vikingdb`,  `opengauss`, `tablestore`,`vastbase`,`tidb`,`tidb_on_qdrant`,`baidu`,`lindorm`,`huawei_cloud`,`upstash`, `matrixone`.
+# Supported values are `weaviate`, `oceanbase`, `qdrant`, `milvus`, `myscale`, `relyt`, `pgvector`, `pgvecto-rs`, `chroma`, `opensearch`, `oracle`, `tencent`, `elasticsearch`, `elasticsearch-ja`, `analyticdb`, `couchbase`, `vikingdb`,  `opengauss`, `tablestore`,`vastbase`,`tidb`,`tidb_on_qdrant`,`baidu`,`lindorm`,`huawei_cloud`,`upstash`, `matrixone`, `hologres`.
 VECTOR_STORE=weaviate
 # Prefix used to create collection name in vector database
 VECTOR_INDEX_NAME_PREFIX=Vector_index
@@ -174,7 +188,6 @@ VECTOR_INDEX_NAME_PREFIX=Vector_index
 # Weaviate configuration
 WEAVIATE_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8080
 WEAVIATE_API_KEY=WVF5YThaHlkYwhGUSmCRgsX3tD5ngdN8pkih
-WEAVIATE_GRPC_ENABLED=false
 WEAVIATE_BATCH_SIZE=100
 WEAVIATE_TOKENIZATION=word
 
@@ -204,6 +217,20 @@ COUCHBASE_PASSWORD=password
 COUCHBASE_BUCKET_NAME=Embeddings
 COUCHBASE_SCOPE_NAME=_default
 
+# Hologres configuration
+# access_key_id is used as the PG username, access_key_secret is used as the PG password
+HOLOGRES_HOST=
+HOLOGRES_PORT=80
+HOLOGRES_DATABASE=
+HOLOGRES_ACCESS_KEY_ID=
+HOLOGRES_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=
+HOLOGRES_SCHEMA=public
+HOLOGRES_TOKENIZER=jieba
+HOLOGRES_DISTANCE_METHOD=Cosine
+HOLOGRES_BASE_QUANTIZATION_TYPE=rabitq
+HOLOGRES_MAX_DEGREE=64
+HOLOGRES_EF_CONSTRUCTION=400
+
 # Milvus configuration
 MILVUS_URI=http://127.0.0.1:19530
 MILVUS_TOKEN=
@@ -326,6 +353,9 @@ BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_SHARD=1
 BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_REPLICAS=3
 BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_INVERTED_INDEX_ANALYZER=DEFAULT_ANALYZER
 BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_INVERTED_INDEX_PARSER_MODE=COARSE_MODE
+BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_AUTO_BUILD_ROW_COUNT_INCREMENT=500
+BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_AUTO_BUILD_ROW_COUNT_INCREMENT_RATIO=0.05
+BAIDU_VECTOR_DB_REBUILD_INDEX_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS=300
 
 # Upstash configuration
 UPSTASH_VECTOR_URL=your-server-url
@@ -405,6 +435,8 @@ SMTP_USERNAME=123
 SMTP_PASSWORD=abc
 SMTP_USE_TLS=true
 SMTP_OPPORTUNISTIC_TLS=false
+# Optional: override the local hostname used for SMTP HELO/EHLO
+SMTP_LOCAL_HOSTNAME=
 # Sendgid configuration
 SENDGRID_API_KEY=
 # Sentry configuration
@@ -490,6 +522,8 @@ LOG_FILE_BACKUP_COUNT=5
 LOG_DATEFORMAT=%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
 # Log Timezone
 LOG_TZ=UTC
+# Log output format: text or json
+LOG_OUTPUT_FORMAT=text
 # Log format
 LOG_FORMAT=%(asctime)s,%(msecs)d %(levelname)-2s [%(filename)s:%(lineno)d] %(req_id)s %(message)s
 
@@ -537,11 +571,37 @@ WORKFLOW_LOG_CLEANUP_ENABLED=false
 WORKFLOW_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS=30
 # Batch size for workflow log cleanup operations (default: 100)
 WORKFLOW_LOG_CLEANUP_BATCH_SIZE=100
+# Comma-separated list of workflow IDs to clean logs for
+WORKFLOW_LOG_CLEANUP_SPECIFIC_WORKFLOW_IDS=
 
 # App configuration
 APP_MAX_EXECUTION_TIME=1200
+APP_DEFAULT_ACTIVE_REQUESTS=0
 APP_MAX_ACTIVE_REQUESTS=0
 
+# Aliyun SLS Logstore Configuration
+# Aliyun Access Key ID
+ALIYUN_SLS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=
+# Aliyun Access Key Secret
+ALIYUN_SLS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=
+# Aliyun SLS Endpoint (e.g., cn-hangzhou.log.aliyuncs.com)
+ALIYUN_SLS_ENDPOINT=
+# Aliyun SLS Region (e.g., cn-hangzhou)
+ALIYUN_SLS_REGION=
+# Aliyun SLS Project Name
+ALIYUN_SLS_PROJECT_NAME=
+# Number of days to retain workflow run logs (default: 365 days， 3650 for permanent storage)
+ALIYUN_SLS_LOGSTORE_TTL=365
+# Enable dual-write to both SLS LogStore and SQL database (default: false)
+LOGSTORE_DUAL_WRITE_ENABLED=false
+# Enable dual-read fallback to SQL database when LogStore returns no results (default: true)
+# Useful for migration scenarios where historical data exists only in SQL database
+LOGSTORE_DUAL_READ_ENABLED=true
+# Control flag for whether to write the `graph` field to LogStore.
+# If LOGSTORE_ENABLE_PUT_GRAPH_FIELD is "true", write the full `graph` field;
+# otherwise write an empty {} instead. Defaults to writing the `graph` field.
+LOGSTORE_ENABLE_PUT_GRAPH_FIELD=true
+
 # Celery beat configuration
 CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULER_TIME=1
 
@@ -551,6 +611,7 @@ ENABLE_CLEAN_UNUSED_DATASETS_TASK=false
 ENABLE_CREATE_TIDB_SERVERLESS_TASK=false
 ENABLE_UPDATE_TIDB_SERVERLESS_STATUS_TASK=false
 ENABLE_CLEAN_MESSAGES=false
+ENABLE_WORKFLOW_RUN_CLEANUP_TASK=false
 ENABLE_MAIL_CLEAN_DOCUMENT_NOTIFY_TASK=false
 ENABLE_DATASETS_QUEUE_MONITOR=false
 ENABLE_CHECK_UPGRADABLE_PLUGIN_TASK=true
@@ -576,6 +637,7 @@ PLUGIN_DAEMON_URL=http://127.0.0.1:5002
 PLUGIN_REMOTE_INSTALL_PORT=5003
 PLUGIN_REMOTE_INSTALL_HOST=localhost
 PLUGIN_MAX_PACKAGE_SIZE=15728640
+PLUGIN_MODEL_SCHEMA_CACHE_TTL=3600
 INNER_API_KEY_FOR_PLUGIN=QaHbTe77CtuXmsfyhR7+vRjI/+XbV1AaFy691iy+kGDv2Jvy0/eAh8Y1
 
 # Marketplace configuration
@@ -632,8 +694,73 @@ SWAGGER_UI_PATH=/swagger-ui.html
 # Set to false to export dataset IDs as plain text for easier cross-environment import
 DSL_EXPORT_ENCRYPT_DATASET_ID=true
 
+# Suggested Questions After Answer Configuration
+# These environment variables allow customization of the suggested questions feature
+#
+# Custom prompt for generating suggested questions (optional)
+# If not set, uses the default prompt that generates 3 questions under 20 characters each
+# Example: "Please help me predict the five most likely technical follow-up questions a developer would ask. Focus on implementation details, best practices, and architecture considerations. Keep each question between 40-60 characters. Output must be JSON array: [\"question1\",\"question2\",\"question3\",\"question4\",\"question5\"]"
+# SUGGESTED_QUESTIONS_PROMPT=
+
+# Maximum number of tokens for suggested questions generation (default: 256)
+# Adjust this value for longer questions or more questions
+# SUGGESTED_QUESTIONS_MAX_TOKENS=256
+
+# Temperature for suggested questions generation (default: 0.0)
+# Higher values (0.5-1.0) produce more creative questions, lower values (0.0-0.3) produce more focused questions
+# SUGGESTED_QUESTIONS_TEMPERATURE=0
+
 # Tenant isolated task queue configuration
 TENANT_ISOLATED_TASK_CONCURRENCY=1
 
 # Maximum number of segments for dataset segments API (0 for unlimited)
 DATASET_MAX_SEGMENTS_PER_REQUEST=0
+
+# Multimodal knowledgebase limit
+SINGLE_CHUNK_ATTACHMENT_LIMIT=10
+ATTACHMENT_IMAGE_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT=2
+ATTACHMENT_IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT=60
+IMAGE_FILE_BATCH_LIMIT=10
+
+# Maximum allowed CSV file size for annotation import in megabytes
+ANNOTATION_IMPORT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT=2
+#Maximum number of annotation records allowed in a single import
+ANNOTATION_IMPORT_MAX_RECORDS=10000
+# Minimum number of annotation records required in a single import
+ANNOTATION_IMPORT_MIN_RECORDS=1
+ANNOTATION_IMPORT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_MINUTE=5
+ANNOTATION_IMPORT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_HOUR=20
+# Maximum number of concurrent annotation import tasks per tenant
+ANNOTATION_IMPORT_MAX_CONCURRENT=5
+# Sandbox expired records clean configuration
+SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_GRACEFUL_PERIOD=21
+SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_BATCH_SIZE=1000
+SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_BATCH_MAX_INTERVAL=200
+SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_RETENTION_DAYS=30
+SANDBOX_EXPIRED_RECORDS_CLEAN_TASK_LOCK_TTL=90000
+
+
+# Redis URL used for event bus between API and
+# celery worker
+# defaults to url constructed from `REDIS_*`
+# configurations
+EVENT_BUS_REDIS_URL=
+# Event transport type. Options are:
+#
+#  - pubsub: normal Pub/Sub (at-most-once)
+#  - sharded: sharded Pub/Sub (at-most-once)
+#  - streams: Redis Streams (at-least-once, recommended to avoid subscriber races)
+#
+# Note: Before enabling 'streams' in production, estimate your expected event volume and retention needs.
+# Configure Redis memory limits and stream trimming appropriately (e.g., MAXLEN and key expiry) to reduce
+# the risk of data loss from Redis auto-eviction under memory pressure.
+# Also accepts ENV: EVENT_BUS_REDIS_CHANNEL_TYPE.
+EVENT_BUS_REDIS_CHANNEL_TYPE=pubsub
+# Whether to use Redis cluster mode while use redis as event bus.
+#  It's highly recommended to enable this for large deployments.
+EVENT_BUS_REDIS_USE_CLUSTERS=false
+
+# Whether to Enable human input timeout check task
+ENABLE_HUMAN_INPUT_TIMEOUT_TASK=true
+# Human input timeout check interval in minutes
+HUMAN_INPUT_TIMEOUT_TASK_INTERVAL=1

api/.importlinter

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 [importlinter]
 root_packages =
     core
+    dify_graph
     configs
     controllers
+    extensions
     models
     tasks
     services
+include_external_packages = True
 
 [importlinter:contract:workflow]
 name = Workflow
@@ -16,21 +19,115 @@ layers =
     graph
     nodes
     node_events
+    runtime
     entities
 containers =
-    core.workflow
+    dify_graph
 ignore_imports =
-    core.workflow.nodes.base.node -> core.workflow.graph_events
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph_events
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph_events
+    dify_graph.nodes.base.node -> dify_graph.graph_events
+    dify_graph.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> dify_graph.graph_events
+    dify_graph.nodes.loop.loop_node -> dify_graph.graph_events
 
-    core.workflow.nodes.node_factory -> core.workflow.graph
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph
-    core.workflow.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph
-    core.workflow.nodes.loop.loop_node -> core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels
+    dify_graph.nodes.iteration.iteration_node -> dify_graph.graph_engine
+    dify_graph.nodes.loop.loop_node -> dify_graph.graph_engine
+    # TODO(QuantumGhost): fix the import violation later
+    dify_graph.entities.pause_reason -> dify_graph.nodes.human_input.entities
+
+[importlinter:contract:workflow-infrastructure-dependencies]
+name = Workflow Infrastructure Dependencies
+type = forbidden
+source_modules =
+    dify_graph
+forbidden_modules =
+    extensions.ext_database
+    extensions.ext_redis
+allow_indirect_imports = True
+ignore_imports =
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> extensions.ext_database
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model -> extensions.ext_redis
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.model_provider_factory -> extensions.ext_redis
+
+[importlinter:contract:workflow-external-imports]
+name = Workflow External Imports
+type = forbidden
+source_modules =
+    dify_graph
+forbidden_modules =
+    configs
+    controllers
+    extensions
+    models
+    services
+    tasks
+    core.agent
+    core.app
+    core.base
+    core.callback_handler
+    core.datasource
+    core.db
+    core.entities
+    core.errors
+    core.extension
+    core.external_data_tool
+    core.file
+    core.helper
+    core.hosting_configuration
+    core.indexing_runner
+    core.llm_generator
+    core.logging
+    core.mcp
+    core.memory
+    core.moderation
+    core.ops
+    core.plugin
+    core.prompt
+    core.provider_manager
+    core.rag
+    core.repositories
+    core.schemas
+    core.tools
+    core.trigger
+    core.variables
+ignore_imports =
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.llm_utils -> core.model_manager
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.protocols -> core.model_manager
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.llm_utils -> dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.large_language_model
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> core.tools.signature
+    dify_graph.nodes.tool.tool_node -> core.callback_handler.workflow_tool_callback_handler
+    dify_graph.nodes.tool.tool_node -> core.tools.tool_engine
+    dify_graph.nodes.tool.tool_node -> core.tools.tool_manager
+    dify_graph.nodes.parameter_extractor.parameter_extractor_node -> core.prompt.advanced_prompt_transform
+    dify_graph.nodes.parameter_extractor.parameter_extractor_node -> core.prompt.simple_prompt_transform
+    dify_graph.nodes.parameter_extractor.parameter_extractor_node -> dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.large_language_model
+    dify_graph.nodes.question_classifier.question_classifier_node -> core.prompt.simple_prompt_transform
+    dify_graph.nodes.parameter_extractor.parameter_extractor_node -> core.model_manager
+    dify_graph.nodes.question_classifier.question_classifier_node -> core.model_manager
+    dify_graph.nodes.tool.tool_node -> core.tools.utils.message_transformer
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> core.llm_generator.output_parser.errors
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> core.llm_generator.output_parser.structured_output
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> core.model_manager
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.entities -> core.prompt.entities.advanced_prompt_entities
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> core.prompt.entities.advanced_prompt_entities
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> core.prompt.utils.prompt_message_util
+    dify_graph.nodes.parameter_extractor.entities -> core.prompt.entities.advanced_prompt_entities
+    dify_graph.nodes.parameter_extractor.parameter_extractor_node -> core.prompt.entities.advanced_prompt_entities
+    dify_graph.nodes.parameter_extractor.parameter_extractor_node -> core.prompt.utils.prompt_message_util
+    dify_graph.nodes.question_classifier.entities -> core.prompt.entities.advanced_prompt_entities
+    dify_graph.nodes.question_classifier.question_classifier_node -> core.prompt.utils.prompt_message_util
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> models.dataset
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.file_saver -> core.tools.signature
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.file_saver -> core.tools.tool_file_manager
+    dify_graph.nodes.tool.tool_node -> core.tools.errors
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> extensions.ext_database
+    dify_graph.nodes.llm.node -> models.model
+    dify_graph.nodes.tool.tool_node -> services
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model -> configs
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model -> extensions.ext_redis
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.large_language_model -> configs
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.text_embedding_model -> core.entities.embedding_type
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.model_provider_factory -> configs
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.model_provider_factory -> extensions.ext_redis
+    dify_graph.model_runtime.model_providers.model_provider_factory -> models.provider_ids
 
 [importlinter:contract:rsc]
 name = RSC
@@ -39,7 +136,7 @@ layers =
     graph_engine
     response_coordinator
 containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine
+    dify_graph.graph_engine
 
 [importlinter:contract:worker]
 name = Worker
@@ -48,7 +145,7 @@ layers =
     graph_engine
     worker
 containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine
+    dify_graph.graph_engine
 
 [importlinter:contract:graph-engine-architecture]
 name = Graph Engine Architecture
@@ -64,28 +161,28 @@ layers =
     worker_management
     domain
 containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine
+    dify_graph.graph_engine
 
 [importlinter:contract:domain-isolation]
 name = Domain Model Isolation
 type = forbidden
 source_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.domain
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.domain
 forbidden_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.worker_management
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.layers
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.protocols
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.worker_management
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.command_channels
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.layers
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.protocols
 
 [importlinter:contract:worker-management]
 name = Worker Management
 type = forbidden
 source_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.worker_management
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.worker_management
 forbidden_modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.orchestration
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_processing
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.event_management
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.orchestration
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.command_processing
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.event_management
 
 
 [importlinter:contract:graph-traversal-components]
@@ -95,11 +192,11 @@ layers =
     edge_processor
     skip_propagator
 containers =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.graph_traversal
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.graph_traversal
 
 [importlinter:contract:command-channels]
 name = Command Channels Independence
 type = independence
 modules =
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels.in_memory_channel
-    core.workflow.graph_engine.command_channels.redis_channel
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.command_channels.in_memory_channel
+    dify_graph.graph_engine.command_channels.redis_channel

api/.ruff.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-exclude = ["migrations/*"]
+exclude = [
+    "migrations/*",
+    ".git",
+    ".git/**",
+]
 line-length = 120
 
 [format]
@@ -36,17 +40,21 @@ select = [
     "UP",      # pyupgrade rules
     "W191",    # tab-indentation
     "W605",    # invalid-escape-sequence
+    "G001",    # don't use str format to logging messages
+    "G003",    # don't use + in logging messages
+    "G004",    # don't use f-strings to format logging messages
+    "UP042",   # use StrEnum,
+    "S110",    # disallow the try-except-pass pattern.
+
     # security related linting rules
     # RCE proctection (sort of)
     "S102", # exec-builtin, disallow use of `exec`
     "S307", # suspicious-eval-usage, disallow use of `eval` and `ast.literal_eval`
     "S301", # suspicious-pickle-usage, disallow use of `pickle` and its wrappers.
     "S302", # suspicious-marshal-usage, disallow use of `marshal` module
-    "S311", # suspicious-non-cryptographic-random-usage
-    "G001", # don't use str format to logging messages
-    "G003", # don't use + in logging messages
-    "G004", # don't use f-strings to format logging messages
-    "UP042", # use StrEnum
+    "S311", # suspicious-non-cryptographic-random-usage,
+    "TID",   # flake8-tidy-imports
+
 ]
 
 ignore = [
@@ -81,6 +89,7 @@ ignore = [
     "SIM113",  # enumerate-for-loop
     "SIM117",  # multiple-with-statements
     "SIM210",  # if-expr-with-true-false
+    "TID252",  # allow relative imports from parent modules
 ]
 
 [lint.per-file-ignores]
@@ -91,23 +100,31 @@ ignore = [
 "configs/*" = [
     "N802", # invalid-function-name
 ]
-"core/model_runtime/callbacks/base_callback.py" = [
-    "T201",
-]
-"core/workflow/callbacks/workflow_logging_callback.py" = [
-    "T201",
-]
+"dify_graph/model_runtime/callbacks/base_callback.py" = ["T201"]
+"core/workflow/callbacks/workflow_logging_callback.py" = ["T201"]
 "libs/gmpy2_pkcs10aep_cipher.py" = [
     "N803", # invalid-argument-name
 ]
 "tests/*" = [
     "F811", # redefined-while-unused
-    "T201", # allow print in tests
+    "T201", # allow print in tests,
+    "S110", # allow ignoring exceptions in tests code (currently)
+
 ]
+"controllers/console/explore/trial.py" = ["TID251"]
+"controllers/console/human_input_form.py" = ["TID251"]
+"controllers/web/human_input_form.py" = ["TID251"]
 
 [lint.pyflakes]
 allowed-unused-imports = [
-    "_pytest.monkeypatch",
     "tests.integration_tests",
     "tests.unit_tests",
 ]
+
+[lint.flake8-tidy-imports]
+
+[lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api."flask_restx.reqparse"]
+msg = "Use Pydantic payload/query models instead of reqparse."
+
+[lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api."flask_restx.reqparse.RequestParser"]
+msg = "Use Pydantic payload/query models instead of reqparse."

api/.vscode/launch.json.example

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
                 "--loglevel",
                 "DEBUG",
                 "-Q",
-                "dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor"
+                "dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,workflow_based_app_execution,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor"
             ]
         }
     ]

api/AGENTS.md

@@ -1,62 +1,202 @@
-# Agent Skill Index
+# API Agent Guide
 
-Start with the section that best matches your need. Each entry lists the problems it solves plus key files/concepts so you know what to expect before opening it.
+## Notes for Agent (must-check)
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+Before changing any backend code under `api/`, you MUST read the surrounding docstrings and comments. These notes contain required context (invariants, edge cases, trade-offs) and are treated as part of the spec.
 
-## Platform Foundations
+Look for:
 
-- **[Infrastructure Overview](agent_skills/infra.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+- The module (file) docstring at the top of a source code file
+- Docstrings on classes and functions/methods
+- Paragraph/block comments for non-obvious logic
 
-  - You need to understand where a feature belongs in the architecture.
-  - You’re wiring storage, Redis, vector stores, or OTEL.
-  - You’re about to add CLI commands or async jobs.\
-    What it covers: configuration stack (`configs/app_config.py`, remote settings), storage entry points (`extensions/ext_storage.py`, `core/file/file_manager.py`), Redis conventions (`extensions/ext_redis.py`), plugin runtime topology, vector-store factory (`core/rag/datasource/vdb/*`), observability hooks, SSRF proxy usage, and core CLI commands.
+### What to write where
 
-- **[Coding Style](agent_skills/coding_style.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+- Keep notes scoped: module notes cover module-wide context, class notes cover class-wide context, function/method notes cover behavioural contracts, and paragraph/block comments cover local “why”. Avoid duplicating the same content across scopes unless repetition prevents misuse.
+- **Module (file) docstring**: purpose, boundaries, key invariants, and “gotchas” that a new reader must know before editing.
+  - Include cross-links to the key collaborators (modules/services) when discovery is otherwise hard.
+  - Prefer stable facts (invariants, contracts) over ephemeral “today we…” notes.
+- **Class docstring**: responsibility, lifecycle, invariants, and how it should be used (or not used).
+  - If the class is intentionally stateful, note what state exists and what methods mutate it.
+  - If concurrency/async assumptions matter, state them explicitly.
+- **Function/method docstring**: behavioural contract.
+  - Document arguments, return shape, side effects (DB writes, external I/O, task dispatch), and raised domain exceptions.
+  - Add examples only when they prevent misuse.
+- **Paragraph/block comments**: explain *why* (trade-offs, historical constraints, surprising edge cases), not what the code already states.
+  - Keep comments adjacent to the logic they justify; delete or rewrite comments that no longer match reality.
 
-  - You’re writing or reviewing backend code and need the authoritative checklist.
-  - You’re unsure about Pydantic validators, SQLAlchemy session usage, or logging patterns.
-  - You want the exact lint/type/test commands used in PRs.\
-    Includes: Ruff & BasedPyright commands, no-annotation policy, session examples (`with Session(db.engine, ...)`), `@field_validator` usage, logging expectations, and the rule set for file size, helpers, and package management.
+### Rules (must follow)
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+In this section, “notes” means module/class/function docstrings plus any relevant paragraph/block comments.
 
-## Plugin & Extension Development
+- **Before working**
+  - Read the notes in the area you’ll touch; treat them as part of the spec.
+  - If a docstring or comment conflicts with the current code, treat the **code as the single source of truth** and update the docstring or comment to match reality.
+  - If important intent/invariants/edge cases are missing, add them in the closest docstring or comment (module for overall scope, function for behaviour).
+- **During working**
+  - Keep the notes in sync as you discover constraints, make decisions, or change approach.
+  - If you move/rename responsibilities across modules/classes, update the affected docstrings and comments so readers can still find the “why” and the invariants.
+  - Record non-obvious edge cases, trade-offs, and the test/verification plan in the nearest docstring or comment that will stay correct.
+  - Keep the notes **coherent**: integrate new findings into the relevant docstrings and comments; avoid append-only “recent fix” / changelog-style additions.
+- **When finishing**
+  - Update the notes to reflect what changed, why, and any new edge cases/tests.
+  - Remove or rewrite any comments that could be mistaken as current guidance but no longer apply.
+  - Keep docstrings and comments concise and accurate; they are meant to prevent repeated rediscovery.
 
-- **[Plugin Systems](agent_skills/plugin.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+## Coding Style
 
-  - You’re building or debugging a marketplace plugin.
-  - You need to know how manifests, providers, daemons, and migrations fit together.\
-    What it covers: plugin manifests (`core/plugin/entities/plugin.py`), installation/upgrade flows (`services/plugin/plugin_service.py`, CLI commands), runtime adapters (`core/plugin/impl/*` for tool/model/datasource/trigger/endpoint/agent), daemon coordination (`core/plugin/entities/plugin_daemon.py`), and how provider registries surface capabilities to the rest of the platform.
+This is the default standard for backend code in this repo. Follow it for new code and use it as the checklist when reviewing changes.
 
-- **[Plugin OAuth](agent_skills/plugin_oauth.md)**\
-  When to read this:
+### Linting & Formatting
 
-  - You must integrate OAuth for a plugin or datasource.
-  - You’re handling credential encryption or refresh flows.\
-    Topics: credential storage, encryption helpers (`core/helper/provider_encryption.py`), OAuth client bootstrap (`services/plugin/oauth_service.py`, `services/plugin/plugin_parameter_service.py`), and how console/API layers expose the flows.
+- Use Ruff for formatting and linting (follow `.ruff.toml`).
+- Keep each line under 120 characters (including spaces).
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+### Naming Conventions
 
-## Workflow Entry & Execution
+- Use `snake_case` for variables and functions.
+- Use `PascalCase` for classes.
+- Use `UPPER_CASE` for constants.
 
-- **[Trigger Concepts](agent_skills/trigger.md)**\
-  When to read this:
-  - You’re debugging why a workflow didn’t start.
-  - You’re adding a new trigger type or hook.
-  - You need to trace async execution, draft debugging, or webhook/schedule pipelines.\
-    Details: Start-node taxonomy, webhook & schedule internals (`core/workflow/nodes/trigger_*`, `services/trigger/*`), async orchestration (`services/async_workflow_service.py`, Celery queues), debug event bus, and storage/logging interactions.
+### Typing & Class Layout
 
-______________________________________________________________________
+- Code should usually include type annotations that match the repo’s current Python version (avoid untyped public APIs and “mystery” values).
+- Prefer modern typing forms (e.g. `list[str]`, `dict[str, int]`) and avoid `Any` unless there’s a strong reason.
+- For dictionary-like data with known keys and value types, prefer `TypedDict` over `dict[...]` or `Mapping[...]`.
+- For optional keys in typed payloads, use `NotRequired[...]` (or `total=False` when most fields are optional).
+- Keep `dict[...]` / `Mapping[...]` for truly dynamic key spaces where the key set is unknown.
 
-## Additional Notes for Agents
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import NotRequired, TypedDict
 
-- All skill docs assume you follow the coding style guide—run Ruff/BasedPyright/tests listed there before submitting changes.
-- When you cannot find an answer in these briefs, search the codebase using the paths referenced (e.g., `core/plugin/impl/tool.py`, `services/dataset_service.py`).
-- If you run into cross-cutting concerns (tenancy, configuration, storage), check the infrastructure guide first; it links to most supporting modules.
-- Keep multi-tenancy and configuration central: everything flows through `configs.dify_config` and `tenant_id`.
-- When touching plugins or triggers, consult both the system overview and the specialised doc to ensure you adjust lifecycle, storage, and observability consistently.
+
+class UserProfile(TypedDict):
+    user_id: str
+    email: str
+    created_at: datetime
+    nickname: NotRequired[str]
+```
+
+- For classes, declare all member variables explicitly with types at the top of the class body (before `__init__`), even when the class is not a dataclass or Pydantic model, so the class shape is obvious at a glance:
+
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class Example:
+    user_id: str
+    created_at: datetime
+
+    def __init__(self, user_id: str, created_at: datetime) -> None:
+        self.user_id = user_id
+        self.created_at = created_at
+```
+
+### General Rules
+
+- Use Pydantic v2 conventions.
+- Use `uv` for Python package management in this repo (usually with `--project api`).
+- Prefer simple functions over small “utility classes” for lightweight helpers.
+- Avoid implementing dunder methods unless it’s clearly needed and matches existing patterns.
+- Never start long-running services as part of agent work (`uv run app.py`, `flask run`, etc.); running tests is allowed.
+- Keep files below ~800 lines; split when necessary.
+- Keep code readable and explicit—avoid clever hacks.
+
+### Architecture & Boundaries
+
+- Mirror the layered architecture: controller → service → core/domain.
+- Reuse existing helpers in `core/`, `services/`, and `libs/` before creating new abstractions.
+- Optimise for observability: deterministic control flow, clear logging, actionable errors.
+
+### Logging & Errors
+
+- Never use `print`; use a module-level logger:
+  - `logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)`
+- Include tenant/app/workflow identifiers in log context when relevant.
+- Raise domain-specific exceptions (`services/errors`, `core/errors`) and translate them into HTTP responses in controllers.
+- Log retryable events at `warning`, terminal failures at `error`.
+
+### SQLAlchemy Patterns
+
+- Models inherit from `models.base.TypeBase`; do not create ad-hoc metadata or engines.
+- Open sessions with context managers:
+
+```python
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+    stmt = select(Workflow).where(
+        Workflow.id == workflow_id,
+        Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+    )
+    workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
+```
+
+- Prefer SQLAlchemy expressions; avoid raw SQL unless necessary.
+- Always scope queries by `tenant_id` and protect write paths with safeguards (`FOR UPDATE`, row counts, etc.).
+- Introduce repository abstractions only for very large tables (e.g., workflow executions) or when alternative storage strategies are required.
+
+### Storage & External I/O
+
+- Access storage via `extensions.ext_storage.storage`.
+- Use `core.helper.ssrf_proxy` for outbound HTTP fetches.
+- Background tasks that touch storage must be idempotent, and should log relevant object identifiers.
+
+### Pydantic Usage
+
+- Define DTOs with Pydantic v2 models and forbid extras by default.
+- Use `@field_validator` / `@model_validator` for domain rules.
+
+Example:
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, HttpUrl, field_validator
+
+
+class TriggerConfig(BaseModel):
+    endpoint: HttpUrl
+    secret: str
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
+
+    @field_validator("secret")
+    def ensure_secret_prefix(cls, value: str) -> str:
+        if not value.startswith("dify_"):
+            raise ValueError("secret must start with dify_")
+        return value
+```
+
+### Generics & Protocols
+
+- Use `typing.Protocol` to define behavioural contracts (e.g., cache interfaces).
+- Apply generics (`TypeVar`, `Generic`) for reusable utilities like caches or providers.
+- Validate dynamic inputs at runtime when generics cannot enforce safety alone.
+
+### Tooling & Checks
+
+Quick checks while iterating:
+
+- Format: `make format`
+- Lint (includes auto-fix): `make lint`
+- Type check: `make type-check`
+- Targeted tests: `make test TARGET_TESTS=./api/tests/<target_tests>`
+
+Before opening a PR / submitting:
+
+- `make lint`
+- `make type-check`
+- `make test`
+
+### Controllers & Services
+
+- Controllers: parse input via Pydantic, invoke services, return serialised responses; no business logic.
+- Services: coordinate repositories, providers, background tasks; keep side effects explicit.
+- Document non-obvious behaviour with concise docstrings and comments.
+
+### Miscellaneous
+
+- Use `configs.dify_config` for configuration—never read environment variables directly.
+- Maintain tenant awareness end-to-end; `tenant_id` must flow through every layer touching shared resources.
+- Queue async work through `services/async_workflow_service`; implement tasks under `tasks/` with explicit queue selection.
+- Keep experimental scripts under `dev/`; do not ship them in production builds.

api/Dockerfile

@@ -48,12 +48,35 @@ ENV PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8
 
 WORKDIR /app/api
 
+# Create non-root user
+ARG dify_uid=1001
+ARG NODE_MAJOR=22
+ARG NODE_PACKAGE_VERSION=22.21.0-1nodesource1
+ARG NODESOURCE_KEY_FPR=6F71F525282841EEDAF851B42F59B5F99B1BE0B4
+RUN groupadd -r -g ${dify_uid} dify && \
+    useradd -r -u ${dify_uid} -g ${dify_uid} -s /bin/bash dify && \
+    chown -R dify:dify /app
+
 RUN \
     apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        ca-certificates \
+        curl \
+        gnupg \
+    && mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
+    && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key -o /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+    && gpg --show-keys --with-colons /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+        | awk -F: '/^fpr:/ {print $10}' \
+        | grep -Fx "${NODESOURCE_KEY_FPR}" \
+    && gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+    && rm -f /tmp/nodesource.gpg \
+    && echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_${NODE_MAJOR}.x nodistro main" \
+        > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list \
+    && apt-get update \
     # Install dependencies
     && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         # basic environment
-        curl nodejs \
+        nodejs=${NODE_PACKAGE_VERSION} \
         # for gmpy2 \
         libgmp-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev \
         # For Security
@@ -69,33 +92,30 @@ RUN \
 
 # Copy Python environment and packages
 ENV VIRTUAL_ENV=/app/api/.venv
-COPY --from=packages ${VIRTUAL_ENV} ${VIRTUAL_ENV}
+COPY --from=packages --chown=dify:dify ${VIRTUAL_ENV} ${VIRTUAL_ENV}
 ENV PATH="${VIRTUAL_ENV}/bin:${PATH}"
 
 # Download nltk data
-RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/share/nltk_data && NLTK_DATA=/usr/local/share/nltk_data python -c "import nltk; nltk.download('punkt'); nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger'); nltk.download('stopwords')" \
+RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/share/nltk_data \
+    && NLTK_DATA=/usr/local/share/nltk_data python -c "import nltk; nltk.download('punkt'); nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger'); nltk.download('stopwords')" \
     && chmod -R 755 /usr/local/share/nltk_data
 
 ENV TIKTOKEN_CACHE_DIR=/app/api/.tiktoken_cache
 
-RUN python -c "import tiktoken; tiktoken.encoding_for_model('gpt2')"
+RUN python -c "import tiktoken; tiktoken.encoding_for_model('gpt2')" \
+    && chown -R dify:dify ${TIKTOKEN_CACHE_DIR}
 
 # Copy source code
-COPY . /app/api/
+COPY --chown=dify:dify . /app/api/
 
-# Copy entrypoint
-COPY docker/entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
-RUN chmod +x /entrypoint.sh
+# Prepare entrypoint script
+COPY --chown=dify:dify --chmod=755 docker/entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
 
-# Create non-root user and set permissions
-RUN groupadd -r -g 1001 dify && \
-    useradd -r -u 1001 -g 1001 -s /bin/bash dify && \
-    mkdir -p /home/dify && \
-    chown -R 1001:1001 /app /home/dify ${TIKTOKEN_CACHE_DIR} /entrypoint.sh
 
 ARG COMMIT_SHA
 ENV COMMIT_SHA=${COMMIT_SHA}
 ENV NLTK_DATA=/usr/local/share/nltk_data
-USER 1001
+
+USER dify
 
 ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "/entrypoint.sh"]

api/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Dify Backend API
 
-## Usage
+## Setup and Run
 
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 >
@@ -8,109 +8,94 @@
 > [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) as the package manager
 > for Dify API backend service.
 
-1. Start the docker-compose stack
+`uv` and `pnpm` are required to run the setup and development commands below.
 
-   The backend require some middleware, including PostgreSQL, Redis, and Weaviate, which can be started together using `docker-compose`.
+### Using scripts (recommended)
+
+The scripts resolve paths relative to their location, so you can run them from anywhere.
+
+1. Run setup (copies env files and installs dependencies).
 
    ```bash
-   cd ../docker
-   cp middleware.env.example middleware.env
-   # change the profile to mysql if you are not using postgres,change the profile to other vector database if you are not using weaviate
-   docker compose -f docker-compose.middleware.yaml --profile postgresql --profile weaviate -p dify up -d
-   cd ../api
+   ./dev/setup
    ```
 
-1. Copy `.env.example` to `.env`
+1. Review `api/.env`, `web/.env.local`, and `docker/middleware.env` values (see the `SECRET_KEY` note below).
 
-   ```cli
-   cp .env.example .env
+1. Start middleware (PostgreSQL/Redis/Weaviate).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-docker-compose
    ```
 
+1. Start backend (runs migrations first).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-api
+   ```
+
+1. Start Dify [web](../web) service.
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-web
+   ```
+
+1. Set up your application by visiting `http://localhost:3000`.
+
+1. Start the worker service (async and scheduler tasks, runs from `api`).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-worker
+   ```
+
+1. Optional: start Celery Beat (scheduled tasks).
+
+   ```bash
+   ./dev/start-beat
+   ```
+
+### Environment notes
+
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 >
 > When the frontend and backend run on different subdomains, set COOKIE_DOMAIN to the site’s top-level domain (e.g., `example.com`). The frontend and backend must be under the same top-level domain in order to share authentication cookies.
 
-1. Generate a `SECRET_KEY` in the `.env` file.
+- Generate a `SECRET_KEY` in the `.env` file.
 
-   bash for Linux
+  bash for Linux
 
-   ```bash for Linux
-   sed -i "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\SECRET_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 42)" .env
-   ```
+  ```bash
+  sed -i "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\\SECRET_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 42)" .env
+  ```
 
-   bash for Mac
+  bash for Mac
 
-   ```bash for Mac
-   secret_key=$(openssl rand -base64 42)
-   sed -i '' "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\\
-   SECRET_KEY=${secret_key}" .env
-   ```
-
-1. Create environment.
-
-   Dify API service uses [UV](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) to manage dependencies.
-   First, you need to add the uv package manager, if you don't have it already.
-
-   ```bash
-   pip install uv
-   # Or on macOS
-   brew install uv
-   ```
-
-1. Install dependencies
-
-   ```bash
-   uv sync --dev
-   ```
-
-1. Run migrate
-
-   Before the first launch, migrate the database to the latest version.
-
-   ```bash
-   uv run flask db upgrade
-   ```
-
-1. Start backend
-
-   ```bash
-   uv run flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port=5001 --debug
-   ```
-
-1. Start Dify [web](../web) service.
-
-1. Setup your application by visiting `http://localhost:3000`.
-
-1. If you need to handle and debug the async tasks (e.g. dataset importing and documents indexing), please start the worker service.
-
-```bash
-uv run celery -A app.celery worker -P threads -c 2 --loglevel INFO -Q dataset,priority_dataset,priority_pipeline,pipeline,mail,ops_trace,app_deletion,plugin,workflow_storage,conversation,workflow,schedule_poller,schedule_executor,triggered_workflow_dispatcher,trigger_refresh_executor
-```
-
-Additionally, if you want to debug the celery scheduled tasks, you can run the following command in another terminal to start the beat service:
-
-```bash
-uv run celery -A app.celery beat
-```
+  ```bash
+  secret_key=$(openssl rand -base64 42)
+  sed -i '' "/^SECRET_KEY=/c\\
+  SECRET_KEY=${secret_key}" .env
+  ```
 
 ## Testing
 
 1. Install dependencies for both the backend and the test environment
 
    ```bash
-   uv sync --dev
+   cd api
+   uv sync --group dev
    ```
 
 1. Run the tests locally with mocked system environment variables in `tool.pytest_env` section in `pyproject.toml`, more can check [Claude.md](../CLAUDE.md)
 
    ```bash
+   cd api
    uv run pytest                           # Run all tests
    uv run pytest tests/unit_tests/         # Unit tests only
    uv run pytest tests/integration_tests/  # Integration tests
 
    # Code quality
-   ../dev/reformat               # Run all formatters and linters
-   uv run ruff check --fix ./    # Fix linting issues
-   uv run ruff format ./         # Format code
-   uv run basedpyright .         # Type checking
+   ./dev/reformat               # Run all formatters and linters
+   uv run ruff check --fix ./   # Fix linting issues
+   uv run ruff format ./        # Format code
+   uv run basedpyright .        # Type checking
    ```

api/agent_skills/coding_style.md

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-## Linter
-
-- Always follow `.ruff.toml`.
-- Run `uv run ruff check --fix --unsafe-fixes`.
-- Keep each line under 100 characters (including spaces).
-
-## Code Style
-
-- `snake_case` for variables and functions.
-- `PascalCase` for classes.
-- `UPPER_CASE` for constants.
-
-## Rules
-
-- Use Pydantic v2 standard.
-- Use `uv` for package management.
-- Do not override dunder methods like `__init__`, `__iadd__`, etc.
-- Never launch services (`uv run app.py`, `flask run`, etc.); running tests under `tests/` is allowed.
-- Prefer simple functions over classes for lightweight helpers.
-- Keep files below 800 lines; split when necessary.
-- Keep code readable—no clever hacks.
-- Never use `print`; log with `logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)`.
-
-## Guiding Principles
-
-- Mirror the project’s layered architecture: controller → service → core/domain.
-- Reuse existing helpers in `core/`, `services/`, and `libs/` before creating new abstractions.
-- Optimise for observability: deterministic control flow, clear logging, actionable errors.
-
-## SQLAlchemy Patterns
-
-- Models inherit from `models.base.Base`; never create ad-hoc metadata or engines.
-
-- Open sessions with context managers:
-
-  ```python
-  from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
-
-  with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
-      stmt = select(Workflow).where(
-          Workflow.id == workflow_id,
-          Workflow.tenant_id == tenant_id,
-      )
-      workflow = session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
-  ```
-
-- Use SQLAlchemy expressions; avoid raw SQL unless necessary.
-
-- Introduce repository abstractions only for very large tables (e.g., workflow executions) to support alternative storage strategies.
-
-- Always scope queries by `tenant_id` and protect write paths with safeguards (`FOR UPDATE`, row counts, etc.).
-
-## Storage & External IO
-
-- Access storage via `extensions.ext_storage.storage`.
-- Use `core.helper.ssrf_proxy` for outbound HTTP fetches.
-- Background tasks that touch storage must be idempotent and log the relevant object identifiers.
-
-## Pydantic Usage
-
-- Define DTOs with Pydantic v2 models and forbid extras by default.
-
-- Use `@field_validator` / `@model_validator` for domain rules.
-
-- Example:
-
-  ```python
-  from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, HttpUrl, field_validator
-
-  class TriggerConfig(BaseModel):
-      endpoint: HttpUrl
-      secret: str
-
-      model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
-
-      @field_validator("secret")
-      def ensure_secret_prefix(cls, value: str) -> str:
-          if not value.startswith("dify_"):
-              raise ValueError("secret must start with dify_")
-          return value
-  ```
-
-## Generics & Protocols
-
-- Use `typing.Protocol` to define behavioural contracts (e.g., cache interfaces).
-- Apply generics (`TypeVar`, `Generic`) for reusable utilities like caches or providers.
-- Validate dynamic inputs at runtime when generics cannot enforce safety alone.
-
-## Error Handling & Logging
-
-- Raise domain-specific exceptions (`services/errors`, `core/errors`) and translate to HTTP responses in controllers.
-- Declare `logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)` at module top.
-- Include tenant/app/workflow identifiers in log context.
-- Log retryable events at `warning`, terminal failures at `error`.
-
-## Tooling & Checks
-
-- Format/lint: `uv run --project api --dev ruff format ./api` and `uv run --project api --dev ruff check --fix --unsafe-fixes ./api`.
-- Type checks: `uv run --directory api --dev basedpyright`.
-- Tests: `uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh`.
-- Run all of the above before submitting your work.
-
-## Controllers & Services
-
-- Controllers: parse input via Pydantic, invoke services, return serialised responses; no business logic.
-- Services: coordinate repositories, providers, background tasks; keep side effects explicit.
-- Avoid repositories unless necessary; direct SQLAlchemy usage is preferred for typical tables.
-- Document non-obvious behaviour with concise comments.
-
-## Miscellaneous
-
-- Use `configs.dify_config` for configuration—never read environment variables directly.
-- Maintain tenant awareness end-to-end; `tenant_id` must flow through every layer touching shared resources.
-- Queue async work through `services/async_workflow_service`; implement tasks under `tasks/` with explicit queue selection.
-- Keep experimental scripts under `dev/`; do not ship them in production builds.

api/agent_skills/infra.md

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-## Configuration
-
-- Import `configs.dify_config` for every runtime toggle. Do not read environment variables directly.
-- Add new settings to the proper mixin inside `configs/` (deployment, feature, middleware, etc.) so they load through `DifyConfig`.
-- Remote overrides come from the optional providers in `configs/remote_settings_sources`; keep defaults in code safe when the value is missing.
-- Example: logging pulls targets from `extensions/ext_logging.py`, and model provider URLs are assembled in `services/entities/model_provider_entities.py`.
-
-## Dependencies
-
-- Runtime dependencies live in `[project].dependencies` inside `pyproject.toml`. Optional clients go into the `storage`, `tools`, or `vdb` groups under `[dependency-groups]`.
-- Always pin versions and keep the list alphabetised. Shared tooling (lint, typing, pytest) belongs in the `dev` group.
-- When code needs a new package, explain why in the PR and run `uv lock` so the lockfile stays current.
-
-## Storage & Files
-
-- Use `extensions.ext_storage.storage` for all blob IO; it already respects the configured backend.
-- Convert files for workflows with helpers in `core/file/file_manager.py`; they handle signed URLs and multimodal payloads.
-- When writing controller logic, delegate upload quotas and metadata to `services/file_service.py` instead of touching storage directly.
-- All outbound HTTP fetches (webhooks, remote files) must go through the SSRF-safe client in `core/helper/ssrf_proxy.py`; it wraps `httpx` with the allow/deny rules configured for the platform.
-
-## Redis & Shared State
-
-- Access Redis through `extensions.ext_redis.redis_client`. For locking, reuse `redis_client.lock`.
-- Prefer higher-level helpers when available: rate limits use `libs.helper.RateLimiter`, provider metadata uses caches in `core/helper/provider_cache.py`.
-
-## Models
-
-- SQLAlchemy models sit in `models/` and inherit from the shared declarative `Base` defined in `models/base.py` (metadata configured via `models/engine.py`).
-- `models/__init__.py` exposes grouped aggregates: account/tenant models, app and conversation tables, datasets, providers, workflow runs, triggers, etc. Import from there to avoid deep path churn.
-- Follow the DDD boundary: persistence objects live in `models/`, repositories under `repositories/` translate them into domain entities, and services consume those repositories.
-- When adding a table, create the model class, register it in `models/__init__.py`, wire a repository if needed, and generate an Alembic migration as described below.
-
-## Vector Stores
-
-- Vector client implementations live in `core/rag/datasource/vdb/<provider>`, with a common factory in `core/rag/datasource/vdb/vector_factory.py` and enums in `core/rag/datasource/vdb/vector_type.py`.
-- Retrieval pipelines call these providers through `core/rag/datasource/retrieval_service.py` and dataset ingestion flows in `services/dataset_service.py`.
-- The CLI helper `flask vdb-migrate` orchestrates bulk migrations using routines in `commands.py`; reuse that pattern when adding new backend transitions.
-- To add another store, mirror the provider layout, register it with the factory, and include any schema changes in Alembic migrations.
-
-## Observability & OTEL
-
-- OpenTelemetry settings live under the observability mixin in `configs/observability`. Toggle exporters and sampling via `dify_config`, not ad-hoc env reads.
-- HTTP, Celery, Redis, SQLAlchemy, and httpx instrumentation is initialised in `extensions/ext_app_metrics.py` and `extensions/ext_request_logging.py`; reuse these hooks when adding new workers or entrypoints.
-- When creating background tasks or external calls, propagate tracing context with helpers in the existing instrumented clients (e.g. use the shared `httpx` session from `core/helper/http_client_pooling.py`).
-- If you add a new external integration, ensure spans and metrics are emitted by wiring the appropriate OTEL instrumentation package in `pyproject.toml` and configuring it in `extensions/`.
-
-## Ops Integrations
-
-- Langfuse support and other tracing bridges live under `core/ops/opik_trace`. Config toggles sit in `configs/observability`, while exporters are initialised in the OTEL extensions mentioned above.
-- External monitoring services should follow this pattern: keep client code in `core/ops`, expose switches via `dify_config`, and hook initialisation in `extensions/ext_app_metrics.py` or sibling modules.
-- Before instrumenting new code paths, check whether existing context helpers (e.g. `extensions/ext_request_logging.py`) already capture the necessary metadata.
-
-## Controllers, Services, Core
-
-- Controllers only parse HTTP input and call a service method. Keep business rules in `services/`.
-- Services enforce tenant rules, quotas, and orchestration, then call into `core/` engines (workflow execution, tools, LLMs).
-- When adding a new endpoint, search for an existing service to extend before introducing a new layer. Example: workflow APIs pipe through `services/workflow_service.py` into `core/workflow`.
-
-## Plugins, Tools, Providers
-
-- In Dify a plugin is a tenant-installable bundle that declares one or more providers (tool, model, datasource, trigger, endpoint, agent strategy) plus its resource needs and version metadata. The manifest (`core/plugin/entities/plugin.py`) mirrors what you see in the marketplace documentation.
-- Installation, upgrades, and migrations are orchestrated by `services/plugin/plugin_service.py` together with helpers such as `services/plugin/plugin_migration.py`.
-- Runtime loading happens through the implementations under `core/plugin/impl/*` (tool/model/datasource/trigger/endpoint/agent). These modules normalise plugin providers so that downstream systems (`core/tools/tool_manager.py`, `services/model_provider_service.py`, `services/trigger/*`) can treat builtin and plugin capabilities the same way.
-- For remote execution, plugin daemons (`core/plugin/entities/plugin_daemon.py`, `core/plugin/impl/plugin.py`) manage lifecycle hooks, credential forwarding, and background workers that keep plugin processes in sync with the main application.
-- Acquire tool implementations through `core/tools/tool_manager.py`; it resolves builtin, plugin, and workflow-as-tool providers uniformly, injecting the right context (tenant, credentials, runtime config).
-- To add a new plugin capability, extend the relevant `core/plugin/entities` schema and register the implementation in the matching `core/plugin/impl` module rather than importing the provider directly.
-
-## Async Workloads
-
-see `agent_skills/trigger.md` for more detailed documentation.
-
-- Enqueue background work through `services/async_workflow_service.py`. It routes jobs to the tiered Celery queues defined in `tasks/`.
-- Workers boot from `celery_entrypoint.py` and execute functions in `tasks/workflow_execution_tasks.py`, `tasks/trigger_processing_tasks.py`, etc.
-- Scheduled workflows poll from `schedule/workflow_schedule_tasks.py`. Follow the same pattern if you need new periodic jobs.
-
-## Database & Migrations
-
-- SQLAlchemy models live under `models/` and map directly to migration files in `migrations/versions`.
-- Generate migrations with `uv run --project api flask db revision --autogenerate -m "<summary>"`, then review the diff; never hand-edit the database outside Alembic.
-- Apply migrations locally using `uv run --project api flask db upgrade`; production deploys expect the same history.
-- If you add tenant-scoped data, confirm the upgrade includes tenant filters or defaults consistent with the service logic touching those tables.
-
-## CLI Commands
-
-- Maintenance commands from `commands.py` are registered on the Flask CLI. Run them via `uv run --project api flask <command>`.
-- Use the built-in `db` commands from Flask-Migrate for schema operations (`flask db upgrade`, `flask db stamp`, etc.). Only fall back to custom helpers if you need their extra behaviour.
-- Custom entries such as `flask reset-password`, `flask reset-email`, and `flask vdb-migrate` handle self-hosted account recovery and vector database migrations.
-- Before adding a new command, check whether an existing service can be reused and ensure the command guards edition-specific behaviour (many enforce `SELF_HOSTED`). Document any additions in the PR.
-- Ruff helpers are run directly with `uv`: `uv run --project api --dev ruff format ./api` for formatting and `uv run --project api --dev ruff check ./api` (add `--fix` if you want automatic fixes).
-
-## When You Add Features
-
-- Check for an existing helper or service before writing a new util.
-- Uphold tenancy: every service method should receive the tenant ID from controller wrappers such as `controllers/console/wraps.py`.
-- Update or create tests alongside behaviour changes (`tests/unit_tests` for fast coverage, `tests/integration_tests` when touching orchestrations).
-- Run `uv run --project api --dev ruff check ./api`, `uv run --directory api --dev basedpyright`, and `uv run --project api --dev dev/pytest/pytest_unit_tests.sh` before submitting changes.

api/agent_skills/plugin.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// TBD

api/agent_skills/plugin_oauth.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// TBD

api/agent_skills/trigger.md

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-## Overview
-
-Trigger is a collection of nodes that we called `Start` nodes, also, the concept of `Start` is the same as `RootNode` in the workflow engine `core/workflow/graph_engine`, On the other hand, `Start` node is the entry point of workflows, every workflow run always starts from a `Start` node.
-
-## Trigger nodes
-
-- `UserInput`
-- `Trigger Webhook`
-- `Trigger Schedule`
-- `Trigger Plugin`
-
-### UserInput
-
-Before `Trigger` concept is introduced, it's what we called `Start` node, but now, to avoid confusion, it was renamed to `UserInput` node, has a strong relation with `ServiceAPI` in `controllers/service_api/app`
-
-1. `UserInput` node introduces a list of arguments that need to be provided by the user, finally it will be converted into variables in the workflow variable pool.
-1. `ServiceAPI` accept those arguments, and pass through them into `UserInput` node.
-1. For its detailed implementation, please refer to `core/workflow/nodes/start`
-
-### Trigger Webhook
-
-Inside Webhook Node, Dify provided a UI panel that allows user define a HTTP manifest `core/workflow/nodes/trigger_webhook/entities.py`.`WebhookData`, also, Dify generates a random webhook id for each `Trigger Webhook` node, the implementation was implemented in `core/trigger/utils/endpoint.py`, as you can see, `webhook-debug` is a debug mode for webhook, you may find it in `controllers/trigger/webhook.py`.
-
-Finally, requests to `webhook` endpoint will be converted into variables in workflow variable pool during workflow execution.
-
-### Trigger Schedule
-
-`Trigger Schedule` node is a node that allows user define a schedule to trigger the workflow, detailed manifest is here `core/workflow/nodes/trigger_schedule/entities.py`, we have a poller and executor to handle millions of schedules, see `docker/entrypoint.sh` / `schedule/workflow_schedule_task.py` for help.
-
-To Achieve this, a `WorkflowSchedulePlan` model was introduced in `models/trigger.py`, and a `events/event_handlers/sync_workflow_schedule_when_app_published.py` was used to sync workflow schedule plans when app is published.
-
-### Trigger Plugin
-
-`Trigger Plugin` node allows user define there own distributed trigger plugin, whenever a request was received, Dify forwards it to the plugin and wait for parsed variables from it.
-
-1. Requests were saved in storage by `services/trigger/trigger_request_service.py`, referenced by `services/trigger/trigger_service.py`.`TriggerService`.`process_endpoint`
-1. Plugins accept those requests and parse variables from it, see `core/plugin/impl/trigger.py` for details.
-
-A `subscription` concept was out here by Dify, it means an endpoint address from Dify was bound to thirdparty webhook service like `Github` `Slack` `Linear` `GoogleDrive` `Gmail` etc. Once a subscription was created, Dify continually receives requests from the platforms and handle them one by one.
-
-## Worker Pool / Async Task
-
-All the events that triggered a new workflow run is always in async mode, a unified entrypoint can be found here `services/async_workflow_service.py`.`AsyncWorkflowService`.`trigger_workflow_async`.
-
-The infrastructure we used is `celery`, we've already configured it in `docker/entrypoint.sh`, and the consumers are in `tasks/async_workflow_tasks.py`, 3 queues were used to handle different tiers of users, `PROFESSIONAL_QUEUE` `TEAM_QUEUE` `SANDBOX_QUEUE`.
-
-## Debug Strategy
-
-Dify divided users into 2 groups: builders / end users.
-
-Builders are the users who create workflows, in this stage, debugging a workflow becomes a critical part of the workflow development process, as the start node in workflows, trigger nodes can `listen` to the events from `WebhookDebug` `Schedule` `Plugin`, debugging process was created in `controllers/console/app/workflow.py`.`DraftWorkflowTriggerNodeApi`.
-
-A polling process can be considered as combine of few single `poll` operations, each `poll` operation fetches events cached in `Redis`, returns `None` if no event was found, more detailed implemented: `core/trigger/debug/event_bus.py` was used to handle the polling process, and `core/trigger/debug/event_selectors.py` was used to select the event poller based on the trigger type.

api/app.py

@@ -1,4 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from celery import Celery
+
+    celery: Celery
 
 
 def is_db_command() -> bool:
@@ -23,7 +31,7 @@ else:
     from app_factory import create_app
 
     app = create_app()
-    celery = app.extensions["celery"]
+    celery = cast("Celery", app.extensions["celery"])
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5001)

api/app_factory.py

@@ -1,12 +1,45 @@
 import logging
 import time
 
+from flask import request
+from opentelemetry.trace import get_current_span
+from opentelemetry.trace.span import INVALID_SPAN_ID, INVALID_TRACE_ID
+
 from configs import dify_config
 from contexts.wrapper import RecyclableContextVar
+from controllers.console.error import UnauthorizedAndForceLogout
+from core.logging.context import init_request_context
 from dify_app import DifyApp
+from services.enterprise.enterprise_service import EnterpriseService
+from services.feature_service import LicenseStatus
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# Console bootstrap APIs exempt from license check.
+# Defined at module level to avoid per-request tuple construction.
+# - system-features: license status for expiry UI (GlobalPublicStoreProvider)
+# - setup: install/setup status check (AppInitializer)
+# - init: init password validation for fresh install (InitPasswordPopup)
+# - login: auto-login after setup completion (InstallForm)
+# - features: billing/plan features (ProviderContextProvider)
+# - account/profile: login check + user profile (AppContextProvider, useIsLogin)
+# - workspaces/current: workspace + model providers (AppContextProvider)
+# - version: version check (AppContextProvider)
+# - activate/check: invitation link validation (signin page)
+# Without these exemptions, the signin page triggers location.reload()
+# on unauthorized_and_force_logout, causing an infinite loop.
+_CONSOLE_EXEMPT_PREFIXES = (
+    "/console/api/system-features",
+    "/console/api/setup",
+    "/console/api/init",
+    "/console/api/login",
+    "/console/api/features",
+    "/console/api/account/profile",
+    "/console/api/workspaces/current",
+    "/console/api/version",
+    "/console/api/activate/check",
+)
+
 
 # ----------------------------
 # Application Factory Function
@@ -23,11 +56,68 @@ def create_flask_app_with_configs() -> DifyApp:
     # add before request hook
     @dify_app.before_request
     def before_request():
-        # add an unique identifier to each request
+        # Initialize logging context for this request
+        init_request_context()
         RecyclableContextVar.increment_thread_recycles()
 
+        # Enterprise license validation for API endpoints (both console and webapp)
+        # When license expires, block all API access except bootstrap endpoints needed
+        # for the frontend to load the license expiration page without infinite reloads.
+        if dify_config.ENTERPRISE_ENABLED:
+            is_console_api = request.path.startswith("/console/api/")
+            is_webapp_api = request.path.startswith("/api/")
+
+            if is_console_api or is_webapp_api:
+                if is_console_api:
+                    is_exempt = any(request.path.startswith(p) for p in _CONSOLE_EXEMPT_PREFIXES)
+                else:  # webapp API
+                    is_exempt = request.path.startswith("/api/system-features")
+
+                if not is_exempt:
+                    try:
+                        # Check license status (cached — see EnterpriseService for TTL details)
+                        license_status = EnterpriseService.get_cached_license_status()
+                        if license_status in (LicenseStatus.INACTIVE, LicenseStatus.EXPIRED, LicenseStatus.LOST):
+                            raise UnauthorizedAndForceLogout(
+                                f"Enterprise license is {license_status}. Please contact your administrator."
+                            )
+                        if license_status is None:
+                            raise UnauthorizedAndForceLogout(
+                                "Unable to verify enterprise license. Please contact your administrator."
+                            )
+                    except UnauthorizedAndForceLogout:
+                        raise
+                    except Exception:
+                        logger.exception("Failed to check enterprise license status")
+                        raise UnauthorizedAndForceLogout(
+                            "Unable to verify enterprise license. Please contact your administrator."
+                        )
+
+    # add after request hook for injecting trace headers from OpenTelemetry span context
+    # Only adds headers when OTEL is enabled and has valid context
+    @dify_app.after_request
+    def add_trace_headers(response):
+        try:
+            span = get_current_span()
+            ctx = span.get_span_context() if span else None
+
+            if not ctx or not ctx.is_valid:
+                return response
+
+            # Inject trace headers from OTEL context
+            if ctx.trace_id != INVALID_TRACE_ID and "X-Trace-Id" not in response.headers:
+                response.headers["X-Trace-Id"] = format(ctx.trace_id, "032x")
+            if ctx.span_id != INVALID_SPAN_ID and "X-Span-Id" not in response.headers:
+                response.headers["X-Span-Id"] = format(ctx.span_id, "016x")
+
+        except Exception:
+            # Never break the response due to tracing header injection
+            logger.warning("Failed to add trace headers to response", exc_info=True)
+        return response
+
     # Capture the decorator's return value to avoid pyright reportUnusedFunction
     _ = before_request
+    _ = add_trace_headers
 
     return dify_app
 
@@ -43,6 +133,8 @@ def create_app() -> DifyApp:
 
 
 def initialize_extensions(app: DifyApp):
+    # Initialize Flask context capture for workflow execution
+    from context.flask_app_context import init_flask_context
     from extensions import (
         ext_app_metrics,
         ext_blueprints,
@@ -51,10 +143,13 @@ def initialize_extensions(app: DifyApp):
         ext_commands,
         ext_compress,
         ext_database,
+        ext_fastopenapi,
+        ext_forward_refs,
         ext_hosting_provider,
         ext_import_modules,
         ext_logging,
         ext_login,
+        ext_logstore,
         ext_mail,
         ext_migrate,
         ext_orjson,
@@ -63,18 +158,22 @@ def initialize_extensions(app: DifyApp):
         ext_redis,
         ext_request_logging,
         ext_sentry,
+        ext_session_factory,
         ext_set_secretkey,
         ext_storage,
         ext_timezone,
         ext_warnings,
     )
 
+    init_flask_context()
+
     extensions = [
         ext_timezone,
         ext_logging,
         ext_warnings,
         ext_import_modules,
         ext_orjson,
+        ext_forward_refs,
         ext_set_secretkey,
         ext_compress,
         ext_code_based_extension,
@@ -83,6 +182,7 @@ def initialize_extensions(app: DifyApp):
         ext_migrate,
         ext_redis,
         ext_storage,
+        ext_logstore,  # Initialize logstore after storage, before celery
         ext_celery,
         ext_login,
         ext_mail,
@@ -91,8 +191,10 @@ def initialize_extensions(app: DifyApp):
         ext_proxy_fix,
         ext_blueprints,
         ext_commands,
+        ext_fastopenapi,
         ext_otel,
         ext_request_logging,
+        ext_session_factory,
     ]
     for ext in extensions:
         short_name = ext.__name__.split(".")[-1]
@@ -109,7 +211,7 @@ def initialize_extensions(app: DifyApp):
             logger.info("Loaded %s (%s ms)", short_name, round((end_time - start_time) * 1000, 2))
 
 
-def create_migrations_app():
+def create_migrations_app() -> DifyApp:
     app = create_flask_app_with_configs()
     from extensions import ext_database, ext_migrate
 

api/commands/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""
+CLI command modules extracted from `commands.py`.
+"""
+
+from .account import create_tenant, reset_email, reset_password
+from .plugin import (
+    extract_plugins,
+    extract_unique_plugins,
+    install_plugins,
+    install_rag_pipeline_plugins,
+    migrate_data_for_plugin,
+    setup_datasource_oauth_client,
+    setup_system_tool_oauth_client,
+    setup_system_trigger_oauth_client,
+    transform_datasource_credentials,
+)
+from .retention import (
+    archive_workflow_runs,
+    clean_expired_messages,
+    clean_workflow_runs,
+    cleanup_orphaned_draft_variables,
+    clear_free_plan_tenant_expired_logs,
+    delete_archived_workflow_runs,
+    export_app_messages,
+    restore_workflow_runs,
+)
+from .storage import clear_orphaned_file_records, file_usage, migrate_oss, remove_orphaned_files_on_storage
+from .system import convert_to_agent_apps, fix_app_site_missing, reset_encrypt_key_pair, upgrade_db
+from .vector import (
+    add_qdrant_index,
+    migrate_annotation_vector_database,
+    migrate_knowledge_vector_database,
+    old_metadata_migration,
+    vdb_migrate,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "add_qdrant_index",
+    "archive_workflow_runs",
+    "clean_expired_messages",
+    "clean_workflow_runs",
+    "cleanup_orphaned_draft_variables",
+    "clear_free_plan_tenant_expired_logs",
+    "clear_orphaned_file_records",
+    "convert_to_agent_apps",
+    "create_tenant",
+    "delete_archived_workflow_runs",
+    "export_app_messages",
+    "extract_plugins",
+    "extract_unique_plugins",
+    "file_usage",
+    "fix_app_site_missing",
+    "install_plugins",
+    "install_rag_pipeline_plugins",
+    "migrate_annotation_vector_database",
+    "migrate_data_for_plugin",
+    "migrate_knowledge_vector_database",
+    "migrate_oss",
+    "old_metadata_migration",
+    "remove_orphaned_files_on_storage",
+    "reset_email",
+    "reset_encrypt_key_pair",
+    "reset_password",
+    "restore_workflow_runs",
+    "setup_datasource_oauth_client",
+    "setup_system_tool_oauth_client",
+    "setup_system_trigger_oauth_client",
+    "transform_datasource_credentials",
+    "upgrade_db",
+    "vdb_migrate",
+]

api/commands/account.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import base64
+import secrets
+
+import click
+from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+
+from constants.languages import languages
+from extensions.ext_database import db
+from libs.helper import email as email_validate
+from libs.password import hash_password, password_pattern, valid_password
+from services.account_service import AccountService, RegisterService, TenantService
+
+
+@click.command("reset-password", help="Reset the account password.")
+@click.option("--email", prompt=True, help="Account email to reset password for")
+@click.option("--new-password", prompt=True, help="New password")
+@click.option("--password-confirm", prompt=True, help="Confirm new password")
+def reset_password(email, new_password, password_confirm):
+    """
+    Reset password of owner account
+    Only available in SELF_HOSTED mode
+    """
+    if str(new_password).strip() != str(password_confirm).strip():
+        click.echo(click.style("Passwords do not match.", fg="red"))
+        return
+    normalized_email = email.strip().lower()
+
+    with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
+        account = AccountService.get_account_by_email_with_case_fallback(email.strip(), session=session)
+
+        if not account:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"Account not found for email: {email}", fg="red"))
+            return
+
+        try:
+            valid_password(new_password)
+        except:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"Invalid password. Must match {password_pattern}", fg="red"))
+            return
+
+        # generate password salt
+        salt = secrets.token_bytes(16)
+        base64_salt = base64.b64encode(salt).decode()
+
+        # encrypt password with salt
+        password_hashed = hash_password(new_password, salt)
+        base64_password_hashed = base64.b64encode(password_hashed).decode()
+        account.password = base64_password_hashed
+        account.password_salt = base64_salt
+        AccountService.reset_login_error_rate_limit(normalized_email)
+        click.echo(click.style("Password reset successfully.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("reset-email", help="Reset the account email.")
+@click.option("--email", prompt=True, help="Current account email")
+@click.option("--new-email", prompt=True, help="New email")
+@click.option("--email-confirm", prompt=True, help="Confirm new email")
+def reset_email(email, new_email, email_confirm):
+    """
+    Replace account email
+    :return:
+    """
+    if str(new_email).strip() != str(email_confirm).strip():
+        click.echo(click.style("New emails do not match.", fg="red"))
+        return
+    normalized_new_email = new_email.strip().lower()
+
+    with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
+        account = AccountService.get_account_by_email_with_case_fallback(email.strip(), session=session)
+
+        if not account:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"Account not found for email: {email}", fg="red"))
+            return
+
+        try:
+            email_validate(normalized_new_email)
+        except:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"Invalid email: {new_email}", fg="red"))
+            return
+
+        account.email = normalized_new_email
+        click.echo(click.style("Email updated successfully.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("create-tenant", help="Create account and tenant.")
+@click.option("--email", prompt=True, help="Tenant account email.")
+@click.option("--name", prompt=True, help="Workspace name.")
+@click.option("--language", prompt=True, help="Account language, default: en-US.")
+def create_tenant(email: str, language: str | None = None, name: str | None = None):
+    """
+    Create tenant account
+    """
+    if not email:
+        click.echo(click.style("Email is required.", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    # Create account
+    email = email.strip().lower()
+
+    if "@" not in email:
+        click.echo(click.style("Invalid email address.", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    account_name = email.split("@")[0]
+
+    if language not in languages:
+        language = "en-US"
+
+    # Validates name encoding for non-Latin characters.
+    name = name.strip().encode("utf-8").decode("utf-8") if name else None
+
+    # generate random password
+    new_password = secrets.token_urlsafe(16)
+
+    # register account
+    account = RegisterService.register(
+        email=email,
+        name=account_name,
+        password=new_password,
+        language=language,
+        create_workspace_required=False,
+    )
+    TenantService.create_owner_tenant_if_not_exist(account, name)
+
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Account and tenant created.\nAccount: {email}\nPassword: {new_password}",
+            fg="green",
+        )
+    )

api/commands/plugin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+import json
+import logging
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+import click
+from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+from sqlalchemy import delete, select
+from sqlalchemy.engine import CursorResult
+
+from configs import dify_config
+from core.helper import encrypter
+from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import CredentialType
+from core.plugin.impl.plugin import PluginInstaller
+from core.tools.utils.system_oauth_encryption import encrypt_system_oauth_params
+from extensions.ext_database import db
+from models import Tenant
+from models.oauth import DatasourceOauthParamConfig, DatasourceProvider
+from models.provider_ids import DatasourceProviderID, ToolProviderID
+from models.source import DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding, DataSourceOauthBinding
+from models.tools import ToolOAuthSystemClient
+from services.plugin.data_migration import PluginDataMigration
+from services.plugin.plugin_migration import PluginMigration
+from services.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@click.command("setup-system-tool-oauth-client", help="Setup system tool oauth client.")
+@click.option("--provider", prompt=True, help="Provider name")
+@click.option("--client-params", prompt=True, help="Client Params")
+def setup_system_tool_oauth_client(provider, client_params):
+    """
+    Setup system tool oauth client
+    """
+    provider_id = ToolProviderID(provider)
+    provider_name = provider_id.provider_name
+    plugin_id = provider_id.plugin_id
+
+    try:
+        # json validate
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Validating client params: {client_params}", fg="yellow"))
+        client_params_dict = TypeAdapter(dict[str, Any]).validate_json(client_params)
+        click.echo(click.style("Client params validated successfully.", fg="green"))
+
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Encrypting client params: {client_params}", fg="yellow"))
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Using SECRET_KEY: `{dify_config.SECRET_KEY}`", fg="yellow"))
+        oauth_client_params = encrypt_system_oauth_params(client_params_dict)
+        click.echo(click.style("Client params encrypted successfully.", fg="green"))
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error parsing client params: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    deleted_count = cast(
+        CursorResult,
+        db.session.execute(
+            delete(ToolOAuthSystemClient).where(
+                ToolOAuthSystemClient.provider == provider_name,
+                ToolOAuthSystemClient.plugin_id == plugin_id,
+            )
+        ),
+    ).rowcount
+    if deleted_count > 0:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Deleted {deleted_count} existing oauth client params.", fg="yellow"))
+
+    oauth_client = ToolOAuthSystemClient(
+        provider=provider_name,
+        plugin_id=plugin_id,
+        encrypted_oauth_params=oauth_client_params,
+    )
+    db.session.add(oauth_client)
+    db.session.commit()
+    click.echo(click.style(f"OAuth client params setup successfully. id: {oauth_client.id}", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("setup-system-trigger-oauth-client", help="Setup system trigger oauth client.")
+@click.option("--provider", prompt=True, help="Provider name")
+@click.option("--client-params", prompt=True, help="Client Params")
+def setup_system_trigger_oauth_client(provider, client_params):
+    """
+    Setup system trigger oauth client
+    """
+    from models.provider_ids import TriggerProviderID
+    from models.trigger import TriggerOAuthSystemClient
+
+    provider_id = TriggerProviderID(provider)
+    provider_name = provider_id.provider_name
+    plugin_id = provider_id.plugin_id
+
+    try:
+        # json validate
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Validating client params: {client_params}", fg="yellow"))
+        client_params_dict = TypeAdapter(dict[str, Any]).validate_json(client_params)
+        click.echo(click.style("Client params validated successfully.", fg="green"))
+
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Encrypting client params: {client_params}", fg="yellow"))
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Using SECRET_KEY: `{dify_config.SECRET_KEY}`", fg="yellow"))
+        oauth_client_params = encrypt_system_oauth_params(client_params_dict)
+        click.echo(click.style("Client params encrypted successfully.", fg="green"))
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error parsing client params: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    deleted_count = cast(
+        CursorResult,
+        db.session.execute(
+            delete(TriggerOAuthSystemClient).where(
+                TriggerOAuthSystemClient.provider == provider_name,
+                TriggerOAuthSystemClient.plugin_id == plugin_id,
+            )
+        ),
+    ).rowcount
+    if deleted_count > 0:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Deleted {deleted_count} existing oauth client params.", fg="yellow"))
+
+    oauth_client = TriggerOAuthSystemClient(
+        provider=provider_name,
+        plugin_id=plugin_id,
+        encrypted_oauth_params=oauth_client_params,
+    )
+    db.session.add(oauth_client)
+    db.session.commit()
+    click.echo(click.style(f"OAuth client params setup successfully. id: {oauth_client.id}", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("setup-datasource-oauth-client", help="Setup datasource oauth client.")
+@click.option("--provider", prompt=True, help="Provider name")
+@click.option("--client-params", prompt=True, help="Client Params")
+def setup_datasource_oauth_client(provider, client_params):
+    """
+    Setup datasource oauth client
+    """
+    provider_id = DatasourceProviderID(provider)
+    provider_name = provider_id.provider_name
+    plugin_id = provider_id.plugin_id
+
+    try:
+        # json validate
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Validating client params: {client_params}", fg="yellow"))
+        client_params_dict = TypeAdapter(dict[str, Any]).validate_json(client_params)
+        click.echo(click.style("Client params validated successfully.", fg="green"))
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error parsing client params: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Ready to delete existing oauth client params: {provider_name}", fg="yellow"))
+    deleted_count = cast(
+        CursorResult,
+        db.session.execute(
+            delete(DatasourceOauthParamConfig).where(
+                DatasourceOauthParamConfig.provider == provider_name,
+                DatasourceOauthParamConfig.plugin_id == plugin_id,
+            )
+        ),
+    ).rowcount
+    if deleted_count > 0:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Deleted {deleted_count} existing oauth client params.", fg="yellow"))
+
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Ready to setup datasource oauth client: {provider_name}", fg="yellow"))
+    oauth_client = DatasourceOauthParamConfig(
+        provider=provider_name,
+        plugin_id=plugin_id,
+        system_credentials=client_params_dict,
+    )
+    db.session.add(oauth_client)
+    db.session.commit()
+    click.echo(click.style(f"provider: {provider_name}", fg="green"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"plugin_id: {plugin_id}", fg="green"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"params: {json.dumps(client_params_dict, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}", fg="green"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Datasource oauth client setup successfully. id: {oauth_client.id}", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("transform-datasource-credentials", help="Transform datasource credentials.")
+@click.option(
+    "--environment", prompt=True, help="the environment to transform datasource credentials", default="online"
+)
+def transform_datasource_credentials(environment: str):
+    """
+    Transform datasource credentials
+    """
+    try:
+        installer_manager = PluginInstaller()
+        plugin_migration = PluginMigration()
+
+        notion_plugin_id = "langgenius/notion_datasource"
+        firecrawl_plugin_id = "langgenius/firecrawl_datasource"
+        jina_plugin_id = "langgenius/jina_datasource"
+        if environment == "online":
+            notion_plugin_unique_identifier = plugin_migration._fetch_plugin_unique_identifier(notion_plugin_id)  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            firecrawl_plugin_unique_identifier = plugin_migration._fetch_plugin_unique_identifier(firecrawl_plugin_id)  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            jina_plugin_unique_identifier = plugin_migration._fetch_plugin_unique_identifier(jina_plugin_id)  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+        else:
+            notion_plugin_unique_identifier = None
+            firecrawl_plugin_unique_identifier = None
+            jina_plugin_unique_identifier = None
+        oauth_credential_type = CredentialType.OAUTH2
+        api_key_credential_type = CredentialType.API_KEY
+
+        # deal notion credentials
+        deal_notion_count = 0
+        notion_credentials = db.session.scalars(
+            select(DataSourceOauthBinding).where(DataSourceOauthBinding.provider == "notion")
+        ).all()
+        if notion_credentials:
+            notion_credentials_tenant_mapping: dict[str, list[DataSourceOauthBinding]] = {}
+            for notion_credential in notion_credentials:
+                tenant_id = notion_credential.tenant_id
+                if tenant_id not in notion_credentials_tenant_mapping:
+                    notion_credentials_tenant_mapping[tenant_id] = []
+                notion_credentials_tenant_mapping[tenant_id].append(notion_credential)
+            for tenant_id, notion_tenant_credentials in notion_credentials_tenant_mapping.items():
+                tenant = db.session.scalar(select(Tenant).where(Tenant.id == tenant_id))
+                if not tenant:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    # check notion plugin is installed
+                    installed_plugins = installer_manager.list_plugins(tenant_id)
+                    installed_plugins_ids = [plugin.plugin_id for plugin in installed_plugins]
+                    if notion_plugin_id not in installed_plugins_ids:
+                        if notion_plugin_unique_identifier:
+                            # install notion plugin
+                            PluginService.install_from_marketplace_pkg(tenant_id, [notion_plugin_unique_identifier])
+                    auth_count = 0
+                    for notion_tenant_credential in notion_tenant_credentials:
+                        auth_count += 1
+                        # get credential oauth params
+                        access_token = notion_tenant_credential.access_token
+                        # notion info
+                        notion_info = notion_tenant_credential.source_info
+                        workspace_id = notion_info.get("workspace_id")
+                        workspace_name = notion_info.get("workspace_name")
+                        workspace_icon = notion_info.get("workspace_icon")
+                        new_credentials = {
+                            "integration_secret": encrypter.encrypt_token(tenant_id, access_token),
+                            "workspace_id": workspace_id,
+                            "workspace_name": workspace_name,
+                            "workspace_icon": workspace_icon,
+                        }
+                        datasource_provider = DatasourceProvider(
+                            provider="notion_datasource",
+                            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                            plugin_id=notion_plugin_id,
+                            auth_type=oauth_credential_type.value,
+                            encrypted_credentials=new_credentials,
+                            name=f"Auth {auth_count}",
+                            avatar_url=workspace_icon or "default",
+                            is_default=False,
+                        )
+                        db.session.add(datasource_provider)
+                        deal_notion_count += 1
+                except Exception as e:
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            f"Error transforming notion credentials: {str(e)}, tenant_id: {tenant_id}", fg="red"
+                        )
+                    )
+                    continue
+                db.session.commit()
+        # deal firecrawl credentials
+        deal_firecrawl_count = 0
+        firecrawl_credentials = db.session.scalars(
+            select(DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding).where(DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding.provider == "firecrawl")
+        ).all()
+        if firecrawl_credentials:
+            firecrawl_credentials_tenant_mapping: dict[str, list[DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding]] = {}
+            for firecrawl_credential in firecrawl_credentials:
+                tenant_id = firecrawl_credential.tenant_id
+                if tenant_id not in firecrawl_credentials_tenant_mapping:
+                    firecrawl_credentials_tenant_mapping[tenant_id] = []
+                firecrawl_credentials_tenant_mapping[tenant_id].append(firecrawl_credential)
+            for tenant_id, firecrawl_tenant_credentials in firecrawl_credentials_tenant_mapping.items():
+                tenant = db.session.scalar(select(Tenant).where(Tenant.id == tenant_id))
+                if not tenant:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    # check firecrawl plugin is installed
+                    installed_plugins = installer_manager.list_plugins(tenant_id)
+                    installed_plugins_ids = [plugin.plugin_id for plugin in installed_plugins]
+                    if firecrawl_plugin_id not in installed_plugins_ids:
+                        if firecrawl_plugin_unique_identifier:
+                            # install firecrawl plugin
+                            PluginService.install_from_marketplace_pkg(tenant_id, [firecrawl_plugin_unique_identifier])
+
+                    auth_count = 0
+                    for firecrawl_tenant_credential in firecrawl_tenant_credentials:
+                        auth_count += 1
+                        if not firecrawl_tenant_credential.credentials:
+                            click.echo(
+                                click.style(
+                                    f"Skipping firecrawl credential for tenant {tenant_id} due to missing credentials.",
+                                    fg="yellow",
+                                )
+                            )
+                            continue
+                        # get credential api key
+                        credentials_json = json.loads(firecrawl_tenant_credential.credentials)
+                        api_key = credentials_json.get("config", {}).get("api_key")
+                        base_url = credentials_json.get("config", {}).get("base_url")
+                        new_credentials = {
+                            "firecrawl_api_key": api_key,
+                            "base_url": base_url,
+                        }
+                        datasource_provider = DatasourceProvider(
+                            provider="firecrawl",
+                            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                            plugin_id=firecrawl_plugin_id,
+                            auth_type=api_key_credential_type.value,
+                            encrypted_credentials=new_credentials,
+                            name=f"Auth {auth_count}",
+                            avatar_url="default",
+                            is_default=False,
+                        )
+                        db.session.add(datasource_provider)
+                        deal_firecrawl_count += 1
+                except Exception as e:
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            f"Error transforming firecrawl credentials: {str(e)}, tenant_id: {tenant_id}", fg="red"
+                        )
+                    )
+                    continue
+                db.session.commit()
+        # deal jina credentials
+        deal_jina_count = 0
+        jina_credentials = db.session.scalars(
+            select(DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding).where(DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding.provider == "jinareader")
+        ).all()
+        if jina_credentials:
+            jina_credentials_tenant_mapping: dict[str, list[DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding]] = {}
+            for jina_credential in jina_credentials:
+                tenant_id = jina_credential.tenant_id
+                if tenant_id not in jina_credentials_tenant_mapping:
+                    jina_credentials_tenant_mapping[tenant_id] = []
+                jina_credentials_tenant_mapping[tenant_id].append(jina_credential)
+            for tenant_id, jina_tenant_credentials in jina_credentials_tenant_mapping.items():
+                tenant = db.session.scalar(select(Tenant).where(Tenant.id == tenant_id))
+                if not tenant:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    # check jina plugin is installed
+                    installed_plugins = installer_manager.list_plugins(tenant_id)
+                    installed_plugins_ids = [plugin.plugin_id for plugin in installed_plugins]
+                    if jina_plugin_id not in installed_plugins_ids:
+                        if jina_plugin_unique_identifier:
+                            # install jina plugin
+                            logger.debug("Installing Jina plugin %s", jina_plugin_unique_identifier)
+                            PluginService.install_from_marketplace_pkg(tenant_id, [jina_plugin_unique_identifier])
+
+                    auth_count = 0
+                    for jina_tenant_credential in jina_tenant_credentials:
+                        auth_count += 1
+                        if not jina_tenant_credential.credentials:
+                            click.echo(
+                                click.style(
+                                    f"Skipping jina credential for tenant {tenant_id} due to missing credentials.",
+                                    fg="yellow",
+                                )
+                            )
+                            continue
+                        # get credential api key
+                        credentials_json = json.loads(jina_tenant_credential.credentials)
+                        api_key = credentials_json.get("config", {}).get("api_key")
+                        new_credentials = {
+                            "integration_secret": api_key,
+                        }
+                        datasource_provider = DatasourceProvider(
+                            provider="jinareader",
+                            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                            plugin_id=jina_plugin_id,
+                            auth_type=api_key_credential_type.value,
+                            encrypted_credentials=new_credentials,
+                            name=f"Auth {auth_count}",
+                            avatar_url="default",
+                            is_default=False,
+                        )
+                        db.session.add(datasource_provider)
+                        deal_jina_count += 1
+                except Exception as e:
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(f"Error transforming jina credentials: {str(e)}, tenant_id: {tenant_id}", fg="red")
+                    )
+                    continue
+                db.session.commit()
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error parsing client params: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Transforming notion successfully. deal_notion_count: {deal_notion_count}", fg="green"))
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(f"Transforming firecrawl successfully. deal_firecrawl_count: {deal_firecrawl_count}", fg="green")
+    )
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Transforming jina successfully. deal_jina_count: {deal_jina_count}", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("migrate-data-for-plugin", help="Migrate data for plugin.")
+def migrate_data_for_plugin():
+    """
+    Migrate data for plugin.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting migrate data for plugin.", fg="white"))
+
+    PluginDataMigration.migrate()
+
+    click.echo(click.style("Migrate data for plugin completed.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("extract-plugins", help="Extract plugins.")
+@click.option("--output_file", prompt=True, help="The file to store the extracted plugins.", default="plugins.jsonl")
+@click.option("--workers", prompt=True, help="The number of workers to extract plugins.", default=10)
+def extract_plugins(output_file: str, workers: int):
+    """
+    Extract plugins.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting extract plugins.", fg="white"))
+
+    PluginMigration.extract_plugins(output_file, workers)
+
+    click.echo(click.style("Extract plugins completed.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("extract-unique-identifiers", help="Extract unique identifiers.")
+@click.option(
+    "--output_file",
+    prompt=True,
+    help="The file to store the extracted unique identifiers.",
+    default="unique_identifiers.json",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--input_file", prompt=True, help="The file to store the extracted unique identifiers.", default="plugins.jsonl"
+)
+def extract_unique_plugins(output_file: str, input_file: str):
+    """
+    Extract unique plugins.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting extract unique plugins.", fg="white"))
+
+    PluginMigration.extract_unique_plugins_to_file(input_file, output_file)
+
+    click.echo(click.style("Extract unique plugins completed.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("install-plugins", help="Install plugins.")
+@click.option(
+    "--input_file", prompt=True, help="The file to store the extracted unique identifiers.", default="plugins.jsonl"
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--output_file", prompt=True, help="The file to store the installed plugins.", default="installed_plugins.jsonl"
+)
+@click.option("--workers", prompt=True, help="The number of workers to install plugins.", default=100)
+def install_plugins(input_file: str, output_file: str, workers: int):
+    """
+    Install plugins.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting install plugins.", fg="white"))
+
+    PluginMigration.install_plugins(input_file, output_file, workers)
+
+    click.echo(click.style("Install plugins completed.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("install-rag-pipeline-plugins", help="Install rag pipeline plugins.")
+@click.option(
+    "--input_file", prompt=True, help="The file to store the extracted unique identifiers.", default="plugins.jsonl"
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--output_file", prompt=True, help="The file to store the installed plugins.", default="installed_plugins.jsonl"
+)
+@click.option("--workers", prompt=True, help="The number of workers to install plugins.", default=100)
+def install_rag_pipeline_plugins(input_file, output_file, workers):
+    """
+    Install rag pipeline plugins
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Installing rag pipeline plugins", fg="yellow"))
+    plugin_migration = PluginMigration()
+    plugin_migration.install_rag_pipeline_plugins(
+        input_file,
+        output_file,
+        workers,
+    )
+    click.echo(click.style("Installing rag pipeline plugins successfully", fg="green"))

api/commands/retention.py

@@ -0,0 +1,857 @@
+import datetime
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+import click
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+from extensions.ext_database import db
+from libs.datetime_utils import naive_utc_now
+from services.clear_free_plan_tenant_expired_logs import ClearFreePlanTenantExpiredLogs
+from services.retention.conversation.messages_clean_policy import create_message_clean_policy
+from services.retention.conversation.messages_clean_service import MessagesCleanService
+from services.retention.workflow_run.clear_free_plan_expired_workflow_run_logs import WorkflowRunCleanup
+from tasks.remove_app_and_related_data_task import delete_draft_variables_batch
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@click.command("clear-free-plan-tenant-expired-logs", help="Clear free plan tenant expired logs.")
+@click.option("--days", prompt=True, help="The days to clear free plan tenant expired logs.", default=30)
+@click.option("--batch", prompt=True, help="The batch size to clear free plan tenant expired logs.", default=100)
+@click.option(
+    "--tenant_ids",
+    prompt=True,
+    multiple=True,
+    help="The tenant ids to clear free plan tenant expired logs.",
+)
+def clear_free_plan_tenant_expired_logs(days: int, batch: int, tenant_ids: list[str]):
+    """
+    Clear free plan tenant expired logs.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting clear free plan tenant expired logs.", fg="white"))
+
+    ClearFreePlanTenantExpiredLogs.process(days, batch, tenant_ids)
+
+    click.echo(click.style("Clear free plan tenant expired logs completed.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("clean-workflow-runs", help="Clean expired workflow runs and related data for free tenants.")
+@click.option(
+    "--before-days",
+    "--days",
+    default=30,
+    show_default=True,
+    type=click.IntRange(min=0),
+    help="Delete workflow runs created before N days ago.",
+)
+@click.option("--batch-size", default=200, show_default=True, help="Batch size for selecting workflow runs.")
+@click.option(
+    "--from-days-ago",
+    default=None,
+    type=click.IntRange(min=0),
+    help="Lower bound in days ago (older). Must be paired with --to-days-ago.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--to-days-ago",
+    default=None,
+    type=click.IntRange(min=0),
+    help="Upper bound in days ago (newer). Must be paired with --from-days-ago.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--start-from",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Optional lower bound (inclusive) for created_at; must be paired with --end-before.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--end-before",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Optional upper bound (exclusive) for created_at; must be paired with --start-from.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--dry-run",
+    is_flag=True,
+    help="Preview cleanup results without deleting any workflow run data.",
+)
+def clean_workflow_runs(
+    before_days: int,
+    batch_size: int,
+    from_days_ago: int | None,
+    to_days_ago: int | None,
+    start_from: datetime.datetime | None,
+    end_before: datetime.datetime | None,
+    dry_run: bool,
+):
+    """
+    Clean workflow runs and related workflow data for free tenants.
+    """
+    from extensions.otel.runtime import flush_telemetry
+
+    if (start_from is None) ^ (end_before is None):
+        raise click.UsageError("--start-from and --end-before must be provided together.")
+
+    if (from_days_ago is None) ^ (to_days_ago is None):
+        raise click.UsageError("--from-days-ago and --to-days-ago must be provided together.")
+
+    if from_days_ago is not None and to_days_ago is not None:
+        if start_from or end_before:
+            raise click.UsageError("Choose either day offsets or explicit dates, not both.")
+        if from_days_ago <= to_days_ago:
+            raise click.UsageError("--from-days-ago must be greater than --to-days-ago.")
+        now = datetime.datetime.now()
+        start_from = now - datetime.timedelta(days=from_days_ago)
+        end_before = now - datetime.timedelta(days=to_days_ago)
+        before_days = 0
+
+    if from_days_ago is not None and to_days_ago is not None:
+        task_label = f"{from_days_ago}to{to_days_ago}"
+    elif start_from is None:
+        task_label = f"before-{before_days}"
+    else:
+        task_label = "custom"
+
+    start_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Starting workflow run cleanup at {start_time.isoformat()}.", fg="white"))
+
+    try:
+        WorkflowRunCleanup(
+            days=before_days,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            start_from=start_from,
+            end_before=end_before,
+            dry_run=dry_run,
+            task_label=task_label,
+        ).run()
+    finally:
+        flush_telemetry()
+
+    end_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    elapsed = end_time - start_time
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Workflow run cleanup completed. start={start_time.isoformat()} "
+            f"end={end_time.isoformat()} duration={elapsed}",
+            fg="green",
+        )
+    )
+
+
+@click.command(
+    "archive-workflow-runs",
+    help="Archive workflow runs for paid plan tenants to S3-compatible storage.",
+)
+@click.option("--tenant-ids", default=None, help="Optional comma-separated tenant IDs for grayscale rollout.")
+@click.option("--before-days", default=90, show_default=True, help="Archive runs older than N days.")
+@click.option(
+    "--from-days-ago",
+    default=None,
+    type=click.IntRange(min=0),
+    help="Lower bound in days ago (older). Must be paired with --to-days-ago.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--to-days-ago",
+    default=None,
+    type=click.IntRange(min=0),
+    help="Upper bound in days ago (newer). Must be paired with --from-days-ago.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--start-from",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Archive runs created at or after this timestamp (UTC if no timezone).",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--end-before",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Archive runs created before this timestamp (UTC if no timezone).",
+)
+@click.option("--batch-size", default=100, show_default=True, help="Batch size for processing.")
+@click.option("--workers", default=1, show_default=True, type=int, help="Concurrent workflow runs to archive.")
+@click.option("--limit", default=None, type=int, help="Maximum number of runs to archive.")
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, help="Preview without archiving.")
+@click.option("--delete-after-archive", is_flag=True, help="Delete runs and related data after archiving.")
+def archive_workflow_runs(
+    tenant_ids: str | None,
+    before_days: int,
+    from_days_ago: int | None,
+    to_days_ago: int | None,
+    start_from: datetime.datetime | None,
+    end_before: datetime.datetime | None,
+    batch_size: int,
+    workers: int,
+    limit: int | None,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    delete_after_archive: bool,
+):
+    """
+    Archive workflow runs for paid plan tenants older than the specified days.
+
+    This command archives the following tables to storage:
+    - workflow_node_executions
+    - workflow_node_execution_offload
+    - workflow_pauses
+    - workflow_pause_reasons
+    - workflow_trigger_logs
+
+    The workflow_runs and workflow_app_logs tables are preserved for UI listing.
+    """
+    from services.retention.workflow_run.archive_paid_plan_workflow_run import WorkflowRunArchiver
+
+    run_started_at = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Starting workflow run archiving at {run_started_at.isoformat()}.",
+            fg="white",
+        )
+    )
+
+    if (start_from is None) ^ (end_before is None):
+        click.echo(click.style("start-from and end-before must be provided together.", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    if (from_days_ago is None) ^ (to_days_ago is None):
+        click.echo(click.style("from-days-ago and to-days-ago must be provided together.", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    if from_days_ago is not None and to_days_ago is not None:
+        if start_from or end_before:
+            click.echo(click.style("Choose either day offsets or explicit dates, not both.", fg="red"))
+            return
+        if from_days_ago <= to_days_ago:
+            click.echo(click.style("from-days-ago must be greater than to-days-ago.", fg="red"))
+            return
+        now = datetime.datetime.now()
+        start_from = now - datetime.timedelta(days=from_days_ago)
+        end_before = now - datetime.timedelta(days=to_days_ago)
+        before_days = 0
+
+    if start_from and end_before and start_from >= end_before:
+        click.echo(click.style("start-from must be earlier than end-before.", fg="red"))
+        return
+    if workers < 1:
+        click.echo(click.style("workers must be at least 1.", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    archiver = WorkflowRunArchiver(
+        days=before_days,
+        batch_size=batch_size,
+        start_from=start_from,
+        end_before=end_before,
+        workers=workers,
+        tenant_ids=[tid.strip() for tid in tenant_ids.split(",")] if tenant_ids else None,
+        limit=limit,
+        dry_run=dry_run,
+        delete_after_archive=delete_after_archive,
+    )
+    summary = archiver.run()
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Summary: processed={summary.total_runs_processed}, archived={summary.runs_archived}, "
+            f"skipped={summary.runs_skipped}, failed={summary.runs_failed}, "
+            f"time={summary.total_elapsed_time:.2f}s",
+            fg="cyan",
+        )
+    )
+
+    run_finished_at = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    elapsed = run_finished_at - run_started_at
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Workflow run archiving completed. start={run_started_at.isoformat()} "
+            f"end={run_finished_at.isoformat()} duration={elapsed}",
+            fg="green",
+        )
+    )
+
+
+@click.command(
+    "restore-workflow-runs",
+    help="Restore archived workflow runs from S3-compatible storage.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--tenant-ids",
+    required=False,
+    help="Tenant IDs (comma-separated).",
+)
+@click.option("--run-id", required=False, help="Workflow run ID to restore.")
+@click.option(
+    "--start-from",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Optional lower bound (inclusive) for created_at; must be paired with --end-before.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--end-before",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Optional upper bound (exclusive) for created_at; must be paired with --start-from.",
+)
+@click.option("--workers", default=1, show_default=True, type=int, help="Concurrent workflow runs to restore.")
+@click.option("--limit", type=int, default=100, show_default=True, help="Maximum number of runs to restore.")
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, help="Preview without restoring.")
+def restore_workflow_runs(
+    tenant_ids: str | None,
+    run_id: str | None,
+    start_from: datetime.datetime | None,
+    end_before: datetime.datetime | None,
+    workers: int,
+    limit: int,
+    dry_run: bool,
+):
+    """
+    Restore an archived workflow run from storage to the database.
+
+    This restores the following tables:
+    - workflow_node_executions
+    - workflow_node_execution_offload
+    - workflow_pauses
+    - workflow_pause_reasons
+    - workflow_trigger_logs
+    """
+    from services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run import WorkflowRunRestore
+
+    parsed_tenant_ids = None
+    if tenant_ids:
+        parsed_tenant_ids = [tid.strip() for tid in tenant_ids.split(",") if tid.strip()]
+        if not parsed_tenant_ids:
+            raise click.BadParameter("tenant-ids must not be empty")
+
+    if (start_from is None) ^ (end_before is None):
+        raise click.UsageError("--start-from and --end-before must be provided together.")
+    if run_id is None and (start_from is None or end_before is None):
+        raise click.UsageError("--start-from and --end-before are required for batch restore.")
+    if workers < 1:
+        raise click.BadParameter("workers must be at least 1")
+
+    start_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Starting restore of workflow run {run_id} at {start_time.isoformat()}.",
+            fg="white",
+        )
+    )
+
+    restorer = WorkflowRunRestore(dry_run=dry_run, workers=workers)
+    if run_id:
+        results = [restorer.restore_by_run_id(run_id)]
+    else:
+        assert start_from is not None
+        assert end_before is not None
+        results = restorer.restore_batch(
+            parsed_tenant_ids,
+            start_date=start_from,
+            end_date=end_before,
+            limit=limit,
+        )
+
+    end_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    elapsed = end_time - start_time
+
+    successes = sum(1 for result in results if result.success)
+    failures = len(results) - successes
+
+    if failures == 0:
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"Restore completed successfully. success={successes} duration={elapsed}",
+                fg="green",
+            )
+        )
+    else:
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"Restore completed with failures. success={successes} failed={failures} duration={elapsed}",
+                fg="red",
+            )
+        )
+
+
+@click.command(
+    "delete-archived-workflow-runs",
+    help="Delete archived workflow runs from the database.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--tenant-ids",
+    required=False,
+    help="Tenant IDs (comma-separated).",
+)
+@click.option("--run-id", required=False, help="Workflow run ID to delete.")
+@click.option(
+    "--start-from",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Optional lower bound (inclusive) for created_at; must be paired with --end-before.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--end-before",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Optional upper bound (exclusive) for created_at; must be paired with --start-from.",
+)
+@click.option("--limit", type=int, default=100, show_default=True, help="Maximum number of runs to delete.")
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, help="Preview without deleting.")
+def delete_archived_workflow_runs(
+    tenant_ids: str | None,
+    run_id: str | None,
+    start_from: datetime.datetime | None,
+    end_before: datetime.datetime | None,
+    limit: int,
+    dry_run: bool,
+):
+    """
+    Delete archived workflow runs from the database.
+    """
+    from services.retention.workflow_run.delete_archived_workflow_run import ArchivedWorkflowRunDeletion
+
+    parsed_tenant_ids = None
+    if tenant_ids:
+        parsed_tenant_ids = [tid.strip() for tid in tenant_ids.split(",") if tid.strip()]
+        if not parsed_tenant_ids:
+            raise click.BadParameter("tenant-ids must not be empty")
+
+    if (start_from is None) ^ (end_before is None):
+        raise click.UsageError("--start-from and --end-before must be provided together.")
+    if run_id is None and (start_from is None or end_before is None):
+        raise click.UsageError("--start-from and --end-before are required for batch delete.")
+
+    start_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    target_desc = f"workflow run {run_id}" if run_id else "workflow runs"
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Starting delete of {target_desc} at {start_time.isoformat()}.",
+            fg="white",
+        )
+    )
+
+    deleter = ArchivedWorkflowRunDeletion(dry_run=dry_run)
+    if run_id:
+        results = [deleter.delete_by_run_id(run_id)]
+    else:
+        assert start_from is not None
+        assert end_before is not None
+        results = deleter.delete_batch(
+            parsed_tenant_ids,
+            start_date=start_from,
+            end_date=end_before,
+            limit=limit,
+        )
+
+    for result in results:
+        if result.success:
+            click.echo(
+                click.style(
+                    f"{'[DRY RUN] Would delete' if dry_run else 'Deleted'} "
+                    f"workflow run {result.run_id} (tenant={result.tenant_id})",
+                    fg="green",
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            click.echo(
+                click.style(
+                    f"Failed to delete workflow run {result.run_id}: {result.error}",
+                    fg="red",
+                )
+            )
+
+    end_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+    elapsed = end_time - start_time
+
+    successes = sum(1 for result in results if result.success)
+    failures = len(results) - successes
+
+    if failures == 0:
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"Delete completed successfully. success={successes} duration={elapsed}",
+                fg="green",
+            )
+        )
+    else:
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"Delete completed with failures. success={successes} failed={failures} duration={elapsed}",
+                fg="red",
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def _find_orphaned_draft_variables(batch_size: int = 1000) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Find draft variables that reference non-existent apps.
+
+    Args:
+        batch_size: Maximum number of orphaned app IDs to return
+
+    Returns:
+        List of app IDs that have draft variables but don't exist in the apps table
+    """
+    query = """
+        SELECT DISTINCT wdv.app_id
+        FROM workflow_draft_variables AS wdv
+        WHERE NOT EXISTS(
+            SELECT 1 FROM apps WHERE apps.id = wdv.app_id
+        )
+        LIMIT :batch_size
+    """
+
+    with db.engine.connect() as conn:
+        result = conn.execute(sa.text(query), {"batch_size": batch_size})
+        return [row[0] for row in result]
+
+
+def _count_orphaned_draft_variables() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Count orphaned draft variables by app, including associated file counts.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with statistics about orphaned variables and files
+    """
+    # Count orphaned variables by app
+    variables_query = """
+        SELECT
+            wdv.app_id,
+            COUNT(*) as variable_count,
+            COUNT(wdv.file_id) as file_count
+        FROM workflow_draft_variables AS wdv
+        WHERE NOT EXISTS(
+            SELECT 1 FROM apps WHERE apps.id = wdv.app_id
+        )
+        GROUP BY wdv.app_id
+        ORDER BY variable_count DESC
+    """
+
+    with db.engine.connect() as conn:
+        result = conn.execute(sa.text(variables_query))
+        orphaned_by_app = {}
+        total_files = 0
+
+        for row in result:
+            app_id, variable_count, file_count = row
+            orphaned_by_app[app_id] = {"variables": variable_count, "files": file_count}
+            total_files += file_count
+
+        total_orphaned = sum(app_data["variables"] for app_data in orphaned_by_app.values())
+        app_count = len(orphaned_by_app)
+
+        return {
+            "total_orphaned_variables": total_orphaned,
+            "total_orphaned_files": total_files,
+            "orphaned_app_count": app_count,
+            "orphaned_by_app": orphaned_by_app,
+        }
+
+
+@click.command()
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, help="Show what would be deleted without actually deleting")
+@click.option("--batch-size", default=1000, help="Number of records to process per batch (default 1000)")
+@click.option("--max-apps", default=None, type=int, help="Maximum number of apps to process (default: no limit)")
+@click.option("-f", "--force", is_flag=True, help="Skip user confirmation and force the command to execute.")
+def cleanup_orphaned_draft_variables(
+    dry_run: bool,
+    batch_size: int,
+    max_apps: int | None,
+    force: bool = False,
+):
+    """
+    Clean up orphaned draft variables from the database.
+
+    This script finds and removes draft variables that belong to apps
+    that no longer exist in the database.
+    """
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # Get statistics
+    stats = _count_orphaned_draft_variables()
+
+    logger.info("Found %s orphaned draft variables", stats["total_orphaned_variables"])
+    logger.info("Found %s associated offload files", stats["total_orphaned_files"])
+    logger.info("Across %s non-existent apps", stats["orphaned_app_count"])
+
+    if stats["total_orphaned_variables"] == 0:
+        logger.info("No orphaned draft variables found. Exiting.")
+        return
+
+    if dry_run:
+        logger.info("DRY RUN: Would delete the following:")
+        for app_id, data in sorted(stats["orphaned_by_app"].items(), key=lambda x: x[1]["variables"], reverse=True)[
+            :10
+        ]:  # Show top 10
+            logger.info("  App %s: %s variables, %s files", app_id, data["variables"], data["files"])
+        if len(stats["orphaned_by_app"]) > 10:
+            logger.info("  ... and %s more apps", len(stats["orphaned_by_app"]) - 10)
+        return
+
+    # Confirm deletion
+    if not force:
+        click.confirm(
+            f"Are you sure you want to delete {stats['total_orphaned_variables']} "
+            f"orphaned draft variables and {stats['total_orphaned_files']} associated files "
+            f"from {stats['orphaned_app_count']} apps?",
+            abort=True,
+        )
+
+    total_deleted = 0
+    processed_apps = 0
+
+    while True:
+        if max_apps and processed_apps >= max_apps:
+            logger.info("Reached maximum app limit (%s). Stopping.", max_apps)
+            break
+
+        orphaned_app_ids = _find_orphaned_draft_variables(batch_size=10)
+        if not orphaned_app_ids:
+            logger.info("No more orphaned draft variables found.")
+            break
+
+        for app_id in orphaned_app_ids:
+            if max_apps and processed_apps >= max_apps:
+                break
+
+            try:
+                deleted_count = delete_draft_variables_batch(app_id, batch_size)
+                total_deleted += deleted_count
+                processed_apps += 1
+
+                logger.info("Deleted %s variables for app %s", deleted_count, app_id)
+
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception("Error processing app %s", app_id)
+                continue
+
+    logger.info("Cleanup completed. Total deleted: %s variables across %s apps", total_deleted, processed_apps)
+
+
+@click.command("clean-expired-messages", help="Clean expired messages.")
+@click.option(
+    "--start-from",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    required=False,
+    default=None,
+    help="Lower bound (inclusive) for created_at.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--end-before",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    required=False,
+    default=None,
+    help="Upper bound (exclusive) for created_at.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--from-days-ago",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Relative lower bound in days ago (inclusive). Must be used with --before-days.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--before-days",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Relative upper bound in days ago (exclusive). Required for relative mode.",
+)
+@click.option("--batch-size", default=1000, show_default=True, help="Batch size for selecting messages.")
+@click.option(
+    "--graceful-period",
+    default=21,
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Graceful period in days after subscription expiration, will be ignored when billing is disabled.",
+)
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Show messages logs would be cleaned without deleting")
+def clean_expired_messages(
+    batch_size: int,
+    graceful_period: int,
+    start_from: datetime.datetime | None,
+    end_before: datetime.datetime | None,
+    from_days_ago: int | None,
+    before_days: int | None,
+    dry_run: bool,
+):
+    """
+    Clean expired messages and related data for tenants based on clean policy.
+    """
+    from extensions.otel.runtime import flush_telemetry
+
+    click.echo(click.style("clean_messages: start clean messages.", fg="green"))
+
+    start_at = time.perf_counter()
+
+    try:
+        abs_mode = start_from is not None and end_before is not None
+        rel_mode = before_days is not None
+
+        if abs_mode and rel_mode:
+            raise click.UsageError(
+                "Options are mutually exclusive: use either (--start-from,--end-before) "
+                "or (--from-days-ago,--before-days)."
+            )
+
+        if from_days_ago is not None and before_days is None:
+            raise click.UsageError("--from-days-ago must be used together with --before-days.")
+
+        if (start_from is None) ^ (end_before is None):
+            raise click.UsageError("Both --start-from and --end-before are required when using absolute time range.")
+
+        if not abs_mode and not rel_mode:
+            raise click.UsageError(
+                "You must provide either (--start-from,--end-before) or (--before-days [--from-days-ago])."
+            )
+
+        if rel_mode:
+            assert before_days is not None
+            if before_days < 0:
+                raise click.UsageError("--before-days must be >= 0.")
+            if from_days_ago is not None:
+                if from_days_ago < 0:
+                    raise click.UsageError("--from-days-ago must be >= 0.")
+                if from_days_ago <= before_days:
+                    raise click.UsageError("--from-days-ago must be greater than --before-days.")
+
+        # Create policy based on billing configuration
+        # NOTE: graceful_period will be ignored when billing is disabled.
+        policy = create_message_clean_policy(graceful_period_days=graceful_period)
+
+        if from_days_ago is not None and before_days is not None:
+            task_label = f"{from_days_ago}to{before_days}"
+        elif start_from is None and before_days is not None:
+            task_label = f"before-{before_days}"
+        else:
+            task_label = "custom"
+
+        # Create and run the cleanup service
+        if abs_mode:
+            assert start_from is not None
+            assert end_before is not None
+            service = MessagesCleanService.from_time_range(
+                policy=policy,
+                start_from=start_from,
+                end_before=end_before,
+                batch_size=batch_size,
+                dry_run=dry_run,
+                task_label=task_label,
+            )
+        elif from_days_ago is None:
+            assert before_days is not None
+            service = MessagesCleanService.from_days(
+                policy=policy,
+                days=before_days,
+                batch_size=batch_size,
+                dry_run=dry_run,
+                task_label=task_label,
+            )
+        else:
+            assert before_days is not None
+            assert from_days_ago is not None
+            now = naive_utc_now()
+            service = MessagesCleanService.from_time_range(
+                policy=policy,
+                start_from=now - datetime.timedelta(days=from_days_ago),
+                end_before=now - datetime.timedelta(days=before_days),
+                batch_size=batch_size,
+                dry_run=dry_run,
+                task_label=task_label,
+            )
+        stats = service.run()
+
+        end_at = time.perf_counter()
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"clean_messages: completed successfully\n"
+                f"  - Latency: {end_at - start_at:.2f}s\n"
+                f"  - Batches processed: {stats['batches']}\n"
+                f"  - Total messages scanned: {stats['total_messages']}\n"
+                f"  - Messages filtered: {stats['filtered_messages']}\n"
+                f"  - Messages deleted: {stats['total_deleted']}",
+                fg="green",
+            )
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        end_at = time.perf_counter()
+        logger.exception("clean_messages failed")
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"clean_messages: failed after {end_at - start_at:.2f}s - {str(e)}",
+                fg="red",
+            )
+        )
+        raise
+    finally:
+        flush_telemetry()
+
+    click.echo(click.style("messages cleanup completed.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("export-app-messages", help="Export messages for an app to JSONL.GZ.")
+@click.option("--app-id", required=True, help="Application ID to export messages for.")
+@click.option(
+    "--start-from",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Optional lower bound (inclusive) for created_at.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--end-before",
+    type=click.DateTime(formats=["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"]),
+    required=True,
+    help="Upper bound (exclusive) for created_at.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--filename",
+    required=True,
+    help="Base filename (relative path). Do not include suffix like .jsonl.gz.",
+)
+@click.option("--use-cloud-storage", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Upload to cloud storage instead of local file.")
+@click.option("--batch-size", default=1000, show_default=True, help="Batch size for cursor pagination.")
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Scan only, print stats without writing any file.")
+def export_app_messages(
+    app_id: str,
+    start_from: datetime.datetime | None,
+    end_before: datetime.datetime,
+    filename: str,
+    use_cloud_storage: bool,
+    batch_size: int,
+    dry_run: bool,
+):
+    if start_from and start_from >= end_before:
+        raise click.UsageError("--start-from must be before --end-before.")
+
+    from services.retention.conversation.message_export_service import AppMessageExportService
+
+    try:
+        validated_filename = AppMessageExportService.validate_export_filename(filename)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise click.BadParameter(str(e), param_hint="--filename") from e
+
+    click.echo(click.style(f"export_app_messages: starting export for app {app_id}.", fg="green"))
+    start_at = time.perf_counter()
+
+    try:
+        service = AppMessageExportService(
+            app_id=app_id,
+            end_before=end_before,
+            filename=validated_filename,
+            start_from=start_from,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            use_cloud_storage=use_cloud_storage,
+            dry_run=dry_run,
+        )
+        stats = service.run()
+
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start_at
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"export_app_messages: completed in {elapsed:.2f}s\n"
+                f"  - Batches: {stats.batches}\n"
+                f"  - Total messages: {stats.total_messages}\n"
+                f"  - Messages with feedback: {stats.messages_with_feedback}\n"
+                f"  - Total feedbacks: {stats.total_feedbacks}",
+                fg="green",
+            )
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start_at
+        logger.exception("export_app_messages failed")
+        click.echo(click.style(f"export_app_messages: failed after {elapsed:.2f}s - {e}", fg="red"))
+        raise

api/commands/storage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,761 @@
+import json
+from typing import cast
+
+import click
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from sqlalchemy import update
+from sqlalchemy.engine import CursorResult
+
+from configs import dify_config
+from extensions.ext_database import db
+from extensions.ext_storage import storage
+from extensions.storage.opendal_storage import OpenDALStorage
+from extensions.storage.storage_type import StorageType
+from models.model import UploadFile
+
+
+@click.option("-f", "--force", is_flag=True, help="Skip user confirmation and force the command to execute.")
+@click.command("clear-orphaned-file-records", help="Clear orphaned file records.")
+def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
+    """
+    Clear orphaned file records in the database.
+    """
+
+    # define tables and columns to process
+    files_tables = [
+        {"table": "upload_files", "id_column": "id", "key_column": "key"},
+        {"table": "tool_files", "id_column": "id", "key_column": "file_key"},
+    ]
+    ids_tables = [
+        {"type": "uuid", "table": "message_files", "column": "upload_file_id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "documents", "column": "data_source_info"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "document_segments", "column": "content"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "messages", "column": "answer"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "workflow_node_executions", "column": "inputs"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "workflow_node_executions", "column": "process_data"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "workflow_node_executions", "column": "outputs"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "conversations", "column": "introduction"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "conversations", "column": "system_instruction"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "accounts", "column": "avatar"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "apps", "column": "icon"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "sites", "column": "icon"},
+        {"type": "json", "table": "messages", "column": "inputs"},
+        {"type": "json", "table": "messages", "column": "message"},
+    ]
+
+    # notify user and ask for confirmation
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            "This command will first find and delete orphaned file records from the message_files table,", fg="yellow"
+        )
+    )
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            "and then it will find and delete orphaned file records in the following tables:",
+            fg="yellow",
+        )
+    )
+    for files_table in files_tables:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"- {files_table['table']}", fg="yellow"))
+    click.echo(
+        click.style("The following tables and columns will be scanned to find orphaned file records:", fg="yellow")
+    )
+    for ids_table in ids_tables:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"- {ids_table['table']} ({ids_table['column']})", fg="yellow"))
+    click.echo("")
+
+    click.echo(click.style("!!! USE WITH CAUTION !!!", fg="red"))
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            (
+                "Since not all patterns have been fully tested, "
+                "please note that this command may delete unintended file records."
+            ),
+            fg="yellow",
+        )
+    )
+    click.echo(
+        click.style("This cannot be undone. Please make sure to back up your database before proceeding.", fg="yellow")
+    )
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            (
+                "It is also recommended to run this during the maintenance window, "
+                "as this may cause high load on your instance."
+            ),
+            fg="yellow",
+        )
+    )
+    if not force:
+        click.confirm("Do you want to proceed?", abort=True)
+
+    # start the cleanup process
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting orphaned file records cleanup.", fg="white"))
+
+    # clean up the orphaned records in the message_files table where message_id doesn't exist in messages table
+    try:
+        click.echo(
+            click.style("- Listing message_files records where message_id doesn't exist in messages table", fg="white")
+        )
+        query = (
+            "SELECT mf.id, mf.message_id "
+            "FROM message_files mf LEFT JOIN messages m ON mf.message_id = m.id "
+            "WHERE m.id IS NULL"
+        )
+        orphaned_message_files = []
+        with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+            for i in rs:
+                orphaned_message_files.append({"id": str(i[0]), "message_id": str(i[1])})
+
+        if orphaned_message_files:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(orphaned_message_files)} orphaned message_files records:", fg="white"))
+            for record in orphaned_message_files:
+                click.echo(click.style(f"  - id: {record['id']}, message_id: {record['message_id']}", fg="black"))
+
+            if not force:
+                click.confirm(
+                    (
+                        f"Do you want to proceed "
+                        f"to delete all {len(orphaned_message_files)} orphaned message_files records?"
+                    ),
+                    abort=True,
+                )
+
+            click.echo(click.style("- Deleting orphaned message_files records", fg="white"))
+            query = "DELETE FROM message_files WHERE id IN :ids"
+            with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                conn.execute(sa.text(query), {"ids": tuple(record["id"] for record in orphaned_message_files)})
+            click.echo(
+                click.style(f"Removed {len(orphaned_message_files)} orphaned message_files records.", fg="green")
+            )
+        else:
+            click.echo(click.style("No orphaned message_files records found. There is nothing to delete.", fg="green"))
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error deleting orphaned message_files records: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+
+    # clean up the orphaned records in the rest of the *_files tables
+    try:
+        # fetch file id and keys from each table
+        all_files_in_tables = []
+        for files_table in files_tables:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"- Listing file records in table {files_table['table']}", fg="white"))
+            query = f"SELECT {files_table['id_column']}, {files_table['key_column']} FROM {files_table['table']}"
+            with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+            for i in rs:
+                all_files_in_tables.append({"table": files_table["table"], "id": str(i[0]), "key": i[1]})
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(all_files_in_tables)} files in tables.", fg="white"))
+
+        # fetch referred table and columns
+        guid_regexp = "[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}"
+        all_ids_in_tables = []
+        for ids_table in ids_tables:
+            query = ""
+            match ids_table["type"]:
+                case "uuid":
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            f"- Listing file ids in column {ids_table['column']} in table {ids_table['table']}",
+                            fg="white",
+                        )
+                    )
+                    c = ids_table["column"]
+                    query = f"SELECT {c} FROM {ids_table['table']} WHERE {c} IS NOT NULL"
+                    with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                        rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+                    for i in rs:
+                        all_ids_in_tables.append({"table": ids_table["table"], "id": str(i[0])})
+                case "text":
+                    t = ids_table["table"]
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            f"- Listing file-id-like strings in column {ids_table['column']} in table {t}",
+                            fg="white",
+                        )
+                    )
+                    query = (
+                        f"SELECT regexp_matches({ids_table['column']}, '{guid_regexp}', 'g') AS extracted_id "
+                        f"FROM {ids_table['table']}"
+                    )
+                    with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                        rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+                    for i in rs:
+                        for j in i[0]:
+                            all_ids_in_tables.append({"table": ids_table["table"], "id": j})
+                case "json":
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            (
+                                f"- Listing file-id-like JSON string in column {ids_table['column']} "
+                                f"in table {ids_table['table']}"
+                            ),
+                            fg="white",
+                        )
+                    )
+                    query = (
+                        f"SELECT regexp_matches({ids_table['column']}::text, '{guid_regexp}', 'g') AS extracted_id "
+                        f"FROM {ids_table['table']}"
+                    )
+                    with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                        rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+                    for i in rs:
+                        for j in i[0]:
+                            all_ids_in_tables.append({"table": ids_table["table"], "id": j})
+                case _:
+                    pass
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(all_ids_in_tables)} file ids in tables.", fg="white"))
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error fetching keys: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    # find orphaned files
+    all_files = [file["id"] for file in all_files_in_tables]
+    all_ids = [file["id"] for file in all_ids_in_tables]
+    orphaned_files = list(set(all_files) - set(all_ids))
+    if not orphaned_files:
+        click.echo(click.style("No orphaned file records found. There is nothing to delete.", fg="green"))
+        return
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(orphaned_files)} orphaned file records.", fg="white"))
+    for file in orphaned_files:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"- orphaned file id: {file}", fg="black"))
+    if not force:
+        click.confirm(f"Do you want to proceed to delete all {len(orphaned_files)} orphaned file records?", abort=True)
+
+    # delete orphaned records for each file
+    try:
+        for files_table in files_tables:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"- Deleting orphaned file records in table {files_table['table']}", fg="white"))
+            query = f"DELETE FROM {files_table['table']} WHERE {files_table['id_column']} IN :ids"
+            with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                conn.execute(sa.text(query), {"ids": tuple(orphaned_files)})
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error deleting orphaned file records: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Removed {len(orphaned_files)} orphaned file records.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.option("-f", "--force", is_flag=True, help="Skip user confirmation and force the command to execute.")
+@click.command("remove-orphaned-files-on-storage", help="Remove orphaned files on the storage.")
+def remove_orphaned_files_on_storage(force: bool):
+    """
+    Remove orphaned files on the storage.
+    """
+
+    # define tables and columns to process
+    files_tables = [
+        {"table": "upload_files", "key_column": "key"},
+        {"table": "tool_files", "key_column": "file_key"},
+    ]
+    storage_paths = ["image_files", "tools", "upload_files"]
+
+    # notify user and ask for confirmation
+    click.echo(click.style("This command will find and remove orphaned files on the storage,", fg="yellow"))
+    click.echo(
+        click.style("by comparing the files on the storage with the records in the following tables:", fg="yellow")
+    )
+    for files_table in files_tables:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"- {files_table['table']}", fg="yellow"))
+    click.echo(click.style("The following paths on the storage will be scanned to find orphaned files:", fg="yellow"))
+    for storage_path in storage_paths:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"- {storage_path}", fg="yellow"))
+    click.echo("")
+
+    click.echo(click.style("!!! USE WITH CAUTION !!!", fg="red"))
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            "Currently, this command will work only for opendal based storage (STORAGE_TYPE=opendal).", fg="yellow"
+        )
+    )
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            "Since not all patterns have been fully tested, please note that this command may delete unintended files.",
+            fg="yellow",
+        )
+    )
+    click.echo(
+        click.style("This cannot be undone. Please make sure to back up your storage before proceeding.", fg="yellow")
+    )
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            (
+                "It is also recommended to run this during the maintenance window, "
+                "as this may cause high load on your instance."
+            ),
+            fg="yellow",
+        )
+    )
+    if not force:
+        click.confirm("Do you want to proceed?", abort=True)
+
+    # start the cleanup process
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting orphaned files cleanup.", fg="white"))
+
+    # fetch file id and keys from each table
+    all_files_in_tables = []
+    try:
+        for files_table in files_tables:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"- Listing files from table {files_table['table']}", fg="white"))
+            query = f"SELECT {files_table['key_column']} FROM {files_table['table']}"
+            with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+            for i in rs:
+                all_files_in_tables.append(str(i[0]))
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(all_files_in_tables)} files in tables.", fg="white"))
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Error fetching keys: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    all_files_on_storage = []
+    for storage_path in storage_paths:
+        try:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"- Scanning files on storage path {storage_path}", fg="white"))
+            files = storage.scan(path=storage_path, files=True, directories=False)
+            all_files_on_storage.extend(files)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"  -> Skipping path {storage_path} as it does not exist.", fg="yellow"))
+            continue
+        except Exception as e:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"  -> Error scanning files on storage path {storage_path}: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+            continue
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(all_files_on_storage)} files on storage.", fg="white"))
+
+    # find orphaned files
+    orphaned_files = list(set(all_files_on_storage) - set(all_files_in_tables))
+    if not orphaned_files:
+        click.echo(click.style("No orphaned files found. There is nothing to remove.", fg="green"))
+        return
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(orphaned_files)} orphaned files.", fg="white"))
+    for file in orphaned_files:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"- orphaned file: {file}", fg="black"))
+    if not force:
+        click.confirm(f"Do you want to proceed to remove all {len(orphaned_files)} orphaned files?", abort=True)
+
+    # delete orphaned files
+    removed_files = 0
+    error_files = 0
+    for file in orphaned_files:
+        try:
+            storage.delete(file)
+            removed_files += 1
+            click.echo(click.style(f"- Removing orphaned file: {file}", fg="white"))
+        except Exception as e:
+            error_files += 1
+            click.echo(click.style(f"- Error deleting orphaned file {file}: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+            continue
+    if error_files == 0:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Removed {removed_files} orphaned files without errors.", fg="green"))
+    else:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Removed {removed_files} orphaned files, with {error_files} errors.", fg="yellow"))
+
+
+@click.command("file-usage", help="Query file usages and show where files are referenced.")
+@click.option("--file-id", type=str, default=None, help="Filter by file UUID.")
+@click.option("--key", type=str, default=None, help="Filter by storage key.")
+@click.option("--src", type=str, default=None, help="Filter by table.column pattern (e.g., 'documents.%' or '%.icon').")
+@click.option("--limit", type=int, default=100, help="Limit number of results (default: 100).")
+@click.option("--offset", type=int, default=0, help="Offset for pagination (default: 0).")
+@click.option("--json", "output_json", is_flag=True, help="Output results in JSON format.")
+def file_usage(
+    file_id: str | None,
+    key: str | None,
+    src: str | None,
+    limit: int,
+    offset: int,
+    output_json: bool,
+):
+    """
+    Query file usages and show where files are referenced in the database.
+
+    This command reuses the same reference checking logic as clear-orphaned-file-records
+    and displays detailed information about where each file is referenced.
+    """
+    # define tables and columns to process
+    files_tables = [
+        {"table": "upload_files", "id_column": "id", "key_column": "key"},
+        {"table": "tool_files", "id_column": "id", "key_column": "file_key"},
+    ]
+    ids_tables = [
+        {"type": "uuid", "table": "message_files", "column": "upload_file_id", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "documents", "column": "data_source_info", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "document_segments", "column": "content", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "messages", "column": "answer", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "workflow_node_executions", "column": "inputs", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "workflow_node_executions", "column": "process_data", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "workflow_node_executions", "column": "outputs", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "conversations", "column": "introduction", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "conversations", "column": "system_instruction", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "accounts", "column": "avatar", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "apps", "column": "icon", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "text", "table": "sites", "column": "icon", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "json", "table": "messages", "column": "inputs", "pk_column": "id"},
+        {"type": "json", "table": "messages", "column": "message", "pk_column": "id"},
+    ]
+
+    # Stream file usages with pagination to avoid holding all results in memory
+    paginated_usages = []
+    total_count = 0
+
+    # First, build a mapping of file_id -> storage_key from the base tables
+    file_key_map = {}
+    for files_table in files_tables:
+        query = f"SELECT {files_table['id_column']}, {files_table['key_column']} FROM {files_table['table']}"
+        with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+            for row in rs:
+                file_key_map[str(row[0])] = f"{files_table['table']}:{row[1]}"
+
+    # If filtering by key or file_id, verify it exists
+    if file_id and file_id not in file_key_map:
+        if output_json:
+            click.echo(json.dumps({"error": f"File ID {file_id} not found in base tables"}))
+        else:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"File ID {file_id} not found in base tables.", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    if key:
+        valid_prefixes = {f"upload_files:{key}", f"tool_files:{key}"}
+        matching_file_ids = [fid for fid, fkey in file_key_map.items() if fkey in valid_prefixes]
+        if not matching_file_ids:
+            if output_json:
+                click.echo(json.dumps({"error": f"Key {key} not found in base tables"}))
+            else:
+                click.echo(click.style(f"Key {key} not found in base tables.", fg="red"))
+            return
+
+    guid_regexp = "[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}"
+
+    # For each reference table/column, find matching file IDs and record the references
+    for ids_table in ids_tables:
+        src_filter = f"{ids_table['table']}.{ids_table['column']}"
+
+        # Skip if src filter doesn't match (use fnmatch for wildcard patterns)
+        if src:
+            if "%" in src or "_" in src:
+                import fnmatch
+
+                # Convert SQL LIKE wildcards to fnmatch wildcards (% -> *, _ -> ?)
+                pattern = src.replace("%", "*").replace("_", "?")
+                if not fnmatch.fnmatch(src_filter, pattern):
+                    continue
+            else:
+                if src_filter != src:
+                    continue
+
+        match ids_table["type"]:
+            case "uuid":
+                # Direct UUID match
+                query = (
+                    f"SELECT {ids_table['pk_column']}, {ids_table['column']} "
+                    f"FROM {ids_table['table']} WHERE {ids_table['column']} IS NOT NULL"
+                )
+                with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                    rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+                    for row in rs:
+                        record_id = str(row[0])
+                        ref_file_id = str(row[1])
+                        if ref_file_id not in file_key_map:
+                            continue
+                        storage_key = file_key_map[ref_file_id]
+
+                        # Apply filters
+                        if file_id and ref_file_id != file_id:
+                            continue
+                        if key and not storage_key.endswith(key):
+                            continue
+
+                        # Only collect items within the requested page range
+                        if offset <= total_count < offset + limit:
+                            paginated_usages.append(
+                                {
+                                    "src": f"{ids_table['table']}.{ids_table['column']}",
+                                    "record_id": record_id,
+                                    "file_id": ref_file_id,
+                                    "key": storage_key,
+                                }
+                            )
+                        total_count += 1
+
+            case "text" | "json":
+                # Extract UUIDs from text/json content
+                column_cast = f"{ids_table['column']}::text" if ids_table["type"] == "json" else ids_table["column"]
+                query = (
+                    f"SELECT {ids_table['pk_column']}, {column_cast} "
+                    f"FROM {ids_table['table']} WHERE {ids_table['column']} IS NOT NULL"
+                )
+                with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+                    rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
+                    for row in rs:
+                        record_id = str(row[0])
+                        content = str(row[1])
+
+                        # Find all UUIDs in the content
+                        import re
+
+                        uuid_pattern = re.compile(guid_regexp, re.IGNORECASE)
+                        matches = uuid_pattern.findall(content)
+
+                        for ref_file_id in matches:
+                            if ref_file_id not in file_key_map:
+                                continue
+                            storage_key = file_key_map[ref_file_id]
+
+                            # Apply filters
+                            if file_id and ref_file_id != file_id:
+                                continue
+                            if key and not storage_key.endswith(key):
+                                continue
+
+                            # Only collect items within the requested page range
+                            if offset <= total_count < offset + limit:
+                                paginated_usages.append(
+                                    {
+                                        "src": f"{ids_table['table']}.{ids_table['column']}",
+                                        "record_id": record_id,
+                                        "file_id": ref_file_id,
+                                        "key": storage_key,
+                                    }
+                                )
+                            total_count += 1
+            case _:
+                pass
+
+    # Output results
+    if output_json:
+        result = {
+            "total": total_count,
+            "offset": offset,
+            "limit": limit,
+            "usages": paginated_usages,
+        }
+        click.echo(json.dumps(result, indent=2))
+    else:
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(f"Found {total_count} file usages (showing {len(paginated_usages)} results)", fg="white")
+        )
+        click.echo("")
+
+        if not paginated_usages:
+            click.echo(click.style("No file usages found matching the specified criteria.", fg="yellow"))
+            return
+
+        # Print table header
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                f"{'Src (Table.Column)':<50} {'Record ID':<40} {'File ID':<40} {'Storage Key':<60}",
+                fg="cyan",
+            )
+        )
+        click.echo(click.style("-" * 190, fg="white"))
+
+        # Print each usage
+        for usage in paginated_usages:
+            click.echo(f"{usage['src']:<50} {usage['record_id']:<40} {usage['file_id']:<40} {usage['key']:<60}")
+
+        # Show pagination info
+        if offset + limit < total_count:
+            click.echo("")
+            click.echo(
+                click.style(
+                    f"Showing {offset + 1}-{offset + len(paginated_usages)} of {total_count} results", fg="white"
+                )
+            )
+            click.echo(click.style(f"Use --offset {offset + limit} to see next page", fg="white"))
+
+
+@click.command(
+    "migrate-oss",
+    help="Migrate files from Local or OpenDAL source to a cloud OSS storage (destination must NOT be local/opendal).",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--path",
+    "paths",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Storage path prefixes to migrate (repeatable). Defaults: privkeys, upload_files, image_files,"
+    " tools, website_files, keyword_files, ops_trace",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--source",
+    type=click.Choice(["local", "opendal"], case_sensitive=False),
+    default="opendal",
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Source storage type to read from",
+)
+@click.option("--overwrite", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Overwrite destination if file already exists")
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Show what would be migrated without uploading")
+@click.option("-f", "--force", is_flag=True, help="Skip confirmation and run without prompts")
+@click.option(
+    "--update-db/--no-update-db",
+    default=True,
+    help="Update upload_files.storage_type from source type to current storage after migration",
+)
+def migrate_oss(
+    paths: tuple[str, ...],
+    source: str,
+    overwrite: bool,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    force: bool,
+    update_db: bool,
+):
+    """
+    Copy all files under selected prefixes from a source storage
+    (Local filesystem or OpenDAL-backed) into the currently configured
+    destination storage backend, then optionally update DB records.
+
+    Expected usage: set STORAGE_TYPE (and its credentials) to your target backend.
+    """
+    # Ensure target storage is not local/opendal
+    if dify_config.STORAGE_TYPE in (StorageType.LOCAL, StorageType.OPENDAL):
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                "Target STORAGE_TYPE must be a cloud OSS (not 'local' or 'opendal').\n"
+                "Please set STORAGE_TYPE to one of: s3, aliyun-oss, azure-blob, google-storage, tencent-cos, \n"
+                "volcengine-tos, supabase, oci-storage, huawei-obs, baidu-obs, clickzetta-volume.",
+                fg="red",
+            )
+        )
+        return
+
+    # Default paths if none specified
+    default_paths = ("privkeys", "upload_files", "image_files", "tools", "website_files", "keyword_files", "ops_trace")
+    path_list = list(paths) if paths else list(default_paths)
+    is_source_local = source.lower() == "local"
+
+    click.echo(click.style("Preparing migration to target storage.", fg="yellow"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Target storage type: {dify_config.STORAGE_TYPE}", fg="white"))
+    if is_source_local:
+        src_root = dify_config.STORAGE_LOCAL_PATH
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Source: local fs, root: {src_root}", fg="white"))
+    else:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Source: opendal scheme={dify_config.OPENDAL_SCHEME}", fg="white"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Paths to migrate: {', '.join(path_list)}", fg="white"))
+    click.echo("")
+
+    if not force:
+        click.confirm("Proceed with migration?", abort=True)
+
+    # Instantiate source storage
+    try:
+        if is_source_local:
+            src_root = dify_config.STORAGE_LOCAL_PATH
+            source_storage = OpenDALStorage(scheme="fs", root=src_root)
+        else:
+            source_storage = OpenDALStorage(scheme=dify_config.OPENDAL_SCHEME)
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Failed to initialize source storage: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+        return
+
+    total_files = 0
+    copied_files = 0
+    skipped_files = 0
+    errored_files = 0
+    copied_upload_file_keys: list[str] = []
+
+    for prefix in path_list:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Scanning source path: {prefix}", fg="white"))
+        try:
+            keys = source_storage.scan(path=prefix, files=True, directories=False)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"  -> Skipping missing path: {prefix}", fg="yellow"))
+            continue
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            click.echo(click.style("  -> Source storage does not support scanning.", fg="red"))
+            return
+        except Exception as e:
+            click.echo(click.style(f"  -> Error scanning '{prefix}': {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+            continue
+
+        click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(keys)} files under {prefix}", fg="white"))
+
+        for key in keys:
+            total_files += 1
+
+            # check destination existence
+            if not overwrite:
+                try:
+                    if storage.exists(key):
+                        skipped_files += 1
+                        continue
+                except Exception as e:
+                    # existence check failures should not block migration attempt
+                    # but should be surfaced to user as a warning for visibility
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            f"  -> Warning: failed target existence check for {key}: {str(e)}",
+                            fg="yellow",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+            if dry_run:
+                copied_files += 1
+                continue
+
+            # read from source and write to destination
+            try:
+                data = source_storage.load_once(key)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                errored_files += 1
+                click.echo(click.style(f"  -> Missing on source: {key}", fg="yellow"))
+                continue
+            except Exception as e:
+                errored_files += 1
+                click.echo(click.style(f"  -> Error reading {key}: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                storage.save(key, data)
+                copied_files += 1
+                if prefix == "upload_files":
+                    copied_upload_file_keys.append(key)
+            except Exception as e:
+                errored_files += 1
+                click.echo(click.style(f"  -> Error writing {key} to target: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+                continue
+
+    click.echo("")
+    click.echo(click.style("Migration summary:", fg="yellow"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"  Total:   {total_files}", fg="white"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"  Copied:  {copied_files}", fg="green"))
+    click.echo(click.style(f"  Skipped: {skipped_files}", fg="white"))
+    if errored_files:
+        click.echo(click.style(f"  Errors:  {errored_files}", fg="red"))
+
+    if dry_run:
+        click.echo(click.style("Dry-run complete. No changes were made.", fg="green"))
+        return
+
+    if errored_files:
+        click.echo(
+            click.style(
+                "Some files failed to migrate. Review errors above before updating DB records.",
+                fg="yellow",
+            )
+        )
+        if update_db and not force:
+            if not click.confirm("Proceed to update DB storage_type despite errors?", default=False):
+                update_db = False
+
+    # Optionally update DB records for upload_files.storage_type (only for successfully copied upload_files)
+    if update_db:
+        if not copied_upload_file_keys:
+            click.echo(click.style("No upload_files copied. Skipping DB storage_type update.", fg="yellow"))
+        else:
+            try:
+                source_storage_type = StorageType.LOCAL if is_source_local else StorageType.OPENDAL
+                updated = cast(
+                    CursorResult,
+                    db.session.execute(
+                        update(UploadFile)
+                        .where(
+                            UploadFile.storage_type == source_storage_type,
+                            UploadFile.key.in_(copied_upload_file_keys),
+                        )
+                        .values(storage_type=dify_config.STORAGE_TYPE)
+                    ),
+                ).rowcount
+                db.session.commit()
+                click.echo(click.style(f"Updated storage_type for {updated} upload_files records.", fg="green"))
+            except Exception as e:
+                db.session.rollback()
+                click.echo(click.style(f"Failed to update DB storage_type: {str(e)}", fg="red"))

api/commands/system.py

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+import logging
+
+import click
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from sqlalchemy import delete, select, update
+from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+
+from configs import dify_config
+from events.app_event import app_was_created
+from extensions.ext_database import db
+from extensions.ext_redis import redis_client
+from libs.db_migration_lock import DbMigrationAutoRenewLock
+from libs.rsa import generate_key_pair
+from models import Tenant
+from models.model import App, AppMode, Conversation
+from models.provider import Provider, ProviderModel
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DB_UPGRADE_LOCK_TTL_SECONDS = 60
+
+
+@click.command(
+    "reset-encrypt-key-pair",
+    help="Reset the asymmetric key pair of workspace for encrypt LLM credentials. "
+    "After the reset, all LLM credentials will become invalid, "
+    "requiring re-entry."
+    "Only support SELF_HOSTED mode.",
+)
+@click.confirmation_option(
+    prompt=click.style(
+        "Are you sure you want to reset encrypt key pair? This operation cannot be rolled back!", fg="red"
+    )
+)
+def reset_encrypt_key_pair():
+    """
+    Reset the encrypted key pair of workspace for encrypt LLM credentials.
+    After the reset, all LLM credentials will become invalid, requiring re-entry.
+    Only support SELF_HOSTED mode.
+    """
+    if dify_config.EDITION != "SELF_HOSTED":
+        click.echo(click.style("This command is only for SELF_HOSTED installations.", fg="red"))
+        return
+    with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
+        tenants = session.scalars(select(Tenant)).all()
+        for tenant in tenants:
+            if not tenant:
+                click.echo(click.style("No workspaces found. Run /install first.", fg="red"))
+                return
+
+            tenant.encrypt_public_key = generate_key_pair(tenant.id)
+
+            session.execute(delete(Provider).where(Provider.provider_type == "custom", Provider.tenant_id == tenant.id))
+            session.execute(delete(ProviderModel).where(ProviderModel.tenant_id == tenant.id))
+
+            click.echo(
+                click.style(
+                    f"Congratulations! The asymmetric key pair of workspace {tenant.id} has been reset.",
+                    fg="green",
+                )
+            )
+
+
+@click.command("convert-to-agent-apps", help="Convert Agent Assistant to Agent App.")
+def convert_to_agent_apps():
+    """
+    Convert Agent Assistant to Agent App.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting convert to agent apps.", fg="green"))
+
+    proceeded_app_ids = []
+
+    while True:
+        # fetch first 1000 apps
+        sql_query = """SELECT a.id AS id FROM apps a
+            INNER JOIN app_model_configs am ON a.app_model_config_id=am.id
+            WHERE a.mode = 'chat'
+            AND am.agent_mode is not null
+            AND (
+                am.agent_mode like '%"strategy": "function_call"%'
+                OR am.agent_mode  like '%"strategy": "react"%'
+            )
+            AND (
+                am.agent_mode like '{"enabled": true%'
+                OR am.agent_mode like '{"max_iteration": %'
+            ) ORDER BY a.created_at DESC LIMIT 1000
+        """
+
+        with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query))
+
+            apps = []
+            for i in rs:
+                app_id = str(i.id)
+                if app_id not in proceeded_app_ids:
+                    proceeded_app_ids.append(app_id)
+                    app = db.session.scalar(select(App).where(App.id == app_id))
+                    if app is not None:
+                        apps.append(app)
+
+            if len(apps) == 0:
+                break
+
+        for app in apps:
+            click.echo(f"Converting app: {app.id}")
+
+            try:
+                app.mode = AppMode.AGENT_CHAT
+                db.session.commit()
+
+                # update conversation mode to agent
+                db.session.execute(
+                    update(Conversation).where(Conversation.app_id == app.id).values(mode=AppMode.AGENT_CHAT)
+                )
+
+                db.session.commit()
+                click.echo(click.style(f"Converted app: {app.id}", fg="green"))
+            except Exception as e:
+                click.echo(click.style(f"Convert app error: {e.__class__.__name__} {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Conversion complete. Converted {len(proceeded_app_ids)} agent apps.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("upgrade-db", help="Upgrade the database")
+def upgrade_db():
+    click.echo("Preparing database migration...")
+    lock = DbMigrationAutoRenewLock(
+        redis_client=redis_client,
+        name="db_upgrade_lock",
+        ttl_seconds=DB_UPGRADE_LOCK_TTL_SECONDS,
+        logger=logger,
+        log_context="db_migration",
+    )
+    if lock.acquire(blocking=False):
+        migration_succeeded = False
+        try:
+            click.echo(click.style("Starting database migration.", fg="green"))
+
+            # run db migration
+            import flask_migrate
+
+            flask_migrate.upgrade()
+
+            migration_succeeded = True
+            click.echo(click.style("Database migration successful!", fg="green"))
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.exception("Failed to execute database migration")
+            click.echo(click.style(f"Database migration failed: {e}", fg="red"))
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+        finally:
+            status = "successful" if migration_succeeded else "failed"
+            lock.release_safely(status=status)
+    else:
+        click.echo("Database migration skipped")
+
+
+@click.command("fix-app-site-missing", help="Fix app related site missing issue.")
+def fix_app_site_missing():
+    """
+    Fix app related site missing issue.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting fix for missing app-related sites.", fg="green"))
+
+    failed_app_ids = []
+    while True:
+        sql = """select apps.id as id from apps left join sites on sites.app_id=apps.id
+where sites.id is null limit 1000"""
+        with db.engine.begin() as conn:
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql))
+
+            processed_count = 0
+            for i in rs:
+                processed_count += 1
+                app_id = str(i.id)
+
+                if app_id in failed_app_ids:
+                    continue
+
+                try:
+                    app = db.session.scalar(select(App).where(App.id == app_id))
+                    if not app:
+                        logger.info("App %s not found", app_id)
+                        continue
+
+                    tenant = app.tenant
+                    if tenant:
+                        accounts = tenant.get_accounts()
+                        if not accounts:
+                            logger.info("Fix failed for app %s", app.id)
+                            continue
+
+                        account = accounts[0]
+                        logger.info("Fixing missing site for app %s", app.id)
+                        app_was_created.send(app, account=account)
+                except Exception:
+                    failed_app_ids.append(app_id)
+                    click.echo(click.style(f"Failed to fix missing site for app {app_id}", fg="red"))
+                    logger.exception("Failed to fix app related site missing issue, app_id: %s", app_id)
+                    continue
+
+            if not processed_count:
+                break
+
+    click.echo(click.style("Fix for missing app-related sites completed successfully!", fg="green"))

api/commands/vector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+import json
+
+import click
+from flask import current_app
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError
+from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+
+from configs import dify_config
+from core.rag.datasource.vdb.vector_factory import Vector
+from core.rag.datasource.vdb.vector_type import VectorType
+from core.rag.index_processor.constant.built_in_field import BuiltInField
+from core.rag.index_processor.constant.index_type import IndexStructureType
+from core.rag.models.document import ChildDocument, Document
+from extensions.ext_database import db
+from models.dataset import Dataset, DatasetCollectionBinding, DatasetMetadata, DatasetMetadataBinding, DocumentSegment
+from models.dataset import Document as DatasetDocument
+from models.enums import DatasetMetadataType, IndexingStatus, SegmentStatus
+from models.model import App, AppAnnotationSetting, MessageAnnotation
+
+
+@click.command("vdb-migrate", help="Migrate vector db.")
+@click.option("--scope", default="all", prompt=False, help="The scope of vector database to migrate, Default is All.")
+def vdb_migrate(scope: str):
+    if scope in {"knowledge", "all"}:
+        migrate_knowledge_vector_database()
+    if scope in {"annotation", "all"}:
+        migrate_annotation_vector_database()
+
+
+def migrate_annotation_vector_database():
+    """
+    Migrate annotation datas to target vector database .
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting annotation data migration.", fg="green"))
+    create_count = 0
+    skipped_count = 0
+    total_count = 0
+    page = 1
+    while True:
+        try:
+            # get apps info
+            per_page = 50
+            with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
+                apps = session.scalars(
+                    select(App)
+                    .where(App.status == "normal")
+                    .order_by(App.created_at.desc())
+                    .limit(per_page)
+                    .offset((page - 1) * per_page)
+                ).all()
+            if not apps:
+                break
+        except SQLAlchemyError:
+            raise
+
+        page += 1
+        for app in apps:
+            total_count = total_count + 1
+            click.echo(
+                f"Processing the {total_count} app {app.id}. " + f"{create_count} created, {skipped_count} skipped."
+            )
+            try:
+                click.echo(f"Creating app annotation index: {app.id}")
+                with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
+                    app_annotation_setting = session.scalar(
+                        select(AppAnnotationSetting).where(AppAnnotationSetting.app_id == app.id).limit(1)
+                    )
+
+                    if not app_annotation_setting:
+                        skipped_count = skipped_count + 1
+                        click.echo(f"App annotation setting disabled: {app.id}")
+                        continue
+                    # get dataset_collection_binding info
+                    dataset_collection_binding = session.scalar(
+                        select(DatasetCollectionBinding).where(
+                            DatasetCollectionBinding.id == app_annotation_setting.collection_binding_id
+                        )
+                    )
+                    if not dataset_collection_binding:
+                        click.echo(f"App annotation collection binding not found: {app.id}")
+                        continue
+                    annotations = session.scalars(
+                        select(MessageAnnotation).where(MessageAnnotation.app_id == app.id)
+                    ).all()
+                dataset = Dataset(
+                    id=app.id,
+                    tenant_id=app.tenant_id,
+                    indexing_technique="high_quality",
+                    embedding_model_provider=dataset_collection_binding.provider_name,
+                    embedding_model=dataset_collection_binding.model_name,
+                    collection_binding_id=dataset_collection_binding.id,
+                )
+                documents = []
+                if annotations:
+                    for annotation in annotations:
+                        document = Document(
+                            page_content=annotation.question_text,
+                            metadata={"annotation_id": annotation.id, "app_id": app.id, "doc_id": annotation.id},
+                        )
+                        documents.append(document)
+
+                vector = Vector(dataset, attributes=["doc_id", "annotation_id", "app_id"])
+                click.echo(f"Migrating annotations for app: {app.id}.")
+
+                try:
+                    vector.delete()
+                    click.echo(click.style(f"Deleted vector index for app {app.id}.", fg="green"))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    click.echo(click.style(f"Failed to delete vector index for app {app.id}.", fg="red"))
+                    raise e
+                if documents:
+                    try:
+                        click.echo(
+                            click.style(
+                                f"Creating vector index with {len(documents)} annotations for app {app.id}.",
+                                fg="green",
+                            )
+                        )
+                        vector.create(documents)
+                        click.echo(click.style(f"Created vector index for app {app.id}.", fg="green"))
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        click.echo(click.style(f"Failed to created vector index for app {app.id}.", fg="red"))
+                        raise e
+                click.echo(f"Successfully migrated app annotation {app.id}.")
+                create_count += 1
+            except Exception as e:
+                click.echo(
+                    click.style(f"Error creating app annotation index: {e.__class__.__name__} {str(e)}", fg="red")
+                )
+                continue
+
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Migration complete. Created {create_count} app annotation indexes. Skipped {skipped_count} apps.",
+            fg="green",
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def migrate_knowledge_vector_database():
+    """
+    Migrate vector database datas to target vector database .
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting vector database migration.", fg="green"))
+    create_count = 0
+    skipped_count = 0
+    total_count = 0
+    vector_type = dify_config.VECTOR_STORE
+    upper_collection_vector_types = {
+        VectorType.MILVUS,
+        VectorType.PGVECTOR,
+        VectorType.VASTBASE,
+        VectorType.RELYT,
+        VectorType.WEAVIATE,
+        VectorType.ORACLE,
+        VectorType.ELASTICSEARCH,
+        VectorType.OPENGAUSS,
+        VectorType.TABLESTORE,
+        VectorType.MATRIXONE,
+    }
+    lower_collection_vector_types = {
+        VectorType.ANALYTICDB,
+        VectorType.HOLOGRES,
+        VectorType.CHROMA,
+        VectorType.MYSCALE,
+        VectorType.PGVECTO_RS,
+        VectorType.TIDB_VECTOR,
+        VectorType.OPENSEARCH,
+        VectorType.TENCENT,
+        VectorType.BAIDU,
+        VectorType.VIKINGDB,
+        VectorType.UPSTASH,
+        VectorType.COUCHBASE,
+        VectorType.OCEANBASE,
+    }
+    page = 1
+    while True:
+        try:
+            stmt = (
+                select(Dataset).where(Dataset.indexing_technique == "high_quality").order_by(Dataset.created_at.desc())
+            )
+
+            datasets = db.paginate(select=stmt, page=page, per_page=50, max_per_page=50, error_out=False)
+            if not datasets.items:
+                break
+        except SQLAlchemyError:
+            raise
+
+        page += 1
+        for dataset in datasets:
+            total_count = total_count + 1
+            click.echo(
+                f"Processing the {total_count} dataset {dataset.id}. {create_count} created, {skipped_count} skipped."
+            )
+            try:
+                click.echo(f"Creating dataset vector database index: {dataset.id}")
+                if dataset.index_struct_dict:
+                    if dataset.index_struct_dict["type"] == vector_type:
+                        skipped_count = skipped_count + 1
+                        continue
+                collection_name = ""
+                dataset_id = dataset.id
+                if vector_type in upper_collection_vector_types:
+                    collection_name = Dataset.gen_collection_name_by_id(dataset_id)
+                elif vector_type == VectorType.QDRANT:
+                    if dataset.collection_binding_id:
+                        dataset_collection_binding = db.session.execute(
+                            select(DatasetCollectionBinding).where(
+                                DatasetCollectionBinding.id == dataset.collection_binding_id
+                            )
+                        ).scalar_one_or_none()
+                        if dataset_collection_binding:
+                            collection_name = dataset_collection_binding.collection_name
+                        else:
+                            raise ValueError("Dataset Collection Binding not found")
+                    else:
+                        collection_name = Dataset.gen_collection_name_by_id(dataset_id)
+
+                elif vector_type in lower_collection_vector_types:
+                    collection_name = Dataset.gen_collection_name_by_id(dataset_id).lower()
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Vector store {vector_type} is not supported.")
+
+                index_struct_dict = {"type": vector_type, "vector_store": {"class_prefix": collection_name}}
+                dataset.index_struct = json.dumps(index_struct_dict)
+                vector = Vector(dataset)
+                click.echo(f"Migrating dataset {dataset.id}.")
+
+                try:
+                    vector.delete()
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(f"Deleted vector index {collection_name} for dataset {dataset.id}.", fg="green")
+                    )
+                except Exception as e:
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            f"Failed to delete vector index {collection_name} for dataset {dataset.id}.", fg="red"
+                        )
+                    )
+                    raise e
+
+                dataset_documents = db.session.scalars(
+                    select(DatasetDocument).where(
+                        DatasetDocument.dataset_id == dataset.id,
+                        DatasetDocument.indexing_status == IndexingStatus.COMPLETED,
+                        DatasetDocument.enabled == True,
+                        DatasetDocument.archived == False,
+                    )
+                ).all()
+
+                documents = []
+                segments_count = 0
+                for dataset_document in dataset_documents:
+                    segments = db.session.scalars(
+                        select(DocumentSegment).where(
+                            DocumentSegment.document_id == dataset_document.id,
+                            DocumentSegment.status == SegmentStatus.COMPLETED,
+                            DocumentSegment.enabled == True,
+                        )
+                    ).all()
+
+                    for segment in segments:
+                        document = Document(
+                            page_content=segment.content,
+                            metadata={
+                                "doc_id": segment.index_node_id,
+                                "doc_hash": segment.index_node_hash,
+                                "document_id": segment.document_id,
+                                "dataset_id": segment.dataset_id,
+                            },
+                        )
+                        if dataset_document.doc_form == IndexStructureType.PARENT_CHILD_INDEX:
+                            child_chunks = segment.get_child_chunks()
+                            if child_chunks:
+                                child_documents = []
+                                for child_chunk in child_chunks:
+                                    child_document = ChildDocument(
+                                        page_content=child_chunk.content,
+                                        metadata={
+                                            "doc_id": child_chunk.index_node_id,
+                                            "doc_hash": child_chunk.index_node_hash,
+                                            "document_id": segment.document_id,
+                                            "dataset_id": segment.dataset_id,
+                                        },
+                                    )
+                                    child_documents.append(child_document)
+                                document.children = child_documents
+
+                        documents.append(document)
+                        segments_count = segments_count + 1
+
+                if documents:
+                    try:
+                        click.echo(
+                            click.style(
+                                f"Creating vector index with {len(documents)} documents of {segments_count}"
+                                f" segments for dataset {dataset.id}.",
+                                fg="green",
+                            )
+                        )
+                        all_child_documents = []
+                        for doc in documents:
+                            if doc.children:
+                                all_child_documents.extend(doc.children)
+                        vector.create(documents)
+                        if all_child_documents:
+                            vector.create(all_child_documents)
+                        click.echo(click.style(f"Created vector index for dataset {dataset.id}.", fg="green"))
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        click.echo(click.style(f"Failed to created vector index for dataset {dataset.id}.", fg="red"))
+                        raise e
+                db.session.add(dataset)
+                db.session.commit()
+                click.echo(f"Successfully migrated dataset {dataset.id}.")
+                create_count += 1
+            except Exception as e:
+                db.session.rollback()
+                click.echo(click.style(f"Error creating dataset index: {e.__class__.__name__} {str(e)}", fg="red"))
+                continue
+
+    click.echo(
+        click.style(
+            f"Migration complete. Created {create_count} dataset indexes. Skipped {skipped_count} datasets.", fg="green"
+        )
+    )
+
+
+@click.command("add-qdrant-index", help="Add Qdrant index.")
+@click.option("--field", default="metadata.doc_id", prompt=False, help="Index field , default is metadata.doc_id.")
+def add_qdrant_index(field: str):
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting Qdrant index creation.", fg="green"))
+
+    create_count = 0
+
+    try:
+        bindings = db.session.scalars(select(DatasetCollectionBinding)).all()
+        if not bindings:
+            click.echo(click.style("No dataset collection bindings found.", fg="red"))
+            return
+        import qdrant_client
+        from qdrant_client.http.exceptions import UnexpectedResponse
+        from qdrant_client.http.models import PayloadSchemaType
+
+        from core.rag.datasource.vdb.qdrant.qdrant_vector import PathQdrantParams, QdrantConfig
+
+        for binding in bindings:
+            if dify_config.QDRANT_URL is None:
+                raise ValueError("Qdrant URL is required.")
+            qdrant_config = QdrantConfig(
+                endpoint=dify_config.QDRANT_URL,
+                api_key=dify_config.QDRANT_API_KEY,
+                root_path=current_app.root_path,
+                timeout=dify_config.QDRANT_CLIENT_TIMEOUT,
+                grpc_port=dify_config.QDRANT_GRPC_PORT,
+                prefer_grpc=dify_config.QDRANT_GRPC_ENABLED,
+            )
+            try:
+                params = qdrant_config.to_qdrant_params()
+                # Check the type before using
+                if isinstance(params, PathQdrantParams):
+                    # PathQdrantParams case
+                    client = qdrant_client.QdrantClient(path=params.path)
+                else:
+                    # UrlQdrantParams case - params is UrlQdrantParams
+                    client = qdrant_client.QdrantClient(
+                        url=params.url,
+                        api_key=params.api_key,
+                        timeout=int(params.timeout),
+                        verify=params.verify,
+                        grpc_port=params.grpc_port,
+                        prefer_grpc=params.prefer_grpc,
+                    )
+                # create payload index
+                client.create_payload_index(binding.collection_name, field, field_schema=PayloadSchemaType.KEYWORD)
+                create_count += 1
+            except UnexpectedResponse as e:
+                # Collection does not exist, so return
+                if e.status_code == 404:
+                    click.echo(click.style(f"Collection not found: {binding.collection_name}.", fg="red"))
+                    continue
+                # Some other error occurred, so re-raise the exception
+                else:
+                    click.echo(
+                        click.style(
+                            f"Failed to create Qdrant index for collection: {binding.collection_name}.", fg="red"
+                        )
+                    )
+
+    except Exception:
+        click.echo(click.style("Failed to create Qdrant client.", fg="red"))
+
+    click.echo(click.style(f"Index creation complete. Created {create_count} collection indexes.", fg="green"))
+
+
+@click.command("old-metadata-migration", help="Old metadata migration.")
+def old_metadata_migration():
+    """
+    Old metadata migration.
+    """
+    click.echo(click.style("Starting old metadata migration.", fg="green"))
+
+    page = 1
+    while True:
+        try:
+            stmt = (
+                select(DatasetDocument)
+                .where(DatasetDocument.doc_metadata.is_not(None))
+                .order_by(DatasetDocument.created_at.desc())
+            )
+            documents = db.paginate(select=stmt, page=page, per_page=50, max_per_page=50, error_out=False)
+        except SQLAlchemyError:
+            raise
+        if not documents:
+            break
+        for document in documents:
+            if document.doc_metadata:
+                doc_metadata = document.doc_metadata
+                for key in doc_metadata:
+                    for field in BuiltInField:
+                        if field.value == key:
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        dataset_metadata = db.session.scalar(
+                            select(DatasetMetadata)
+                            .where(DatasetMetadata.dataset_id == document.dataset_id, DatasetMetadata.name == key)
+                            .limit(1)
+                        )
+                        if not dataset_metadata:
+                            dataset_metadata = DatasetMetadata(
+                                tenant_id=document.tenant_id,
+                                dataset_id=document.dataset_id,
+                                name=key,
+                                type=DatasetMetadataType.STRING,
+                                created_by=document.created_by,
+                            )
+                            db.session.add(dataset_metadata)
+                            db.session.flush()
+                            dataset_metadata_binding: DatasetMetadataBinding | None = DatasetMetadataBinding(
+                                tenant_id=document.tenant_id,
+                                dataset_id=document.dataset_id,
+                                metadata_id=dataset_metadata.id,
+                                document_id=document.id,
+                                created_by=document.created_by,
+                            )
+                            db.session.add(dataset_metadata_binding)
+                        else:
+                            dataset_metadata_binding = db.session.scalar(
+                                select(DatasetMetadataBinding)
+                                .where(
+                                    DatasetMetadataBinding.dataset_id == document.dataset_id,
+                                    DatasetMetadataBinding.document_id == document.id,
+                                    DatasetMetadataBinding.metadata_id == dataset_metadata.id,
+                                )
+                                .limit(1)
+                            )
+                            if not dataset_metadata_binding:
+                                dataset_metadata_binding = DatasetMetadataBinding(
+                                    tenant_id=document.tenant_id,
+                                    dataset_id=document.dataset_id,
+                                    metadata_id=dataset_metadata.id,
+                                    document_id=document.id,
+                                    created_by=document.created_by,
+                                )
+                                db.session.add(dataset_metadata_binding)
+                        db.session.commit()
+        page += 1
+    click.echo(click.style("Old metadata migration completed.", fg="green"))